AE .E56 21 ENCYCLOPÆDIA PERTHENSIS. SIN RIMPSON, Profeffor, a younger brother of the learned Dr R. SIMSON, with a memoir of whom we concluded our laft volume. This genteman was profeffor of medicine in the university of St Andrew's, and is famed for fome works of reputation; particularly a Differtation on the Nervas Syftem, occafioned by the Diffection of a Brain completely Offified. SIMULAR. 8. f. [from fimulo, Latin.] that counterfeits. One SIN Thou perjurer, thou fimular of virtue, That art inceftuous. Shak. * SIMULATION. n. f. [ fimulation, French; fimulatio, from fimulo, Latin.] That part of hypocrify which pretends that to which is not. Simulation is a vice rifing of a natural falfeness, or feartutnefs; because a man must needs difguife, it maketh him practise fimulation. Bacon. He well expreffed his love in an act and time of no fimula towards his end, bequeathing her all his man"on-houses. Wotton. Deceiving by actions, gesares, or behaviour, is called fimulation or hypocr.fy. South. SIMULTANEOUS. adj. [ fimultaneous, Lat. Ading together; exifting at the fame time.-Why may not bullets, closely crowded in a box, move by a like mutual and fimultaneous exchange? Glan SIMULUS, an ancient Latin poet, who wrote 1 poem on the Turpeian rock. Plut. in Rom. SIMYRA, an ancient town of Phoenicia. (.) SIN. n. J. [fyn, Saxon.] 1. An act inft the laws of God; a violation of the laws religion. it is great fin to fwear unto a fin, But greater in to keep a finful oath. Being a divine, a ghoftly confeffor, A fa abfolver. Shak. Shak. But thofe that fleep, and think not on their Finch them. VOL. XXI. PART L. Shak. I am pure from all fin with man. Top. iii. 14s 2. Habitual negligence of religion.-Sin, death, and hell, have fet their marks upon him. Shak. Sin-bred! how have ye troubled all mankind? Milton. The rank vapours of the fin-worn mould. Milton. Is there no means, but that a fin-fick land Should be let blood with such a boift'rous hand? Daniel. -Vice or virtue chiefly imply the relation of our actions to men; fin and holiness imply their re látion to God. Watts. Each affection of this fin-worn globe. Brooke. 3. It is used by Shakespeare emphatically for a man enormously wicked.— Thy ambition, Thou fcarlet fin, robb'd this bewailing land Of noble Buckingham. Shak. (2.) SIN. See THEOLOGY. (3.) SIN, the name of one of the chief Japanese Deities, in their ancient SINTOO Religion. (4.) SIN, in geography, or Barbe-Sin, a kingdom of Africa, in Senegal, extending about 21 miles along the coaft, and abounding in rice, fruits, cotton, maize, &c. Jeal is the capital. *To SIN. v. n. [from the noun.] 1. To ne. glect the laws of religion; to violate the laws of religion.-Stand in awe and fin not. Pfalm iv. 4. -Many alfo have finn'd for women. Efdr.-He fhall give him life for them that fin not unto death. 1 John, v. 16. 2. To offend against right. I am a man, More finn'd against than finning. And who but wishes to invert the lawS Shak. Poper SINA, an ancient people of India, reckoned by Ptolemy the most eastern nation in the world SINAI, or SINA, a famous mountain of Arabia Petræa upon which God gave the law to Mofes. A It SIS; 4. BRASSICATA; 5. CERNUA; 6. CHINES I. SINAPIS ALBA, white mustard, is generally cultivated as a falad herb for winter and fpring ufe. This rifes with a branched hairy ftalk two feet high; the leaves are deeply jagged on ther edges and rough. The flowers are difpofed in loofe fpikes at the end of the branches, flanding upon horizontal footftalks; they have four yellow petals in form of a crofs, which are fucceeded by hairy pods, that end with long, comprefied, o lique beaks; the pods generally contain four while feeds. 2. SINAPIS ARVENSIS, grows naturally on rable land in many parts of Britain. The feed of this is commonly fold under the title of Durham mustard seed. Of this there are two varieties, if not diftin&t fpecies; the one with cut, the other with entire leaves. The stalks rife two feet high; the leaves are rough; in the one they are jagged like turnip-leaves; in the other they are long and en tire. The flowers are yellow; the pods are tur gid, angular, and have long beaks. It stands in a kind of peninfula, formed by the 1. SINAPIS ALBA; 2. ALLIONI; 3. ARVEN 3. SINAPIS NIGRA, common mustard, which frequently found growing naturally in many part of Britain, but is alfo cultivated in fields for the feed, of which the fauce called mustard is made, This rifes with a branching stalk 4 or 5 feet high: the lower leaves are large, rough, and very like thofe of turnip; the upper leaves are smaller and lefs jagged. The flowers are small, yellow, and grow in fpiked clusters at the end of the branches they have four petals placed in form of a cross, and are fucceeded by smooth four-cornered podsMuftard, by its acrimony and pungency, ftimu lates the folids, and attenuates vifcid juices; and hence ftands deservedly recommended for exciting appetite, aflifting digeftion, promoting the Bu fecretions, and for the other purposes of the acrid plants called ANTISCORBUTIC. It imparts its taste and finell in perfection to aqueous liquors, and by diftilation with water yields an effential oil of great acrimony. To rectified spirit its feed give out very little either of their smell or tafe Subjected to the prefs, they yield a confiderab quantity of mild infipid oil, which is as free from acrimony as that of almonds. They are appli as an external ftimulant to benumbed or paraly tic limbs; to parts affected with fixed rheumat pains; and to the foles of the feet, in the lo tage of acute difeafes, for railing the pulle: this intention, a mixture of equal parts of t powdered feeds and crumb of bread, with the a dition fometimes of a little bruifed garlic, made into a cataplafm with a fufficient quanti of vinegar. SINAPISM, n. s. [from Sinapis], in pharma an external medicine, in form of a catapiafm, co pofed chiefly of mustard-feed pulverized, and ther ingredients mentioned in the laft article, SINBACH, or SIMPACH, a town of Lower varia: 5 miles S. of Landau, and 9 ESE. of I gelfingen. (13.) Si (4) SINCAPURA, STRAITS OF, a narrow channel between the above island, MALLACA and Sumatra. SIN-CARPON, a town of Chinese Tartary, 355 miles ENE. of Pekin. Lon. 144. 34. E. Ferro. Lat. 41. 23. N. (1.) SINCE. adv. [formed by contraction from fitbence, or fith thence, from fithe, Saxon.] 1. Because that. Since the cleareft discoveries we have of other fpirits are imported by revelation, the information fhould be taken from thence. Locke. Since truth and conftancy are vain, Since neither love, nor fense of pain, Nor force of reafon, can perfuade. Granville. 2. From the time that.-Am not I thine afs, upon which thou hast ridden ever since I was thine unto this day? Numb. xxii. 30.-He is the most improved mind fince you faw him. Pope. 3. Ago; before this.-About two years fince, it fell out. Sidney.— Elfe had I, fir, Half an hour fince, brought my report. Shak. -A law was made no longer fince than the 28th of Henry the VIII. Davies. Howmany ages fince has Virgil writ! Rofcommon. () SINCE. prepofition. After; reckoning from Le time paft to the time prefent. He fince the morning hour fet out from heav'n. Milton. -I have a model by which he may build a nobler poem than any extant fince the ancients. Dryden. SINCERE. adj. fincerus, Latin; fincere, Fr.] 1.Ushort; uninjurʼd.— Th' inviolable body ftood fincere. 1. Pure; unmingled.—'. Dryden. A joy which never was fincere till now. Dryd. -The pleasures of fenfe beats tafte fincere and pere Atterbury-There is no fincere acid in any animal juice. Arb-In English I would have all Gallicifms avoided, that our tongue may be firtre. Fillon. 3. Honeft; undiffembling; uncorrupt. From facere motions by intelligence I do know to be corrupt. Shak. Your fingereft care could! not prevent. Milt -The more fincere you are, the better it will fare with you. In the mean while, give us leave to be fincere too. Waterland.-Through the want of hintere intention of pleafing God in all our actions, we fall into irregularities of life. Law. SINCERELY. adv. [from fincere.] Honeftly; without hypocrify; with purity of heart.-The purer our religion is, the worthier effects it hath in them who fincerely embrace it. Hooker.That you may, fair lady, Perceive I speak fincerely, the king's majesty Does purpose honour to you, -Keep your mind fincerely intent in the purfuit of truth. Watts. Shak. * SINCERENESS Įn. s. [fincerité, French; (1.) * SINCERITY.} from interest. Ho pefty of intention; purity of mind.-Jefus Chrift will accept of fincerity instead of perfection; but then this fincerity implies our honest endeavours to do our utmoft. Rogers. 2. Freedom from hypocrify.— Pope. For thee fhe feels fincerity of woe. (2.) SINCERITY. See MORAL PHILOSOPHY, Part II. Sect. III. § VI. SINCHO, a town of Africa, on the Gold Coast in the kingdom of Ningo. The natives are moltly employed in fishing. SINCIPUT, in anatomy, the forepart of the head reaching from the forehead to the coronal future. SINCKEL, a river of Germany, which runs into the Wertach, 2 miles SSW. of Augburg. SINCUS, one of the three firft fovereigns of Ruffia. See RUSSIA, § 2. SINDÆ, in ancient geography, iflands in the Indian Ocean, fuppofed to be the NICOBAR ISLANDS. (1.) SINDE, the modern name of the Inpus. (2.) SINDE, or TATTA. See TATTA. SINDELFINGEN, a town of Suabia, in Wortemburg, 6 miles SW. of Stutgard, and 30 of Baden, Lon. 26. 38. E. Ferro. Lat. 48. 41. N. SINDI, an ancient nation of European Scythia, on the Palus Mæotis. Hor. vi. 86. SINDLON, a town of Egypt on the W. branch of the Nile, 15 miles SSE. of Foua. *SINDON, 2. s. [Latin]. A fold; a wrapper -Wrapped in sindons of linen. Bacon. SINDSCHAR, or SINJA, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Muful, 30 miles S. of Moful. SINDY, a province of Hindoftan Proper, bounded on the W. by Makran, a province of Perfia; on the N. by the territories of the king of Candabar; on the NE. by thofe of the Seiks; on the E. by a fandy defert; and on the SE. by Cutch. It extends along the courfe of the Sinde or Indus from its mouth to Behker, near Mouls tan, It is 300 miles long; and in its wideft part, about 160 broad. In foil, climate, and furface, Sindy refembles Egypt; the lower part of it being composed of rich vegetable mould, and extended into a wide valley; while the upper part of it is a narrow flip, confined on one fide by mountains, and on the other by a fandỳ defert, the Indus winding through this valley, and annually overflowing it. During great part of the SW. moafoon, in July, Auguft, and Sept. which is the rainy feafon in other parts of India, the atmosphere is clouded; but no rain falls except very near the fea, and very little during the whole year; owing to which, and the neighbourhood of the fandy deferts, which bound it on the E. and NW. the heats are fo violent, and the winds from thofe quarters fo pernicious, that the houfes are contrived fo as to be ventilated by apertures on the tops of them, refembling the funnels of small chimneys. When the hot winds prevail, the windows are clofely fhut; and the loweft and hottest part of the current of air being thus excluded, a cooler part defcends into the houfe thro' the funnels. Thus alfo vaft clouds of duft A 2' duft are excluded. The roofs are compofed of thick layers of earth. Few countries are more unwholefome. The prince is a Mahometan tributary to the king of Candahar. He refides at Hydrabad, although TATTA is the capital. The Hindoos, who were the original inhabitants are by their Mahometan governors treated with great rigour, and denied the public exercise of their re ligion. The inland parts of Sindy produce faltpetre, fal ammoniac, borax, bezoar, lapis lazuli, and raw filk. They have alfo manufactories of cotton and filk; and of cabinets, inlaid with ivory, and finely lackered. They also export great quantities of butter, The ladies wear hoops of ivory on their arms and legs, which when they die are burnt with them. They haveʻlarge black cattle, excellent mutton, and small hardy horses. Their wild game are deer, hares, antelopes, and foxes, which they hunt with dogs, leopards, and a fmail fierce creature called a shail gush. (1.) * SINE. n. s [sinus, Latin.] A right sine, in geometry, is a right line drawn from one end of an arch perpendicularly upon the diameter drawn from the other end of that arch; or it is half the chord of twice the arch. Harris.-The sine of the angle of incidence of every ray, confidered apart, fhall have to the fine of the angle of refraction a conftant ratio. Cheyne. (2.) SINE, or RIGHT SINE OF AN ARCH, in trigonometry. See GEOMETRY and TRIGONOMETRY. * SINECURE. n. s. [sine, without, and cura, care, Latin.] An office which has revenue without any employment.-A sinecure is benefice with out cure of fouls. Ayliffe No fimony or sinecure were known. Garth. SINES, a fea port town of Portugal, in Eftremadura, containing about 1400 inhabitants, 39 miles S. of Setuval. Lon. 9. 45. E. Ferro. Lat. 37. 48. N. SINESCLA, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Diarbekir, 80 miles E. of Rabba. 2. Strong; firm; vigorous. Ourfelves well sinewed to our defence. Shak. * SINEWSHRUNK. adj. [sinew and shrunk.] A horfe is faid to be sinewshrunk when he has been over-ridden, and fo fatigued that he becomes gaunt-bellied by a ftiffness and contraction of the two finews which are under his belly. Farrier's Dictionary. (1.) * SINEW. n. s. [sene, Saxon; senaven, Dutch.] 1. A tendon; the ligament by which the joints are moved.— The torrent roar'd, and we did buffet it With lufty sigeros. Shak. Fear fhrunk my sineaus. Dryden. -A sinew cracked feldom recovers its former trength. Locke. 2. Applied to whatever gives ftrength or compactnefs; as, money is the sineaus pf war.-Some other sinews there are. Hooker. Such difcouraging of men cracks the sinews of government. South-In the principal figures of a picture the painter is to employ the sineaus of his art. Dryden. 3. Muscle or nerve.- Sineus, which extend from head to foot. Davies. (2.) SINEWS, TENDONS, or LIGAMENTS. See ANATOMY, Index, under LIGAMENTS. *To SINEW v. a. [from the noun.] To knit as by finews. Not in ufe. So fhalt thou sinew both thefe lands toge ther. SINEWED. adj. {from sinew.} ed with finews. Strong sinew'd was the youth, Shak. 1. Furnish Dryden. * SINEWY. adj. [from sine.] 1. Confifting of a finew; nervous. The nerves and finews are in poetry often confounded, from nervus, Latin, which fignifies a finew. The sinewy thread my brains lets fall. Donne. 2. Strong; nervous; vigorous; forcible. Milo his additions yields To sinewy Ajax. Shak. Sbak. Pope. Moft sinewy fwordsmen. -The northern people are large, fair-complexion. ed, ftrong, sinewy, and courageous. Hale.— He dropt his sinewy arms. SINFONG, a town of China, of the third rank, in Kiang-fi, 27 miles S. of Kan-cheou. *SINFUL. adj. [sin and full.] 1. Alien from God; not holy; unsanctified.— Drive out the sinful pair. Milt. 2. Wicked; not obfervant of religion; contrary to religion. It is ufed both of perfons and things. Shews the way his sinful foul to fave. F. Q. Though pure of sinful thought. Milt. -The ftoicks looked upon all paflions as sinful defects. South. * SINFULLY. adv. [from sinful] Wickedly; not pioufly; not according to the ordinance of God. All this from my remembrance brutish wrath Sinfully pluckt. Shak. --The ambitious man attempts to please others sinfully. South. * SINFULNESS. n. s. [from sinful] Aliena. tion from God; neglect or violation of the duties of religion; contrariety to religions goodness,— Supernal grace contending With sinfulness of men. Mik. —Peevishness is equally to be avoided for the fol ly and sinfulness. Wake. (1, 2.) SING, in geography, two towns of Afia, in the kingdom of Corea, 1ft, 25 miles SE. of Long Kouang; 2. in the province of Kan-chan, 153 miles SSE. of King-ki-tao. Lon. 145. 53. E. Ferro. Lat. 35. 27. N. (3) SING, SIGN, SIGNUM, or Seign, a territory in Dalmatia, furrounded by Cliffa, Knin, and Trau, 30 miles long, 28 broad, and divided into two equal parts by the Cettina, the ancient TILURUS. It is mountainous, but the valleys are fertile. It is frequented by large vultures, whofe wings, when spread out, measure above ro feet, and which often carry off lambs, fheep, and even children. It was formerly very populous, but now contains only about 15,000 people, the population having been much reduced by the plague in 1784. (4.) SING, SIGN, or SIGNUM, a town in the above territory, built by the Turks, on a steep rock, oppofite to Cliff, Arongly fortified on all fides, and almoft inacceffible on three. It was taken |