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prevent the disorder, at the fmall expence of a little trouble to the fhepherd. Should this method prove, on trial, as fuccessful as the experiment gives the hope, the farmer will have many

reafons to thank the man who tried it, and the public will be obliged by the communication. In that cafe, the more it is circulated the better.

TOPOGRAPHY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF SCOTLAND. CONTINUED FROM PAGE 622.

SHIRE OF LINLITHGOW, OR WEST

LOTHIAN.

long, and from 2 to 3 broad. The beauty of the grounds, diverfified with THIS fhire is of an irregular form, hill and dale, wood and water, is reapproaching in fome measure to a para- markable. The views from the rifing lellogram; it measures nearly 20 miles grounds are very extenfive, and the from east to west, and about 12 from Forth affords unceafing variety; infouth to north. On the east it is bound- deed the fcenery here is perhaps uneed by Mid-Lothian, the river Almond qualled in the island. The land, in being the march; on the north by the general, is not of the best quality; in Frith of Forth; on the weft by Stirling- the high parts, a stiff fhallow clay lies. fhire, the small river Avon being the on till, but towards the fea it is pretmarch; and on the south by the fhires ty rich. In this parish are some spots of Lanark and Peebles. This is one of virgin earth, or perpetual foil, as of the richest counties in Scotland; it is it is called, which are exceedingly ferfinely diverfified by hill and dale, by tile, producing good crops fucceffivegentle fwells and fertile plains. The ly, without having ever been aided by number of gentlemens' feats, furround- manure. There are about 4500 acres in ed with woods and adorned with exten- the parish, 1700 of which are in til five plantations, give it a very pleasant lage, the rest are occupied in pasture, and rich appearance. "The country and with plantations. The best land between Queensferry and Stirling," rents from 30s. to 40s. per acre, the fays Mr Pennant, "is not to be para- whole amounts to about 5000l. Sterling lelled for the elegance and variety of its yearly. It contains only 907 perfons. profpects. The whole is a compofition Iron-ftone is found on the fhore, and va of all that is great and beautiful: Towns, rious quarries of very excellent freevillages, feats, and ancient towers, de- ftone; from one of thefe, great quantities corate each bank of that fine expanfe of of grind-ftones are made. There are alwater, the Frith of Forth; while the fo abundance of limeftone. There were bufy fcenes of commerce and rural eco- once alum works about a mile from nomy are no fmall additions to the ftill Queensferry, on the beach, but they life. The lofty mountains of the High- have been difcontinued for many years. lands form a distant but august bounda- Symptoms of coal are feen, but none ry toward the north-west; and the east- has been wrought. On the hill of Dun ern view is enlivened with ships perpe- das, there is a bold front of basaltic tually appearing or vanishing, amid the rock, exhibiting in fome places regular numerous ifles." The fmall ftreams of columns. At the bottom lies a marfh, Avon and Almond are the only waters where good shell marl has been found. worth noticing. The fcarcity of run- It is remarkable, that the family of ning water in this and the county of Dundas of Dundas have poffeffed their Edinburgh, is held out by fome as an lands in the male line for upwards of unfurmountable obstacle to the project- 700 years. This parish gave birth to Dr ed canal to the weft. Wilkie, the author of the Epigoniad. In his youth he cultivated a small farm, and ftruggled hard with penury. He 5 D

DALMENY. This parish lies 9 miles weft from Edinburgh; it is 4 miles

VOL. LVIII.

was

was afterwards minifter of Ratho, and
laftly Profeffor of Natural Philofophy
in the parish of St Andrews, where he
died at the age of 52, in the year 1773.
Barnbougle cafle, on the eaftern angle
of the county, the feat of the Earl of
Rofeberry, is fcarcely furpaffed by any,
perhaps, in the ifland; variety of grounds,
and variety of profpect, tranfport the de-
lighted obferver.
From various cir-
cumftances, the grounds here have been
overlooked, or not attended to; but a
finer or more complete retreat is not to
be feen almoft any where. The beau-
tiful feat of Hope of Craigiehall, Dun-
das caftle, and Duddingfton, the refi-
dence of David Dundas, Efq; are all
in this parish.

of architecture in the island. The fituation adds much to give that noble appearance; it has the advantage of a fine lawn in front, while, at the fame time, it is fo elevated as to command the fhipping in Leith Roads, and the whole Frith to North Berwick and the Bafs, with the coaft of Fife, befet with its numberless towns and villages. To the weft, the variety of hill and dale, and the water expanded like a loch, form a very rich profpect, terminated indeed only by Ben Lomond's cloud-capped top. The whole profpect, in short, is truly grand and noble. The ruins of once the refidence of the Earls of Linlithgow, are comprehended in Hopetown policy, and are worthy of the traQUEENSFERRY lies about 9 miles veller's notice. Below lies Blackness north-weft from the capital, and is much Castle, fituated on a neck of land which frequented as a paffage to the north; the runs into the Frith. This, with the Frith here being only 2 miles broad, fortification on the island of Inchgarvy, where there is water at a much later feems to have been intended to comperiod of the tide than at Leith. The mand the paffage along the Frith from parish is confined to the borough, which Leith to Stirling. This garrifon of is a royal one, and was an erection with- Blacknefs, is one of the four in Scotin the parish of Dalmeny. The num- land agreed by the articles of Union to ber of inhabitants, is fomewhat above be kept in repair. It has a governor, 500. Soap is the only manufacture lieutenant-governor, 2 gunners, 1 fercarried on. The town is frequented in jeant, 2 corporals, and 15 privates. fummer for bathing quarters, The en- CARRIDEN is a fmall parish about 2 virons are not furpafled in beauty and variety by any in Scotland, and never fail to ftrike a ftranger very forcibly. On the middle of the paffage stands the ifland of Inchgarvy, a bare rock with an old ruin; but on which a battery has lately been erected.

About 2 miles weft from Queensferry, lies the parish of

ABERCORN. It is a fmall parifh, but beautifully fituated, being mofily all comprehended in the extenfive policy of Hopetoun-houfe. The ground is, in general, very rich and finely varied. Here flands Hopetoun-house, the princey feat of the family of Hopetoun, which never fails to aftonish and delight the traveller, by its external grandeur, its paintings, its delightful walks, and fine profpe&s. It is thought to be the fecond or third in point of elegance

miles long, and I broad, but populous, containing between 1400 and 1500 inhabitants, owing to two extensive coal works. The ground is on the whole flat, but the foil is not very rich, rather tending too much to clay; it is all a rable, and moftly inclofed. At Walton is the termination of Graham's Dyke. Colonel James Gardener, who fell at the unfortunate battle of Preftonpans in 1745, was a native of this parish.

ECCLESMACHEN, though in length nearly 4, does not exceed 1 mile in breadth, containing about 220 inha bitants. The furface is flat and the whole under crop, it is chiefly a rich clayey loam. There is abundance of coal through the whole parith, but none at prefent wrought. The north corner reaches to Bathgate hills, where for

merly

merly there were lead mines wrought, walls are standing*. The church is from which a confiderable quantity of a noble piece of Gothic architecture; filver was extracted. Indeed they ap- the fteeple, adorned with an imperial pear to have been fo rich, as to be con- crown, adds much to the beauty of the fidered as really filver mines, a tun of diftant profpect of the town: the time lead yielding about 17 ounces of filver. of erection is not afcertained. Oppofite Bullion-well, near the church, is a weak to the town-house, which is a handfome fulphureous mineral. building, ftands the Crofs-well, built anno 1620, and from which iffues about a dozen ftreams of water from a variety of grotefque figures. The Loch which lies along the back of the town is a beautiful sheet of water, well stored with eels, perch, and pike. The parish may be, at an average, 6 miles long, and 3 broad, containing about 7600 Scotch acres, producing of land-rent cool. Sterling per annum ; the number of inhabitants is 3220, of whom 2282. live in the town. The furface is uneven, and to the fouth rifs to a confi derable height. On the eaft is Binny Craig, which, though not high, is very confpicuous from the eaft. Cocklerue, the higheft rifing ground on the weft, is about 500 feet above the level of the fea. On the whole, the parish is well cultivated; the foil is various ; but in general it is a light free foil. There is no coal wrought in the parifh, though it is more than probable that in many places minerals may be found. There is plenty of limestone of an excellent quality. On the Binny eftate, there have lately been found fpecimens of copper ore; and on the Bathgate hills there was lead and filver formerly got, as noticed under the parish of Ecclefmachen. Linlithgow is alfo famous for being the place where the Solemn League and Covenant was burnt in 1622. It was here that the unfortupate Mary was born; and at Linlith

Bo-NESS. This parish extends in length along the Forth about 4 miles, and about 24 inland from north to fouth. It contains about 3200 inabitants. The furface rifes from the fea, but declines again to the banks of the river Avon; in general the foil is loam, having an over-proportion of clay. On the northweft, however, the carfe ground comes in, which is very rich and fertile. Coal is a great article of exportation here. The town is a burgh of barony, of which the Duke of Hamilton is fuperior; as he is of almoft the whole of the parish. There is an excellent har bour here, and a good deal of trade. A pottery was begun about the year 1784, and is daily extending; foap and falt works alfo do well here. A prifon, town-house, &c. was erected fome time ago at the weft end of the town, after the model of Inverary houfe, but is standing unfinished. The house and grounds of Kinnoul, an ancient feat of the Dukes of Hamilton, are confiderable ornaments to this quarter; the country, on the whole, has a rich and thriving look here. A canal from the harbour of Bo nefs to Grangemouth was begun in 1785, but stands unfinished for want of funds.

LINLITHGOW. The town is confidered as the fixth among the Scotch burghs, and gives its name to the county; it is alfo the prefbytery feat. It lies 16 miles almoft due weit from Edinburgh. In general, the houfes have a mean afpect; but the fituation on the banks of the Loch, and furrounded with hills, is warm and pleafant. The chief manufacture is leather; fhoemaking is also a great trade here. The palace is a majestic ruin; it was burnt by ac cident in 1745, but great part of the

* Here was born on the 8th December 1542, the unfortunate Queen Mary. Her father James V. then dying at Falkland of a broken heart for the mifcarriage at Solway Mofs, foretold the miferies that hung over her and Scotland. "It came," faid he, Here, too, is fhewn the ifle where James IV. "with a lafs, and will be loft with one.' faw the apparition that warned him of the impending fate of the battle of Flodden. 5D 2

gow

gow bridge the famous battle between
the Earls of Lennox and Arran was
fought during the minority of James V.*
TORPHICHEN is fituated about 17
miles weft from Edinburgh, is about
9 miles long and 2 broad, containing
about 1070 inhabitants. The weft
half of this parish is moorifh: the east
is pretty fertile, excepting the hilly
part. The rent is from 10s. to 30s.
per acre.
Cairn Naple is 1498 feet a.
bove the level of the fea. There is
both coal and iron-ftone here.

WHITBURN parish is 6 miles long, and, on an average, from two to three broad, containing about 1325 inhabitants. The furface is uneven, towards the west is a high ridge, of confiderable extent, of moor ground. The foil in general has an over proportion of clay, renting from 75. to 20s. per acre, producing, in whole, about zoool. Sterling per annum, There is both coal and lime in this quarter.

BATHGATE. This parish is 7 miles long, from eaft to weft, and two miles broad, containing 2310 inhabitants. It is hilly towards the north east, but in the other quarters it is flat. The Bathgate hills are covered with grafs, and afford good pasture; on the flat ground the foil is in general a loamy clay, capable of much improvement; the rent nowhere exceeds 20s. per

acre.

There is a very fine lime rock here, about 30 feet thick, and a large field of iron-stone was lately wrought at Barbacklaw, by the Carron Company. There are are alfo great coalworks here. From various fpecimens of ores found on the Bathgate hills, in

Rob Gib, of facetious memory, was connected with this parish. He acted as buffon to James V.; and being allowed, on a particular occafion, to perfonate the fovereign, gave a pointed reproof to the courtiers, who urged their respective claims to royal favour, that he had always ferved his mafter for flark love and kindness. His Majefty conferred on him the property of Weft Canniber in this parish, which was enjoyed by his defcendents even in the course of this century. The original charter is ftill extant.

all probability the lead would be worth the working, from the quantity of filver which it yields.

UPHALL. This parifh lies 12 miles weft from Edinburgh. The new road by Bathgate to Glafgow passes through it. There are 3922 acres in this parifh, and 600 inhabitants. The foil is in general a mouldering clay upon a til ly bottom; but in the lower grounds there is a good proportion of loam intermixed; it fets from 9s. to 50s. per acre. There is a coalliery in this pa rifh, two lime quarries, feveral feams of iron-ftone, both stone and shell marl; alfo fullers earth and red chalk, but both are of a coarfe kind.

WEST-CALDER brings us back to the county of Mid-Lothian, and should properly have been placed in the account of that district. Its length is 10 miles, and breadth about 51. The foil is but indifferent; the whole lies on a tilly bottom, and is compofed either of clay or a mofly earth. It lies high, from 450 to 700 feet above the level of the fea, and is cold and bleak. The inhabitants are about 970. Tho' there is no coal at prefent a-working, yet it is more than probable, that almost the whole parifh ftands upon coal. There is abundance of limestone. At Cattle Craig may be traced, very dif tinctly, the remains of a Roman camp.

MID-CALDER is alfo in the county of Mid-Lothian. The parish is about 7 miles in length and 3 in breadth: it contains 1251 inhabitants. The foil is, in general, light, and when properly cropped makes good returns. The town of Mid-Calder is pleasantly situa ted, and furrounded with beautiful fcenery ; the river Almond runs a little to the north, and Calder wood, which is of confiderable extent, overlooks it. The prefent rent of this parish is about 25191. Sterling. There is coal, limeftone, and iron-ftone in this parish, befides plenty of free-ftone. eftate of Letham is a fulphureous fpring, On the much refembling the Harrogate waIn Calder-house the feat of Torphicher

ters.

phichen is a portrait of the Reformer, country is agreeably varied by rifing grounds, and the foil is either a ftrong clay or black mould, the whole being well cultivated, and yielding rich crops. It was in this parish that Lord Stair first introduced the culture of turnips and cabages in the open fields. There is here a remarkable stone erected at a very diftant period, measuring 4 feet above. the ground, and about 11 in circumference, having an infcription which has not yet been decyphered by any antiquary. (To be continued.)

John Knox, hung in a hall where he firft difpenfed the facrament of the Lords Supper, after the Reformation. KIRKLISTON parifh lies partly in Mid-Lothian and partly in the fhire of Linlithgow, the boundaries being marked by the river Almond which divides it. The parish is, like most others, of an irregular form, measuring in length about 5 miles, the average breadth being 34; the number of inhabitants is upwards of 1500. The face of the

REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS.

Camilla: or a Picture of Youth. By the Author of Evelina and Cecilia. In 5 vols. 12mo. 218. fewed. Payne.

FROM the author of Evelina much

was expected, but we are afraid Camilla will rather difappoint the generality of readers. There is, in our opinion, neither character nor incident, to keep up the attention through five long volumes, even with all Mrs D'Arblay's good fenfe and nicety of difcrimination; these in deed (whatever may be the general merit of the book) are most happily displayed in the character she has drawn of Camilla. It is at once amiable and engaging, uniting livelinefs, fenfibility, and understanding, with the fofter graces; which laft are, by the generality of novellifts, deemed alone fufficient for their heroines, the former being confidered altogether incompatible with the character. The author is by no means fo fortunate in the other pictures the draws; particularly in that of Sir Hugh Tyrold and Doctor Orkburne, where the makes the most disagreeable, if not unnatural, combinations. We are forry to fee, in the former of thefe characters, fo much benevolence united with the groffeft weakness and want of judgment; and in the latter, learning and refpectability with fo many oddities. We prefent our readers with the following favourable specimen :

THE PUBLIC BREAKFAST.

"THE Company, which was numerous, was already feated at breakfaft. Indiana and Camilla, now firft furveyed by daylight, again attracted all eyes; but, in

the fimplicity of undress, the fuperiority of Indiana was no longer wholly unrivalled, though the general voice was still ftrongly in her favour.

Indiana was a beauty of fo regular a caft, that her face had no feature, no look to which criticism could point as fufceptible of improvement, or on which admiration could dwell with more delight than on the reft. No ftatuary could have modelled her form with more exquifite fymmetry; no painter have harmonised her complexion with greater brilliancy of colouring. But here ended the liberality of nature, which, in not fullying this fair workmanthip by inclofing in it what was bad, contentedly left it vacant of whatever was noble and defirable.

The beauty of Camilla, though neither perfect nor regular, had an influence fo peculiar on the beholder, it was hard to catch its fault; and the cynic connoiffeur, who might perfevere in feeking it, would involuntarily furrender the strict rules of art to the predominance of its loveliness. Even judgement itself, the coolest and last betrayed of our faculties, fhe took by furprife, though it was not till fhe was abfent the feizure was detected. Her difpofition was ardent in fincerity, her mien untainted with evil. The reigning and radical defect of her character an imagination that admitted of no controul-proved not any antidote a gainst her attractions; it caught, by its force and tire, the quick-kindling admiration of the lively; it poffeffed by magnetic perfuafion, the witchery to create fympathy in the moft ferious.

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