Men were led to false conclusions, not through mere ignorance, but from hastily assuming the correctness of the data they reasoned from without sufficient grounds.

This necessitated his being parted from the books which he loved for a

time.

I am glad that you have pointed out the ambiguity in the report as it enables me to give him the credit he deserves, by sending this letter to the papers.

He bought the house which he inhabited for his own residence.

The 2501. demanded by the Abbey authorities having been obtained on Monday the statue of Lord Shaftesbury was unveiled. [The money was not obtained on Monday.]

This is a proposal to award superannuation and gratuities to those employed by the board out of the rates.

It is not for me to give reasons for what men do to a gentleman of your learning.

I had done her an injury for which I hoped to make her some reparation by robbing her of the innocence of her mind.

One always associates Carlyle with his pipe and Lord Tennyson.

There were rumours of his having been seen in the neighbourhood where the crime was committed on Saturday night. [The crime was not committed on Saturday night.]

I desire that you would insert the following letter, by which it appears that the custom is yet kept up and practised in your magazine.

Having desired to see Ossey Cacheff for some time I received no answer. [He had not desired for some time to see Ossey Cacheff.]

The present Mayor of Colchester is the son of a working man, and was ormerly an ironmonger's artisan in the town of which he is now mayor at eighteen shillings a week.

The carts though drawn by five horses owing to the steepness of the road or gangway up the cliff can only carry about half a ton at a time.

The sight of these [tears] in Esmond's heart always created a sort of rage of pity.

I can recall some of my own [verses] written under similar circumstance with twinges of shame.

He acts for your Cork correspondent at Limerick.

The major believed Stanley to be dead owing to the absence of news.
To avoid death by the order of Herod he fled into Egypt.

Shall we stand here and see those we love perish in this awful manner without an effort?

The remaining 400 ft. will be completed in January at the rate of about 36 ft. per week.

The publication of a small volume of poems introduced me to such of them as in my eyes were most worth knowing as it were by a short cut.

She had fluttered the doves in the conventional cote by the publication of the Atkinson letters very considerably.

She wrote to me, however, though even letter-writing had become toilsome to her, pretty frequently.

At that he worked away until he was ransomed with the greatest perse

verance.

She surrendered to the nobles who had taken up arms against her at Carberry Hill.

How is it that no questions were put to the widow as to the treatment of her husband's injuries by the coroner?

He intends to blow out the brains of anybody who comes to ask after her as a journalist or interviewer.

I have now and then inserted in the text characters of books which I have not read on the faith of my guides.

He went from shame to shame, and dishonour to dishonour, and used the fortune which his wife had brought him in the manner described in those private letters. [It was the manner of using which was described.]

Truly it should not be very difficult for a clever detective to find out who posts these periodical budgets with the help of the post-office authorities.

The householder who does not support the national or parochial schools of his district where they exist whether from preference for the Board school system or from neglect...1

I leaned down, and while I was held by some persons by means of a boathook I caught hold of the youngest child.

He posted the letter received and read yesterday at the railway station. Although a Jew from the desire of gain he pursued a calling which was peculiarly odious in the eyes of the Jews.

Send the next boy talking to the master's desk.

I am perfectly willing to support her as long as she lives without any assistance from anyone.

A few nights afterwards every tenant who had been evicted either then or previously returned to his holding.

They may choose the time of their departure if they send in a signed engagement to go to Paris a month beforehand.

A wealthy philanthropist has just died, bequeathing to each officer on his deathbed the sum of 247.

After receiving a good education he began the pranks which will probably lead him to the gallows at the age of seventeen or eighteen.

The spire which rises out of four decorated pillars owing to the settling of the western piers has fallen nearly four feet out of the perpendicular.

The arrangement of this sentence would be less faulty if the words where they exist were omitted; and these words are unnecessary, because the householder could not support schools where they did not exist.

I want you to let me say that I love you again and again.

Board schools, the fire brigade, the district lunatic asylums are now provided for by taxation and also burials.

It must be understood that the object of the department is to cause the public as much expense as possible and to disturb the leisure the female officers have for chatting with one another and engaging in flirtation with suitable persons on the other side of the counter as little as practicable.

He went behind the compact made by the Tithe Commutation Act in the interests of the tithe-owners. [It was not the compact that was made in the interests of the tithe-owners.]

Immediately after this resolution was communicated to Mr. Brown without the sanction or knowledge of the board he closed the school, [It was the closing which was without sanction, &c.]

After fording the river which runs the whole length of the valley at midday we halted.

A barber who came to see what the noise was as a practical joke induced them to knock up the constable.

Mr. Smith consented to preside during the mission at the harmonium. At the foot of the hill a halt of some duration was made to replenish the engines with water from the brook crossing the road at this point by means of a suction hose.

A butcher was summoned for having the carcasses of three sheep which were unfit for human food in his slaughter-house.

As soon as they understood his quality they asked forgiveness for what they had done with great humility.

A despotic state will generally be successful if a contest occurs at the outset.

182. Adverbial Clauses of Time and Place are placed before or after the Verbs qualified; as

Adverbial Clause of Time before.

When I look upon the tombs of the great every emotion of envy dies within me; when I meet with the grief of parents upon a tombstone my heart melts with compassion; when I see the tomb of the parents themselves I consider the vanity of grieving for those whom we must quickly follow; . . . when I read the several dates of the tombs, of some that died yesterday and some six hundred years ago, I consider that great day when we shall all of us be contemporaries and make our appearance together,

Adverbial Clause of Place before.

Where the long street roars hath been
The stillness of the central sea,

Adverbial Clause of Time after.

Make hay while the sun shines.
He had a fever when he was in Spain.

Adverbial Clause of Place after.
Go where glory waits thee.

Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.

183. Adverbial Clauses of Manner introduced by as (without a correlative so) are generally placed after the principal Verb; as My muse doth not delight me

As she did before.

My hand and pen are not in plight

As they have been of yore.

184. When there is a correlative so, Adverbial Clauses introduced by as are placed before the principal Verb; thus:

As the hart panteth after the water-brooks, so panteth my soul after thee. As the tree falls so must it lie.

185. Adverbial Clauses of Condition may be placed before or after the principal Verb; as

I will come if you wish it.
If you wish it I will come.

Except ye repent ye shall all likewise perish.
Ye shall all likewise perish except ye repent.

Generally speaking, it is better to place Conditional Clauses first. The mind is thus prepared to receive with all necessary qualifications the statement made by the principal Predicate. If the Conditional Clause comes after the principal Predicate the idea formed may have to be modified.

186. Ambiguity may arise if the Conditional Clause is not placed either at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. Thus, the sentence

The expectations of the parents are disappointed if the children do not work hard and money is wasted

may mean

(1) If the children do not work hard the expectations of the parents are disappointed and money is wasted;

or

(2) If the children do not work hard and money is wasted the expectations of the parents are disappointed.

The sentence just quoted exemplifies the need of care in placing Adverbial Clauses when there are two or more principal Verbs which they may qualify. Other examples follow.

(1) If we are to believe the text, our hero was the guide, philosopher, and friend of Dr. Andrew Thomson when only a lad of thirteen.

6

Who was only a lad of thirteen'? Probably 'our hero,' in which case the clause should follow 'hero.'

(2) The very landlord's agent who has been giving you all the landlord side of the question when you come to the subject of evictions breaks away and becomes an Irishman.

The Adverbial Clause should follow 'breaks away' or 'Irishman.'

(3) He had received a special report that Falmouth was dying just as he was on the point of mounting his horse.

Place the Adverbial Clause first.

(4) A flock of redwings scattered over the meadow cower among the grass in terror as the keen wings sweep overhead, or with shrill notes of alarm hurry to the shelter of the nearest hedgerow.

Again place the Adverbial Clause first.

Exercise 85.

Re-arrange the following sentences:

My cousin called after I had gone out to hear the news.

We saw some beautiful pictures when we were in London to be sold.
The boy has worked hard since he was promoted to please his mother.
We walked into the village just as the sun was setting to buy provisions.
I am going when duty calls me to fight for my country.

I came because you called me to know what you wanted.

I will stay since you wish me to spend the evening with you.

You will be punished unless you work to keep others from following your bad example.

Words requiring special care.

187. The word only requires special care.

A change in the position of the word is likely to affect the whole' meaning of the sentence. Thus the sentence