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pear unrivalled. To the greateft genius, he joined the most unremitting application. One proof of this cannot fail to be noticed, which is, that in lefs than 14 months he collected materials, compofed, and prepared for the prefs, his whole History of England: an effort to which his narrow and straitened circumstances might have directed him, but to which nothing but the most dif

tinguished abilities, and the most vigorous application, could have been equal. He married a Jamaica lady, and by her had an only daughter, who was cut off in the bloom of youth. After a life chequered by a variety of incidents, he died at Leghorn, whether he had gone for the recovery of his health, in 1771, in the 51ft year of his age.

ANECDOTES OF PERSONS CONNECTED WITH THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.

CONTINUED FROm page 659.

CHABOT WAS born at St Deniez Dolor in 1759, appointed a deputy to the Convention in 1773, and executed at Paris on the 5th of April 1794, in confequence of being implicated in a confpiracy with Danton. He was a friar in his youth, a hypocrite in his manhood; but, like the French in general, who die perhaps better than they live-he fuffered like a hero. In allufion to his drefs, he was here termed by a familiar alliteration, the Shabby Chabot. One of the best judges in Europe fpeaks of him thus: "Chabot ne démentit point la poltronnerie d'un prêtre, ni l'hypocrifie d'un capucin?"

CHAMPFORT

different countries of Europe, and being rich, noble, and fprightly, he was every where received with attention.

While in England, he frequently vifited Mr Burke, to whom he was introduced by means of letters from fome very learned and refpectable men on the continent.

M. Cloots was not only the nephew of a man of letters, but actually a man of letters himself. In 1792, he published a small octavo volume, entitled, "La République Univerfelle, ou Addreffe aux Tyrannicides," which was printed at Paris in the "the fourth year of the redemption," and had "veritas atque libertas," by way of motto. Voltaire, having ftyled himself Is one of the men of letters of the old the representative of philofophers, the School, who declared themselves, from author pretends to be" the reprefentathe very beginning, for the revolution. tive of the oppreffed," and claims an On the difmiffion of M. d'Ormeffon, "univerfal apoftleship for the gratuitous who had been appointed by the King, he defence of the millions of flaves, who was made one of the joint keepers of groan from one pole to the other." In the national library, with a falary of this tract, he afferts that nations are not 1661. 10s. 4d. per annum; and put to be delivered by the blade of a poniard, himself to death, in the old Roman but by the days of truth: "teel can manner, foon after, to avoid the tyranny kill only the tyrant, but tyranny itself of Robespierre.

may be destroyed by knowledge."

ANACHARSIS CLOOTS Cloots was a great advocate for one Was born in Cleves. Although a Pruf- common language, and fo well convinfian, a baron, and a man of fortune, he ced of the neceffity of one univerfal gofeems to have imbibed, while yet a boy, vernment, that he deems two funs above a tafte for liberty; and, indeed, not- one horifon, or a pair of gods in heawithstanding his fingularities and extra- ven, not more abfurd than two feparate vagances, he never appears to have be- nations upon earth?

lied his original opinions. At an early

Anacharfis, a Pruffian by birth, a

period of life, he travelled into all the Frenchman by adoption, and a citizen VOL. LVIII.

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of

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of the world by choice, at last found gratify all parties; for while a citizen
means to become a member of the Na- of Geneva preached up tyranny in one
tional Convention. On the great quef- part, M. de la Harpe, although born
tion refpecting the death of the King, within the very clutches of French def-
he voted in the affirmative; and with potifm, adorned the literary department,
the fame breath paffed fentence on the which had been confided to his charge,
houfe of Brandenbourg, and Louis with the most animated and brilliant
XVI." Et je condamne pareillement à paffages in favour of liberty.
mort l'infame Frederic Guillaume!"

Soon after this he was implicated in
the affair of Pere Duchefae, arrested,
fent to prison, and as Robespierre never
forgave, he was put to death on the
24th of March 1794. It is but juftice
to ftate, that he continued faithful to
his principles, and that he appears to
have died innocent. It is not a little
fingular, that he infifted on being the
laft prifoner executed that day, in order
to have an opportunity of inftilling prin-
ciples in the mind of each, by means
of a fhort harangue, which he pronoun-
ced as the fatal guillotine was about to
defcend on his neck.

MALLET DU PAN

Is a native and a citizen of Geneva.
This interefting little republic, which
is not more extenfive than fome of the
manors of our own nobility, has pro-
duced an astonishing number of illuf-
trious men, most of whom have been
at once the zealous defenders and en-
lightened propagators of human liberty.
To this, as to every other rule, there
are exceptions; for we know, that
Necker, D'Ivernois, and Mallet du
Pan, although they have each by turns
boafted of having been born in the com-
monwealth which produced Rouffeau,
yet have evinced no common enmity to
France, from the moment fhe abjured
monarchy. This feeming problem can,
however, be very eafily folved, when
it is recollected, that one has been late-
ly dubbed a knight by the fword of a
king; and that a fecond was the prime
minifter, and the laft the penfioner, of
a fovereign prince!

Mallet du Pan was the editor of the
political department of the "Mercure
de France." This journal was pub-
lished once a week, and had a moft
astonishing fale, as it was calculated to

After the revolution, it was not likely that M. du Pan fhould find a very fe cure afylum in France-no; he himself boasts that his papers were twice fealed up; that he was thrice affaulted; had three decrees iffued against him; and during four years, never went to bed with the hope of finding himself alive in the morning!

Having at length effected his escape from Paris, he retired to Bruffels, and in 1793 published his celebrated pamphlet called "Confiderations fur la Nature de la Revolution de France, & fur les Caufes qui en prolongent la Duree, &c." In this tract he loudly laments that the feparate views of the combined powers had rendered the fcheme for fubjugating France ineffec tual; and recommends to them, if they are yet capable of union in the common caufe of fovereigns, to fubftitute fraud in the place of force, and coax and wheedle that nation into flavery, which they were now unable to drive into bondage.

It is not a little remarkable, that this publication made a momentary im preffion on the combined courts, and that Lord Hood at Toulon, in exprefs oppofition to the conduct of the com mander in chief before Dunkirk, foon after declared that Great Britain was fighting for the restoration of Louis XVII, and the conftitution of 1789.

"Five hundred thousand valiant fol diers, and eighty fail of the line," exclaims the enraged author, " although aided and sustained by an inteftine war, have not hitherto been able to conquer ten leagues of territory from this fede ration of crimes, which has entituled itfelf the French Republic! The duration of fuch a struggle begins to ennoble

it

it-mankind, already aftonifhed, appear to forget the enormities of the Jacobins, by contemplating their refiftance. But a few months more, and a generation, already baftardized by egotism, will pafs from furprize to admiration!" On being driven from the Auftrian Netherlands, M. du Pan took refuge in Holland, and in May 1794 published at Leyden his "Dangers qui me nacent l'Europe." In this he recommends " une guerre à mort," a wifh in which he has been fince imitated by Earl Fitzwilliam, who has lately recommended a bellum internicenum; and in this tract he appears to be alarmed at the encreafing enthusiasm of the French, which, alluding to its effects, he very properly denominates "la tactique infernale." He recommends it to the allies to open the campaign of 1794 with the fiege of Lifle, and it is thus that this pious and reverend Chrif tian (for M. du Pan is an Abbe) wishes them to proceed: "Let the batteries play unceasingly on the devoted city; let not a fingle cold bullet be directed against it; let bombs be however preferred to red-hot balls, as being better calculated to attain the end propofed; let the number of charges each piece of artillery is capable of sustaining, be in

variably afcertained; and at the precife minute fixed upon, let them open their brazen throats, and launch affright, defolation, and death!"

As he is apprehenfive that nations may at length call their kings to account for all this wafte of blood and treasure, he recommends them to fmite their fubjects with the iron mace of authority, if they ever dare to murmur against a war in behalf of religion, morality, and fubordination.

The Abbe was not long permitted to remain within the Dutch territories; for even there he was followed by the much dreaded ca ira, and the Marseillois march, and finding himself safe in no country on that fide of the Rhine, he has paffed into the heart of Germany, and is now at Vienna.

We fhall take our leave of this extraordinary man, after tranflating his prediction relative to the New Republic; a prediction which time alone can verify or refute: "Born under the empire of liberty, and tutored in her school, I have been taught one truth, of which I am firmly convinced that France will be incapable of fupporting political freedom, without thirty years preliminary education!"

TOPOGRAPHY AND NATURAL

(To be continued.)

HISTORY OF SCOTLAND.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 691.

COUNTY OF LANARK.

LANARK is one of the most populous counties in Scotland. The fhires of West Lothian and Stirling bound it on the east; Dumbarton on the north; Renfrew and Ayrshires on the weft; and the thires of Dumfries and Edinburgh on the fouth. From N. to S. it meafures about 40 miles, and 35 from E. to W. The river Clyde rifes in the south eaft part of the county, and runs through the whole of it, dividing it nearly into two equal parts. From nearly the fame fource, rife alfo the rivers Tweed and Annan ; all taking oppofite courfes, fhows this to be the highest ground in fouth weft division of Scotland. Though

the town of Lanark gives its name to the county, yet it is far inferior to Glafgow in extent and elegance. The county has been divided into 3 wards; the fouthern one is commonly called Clydefdale. There is a very good road from Edinburgh to Lanark by Carnwath, where we fhall begin our defcription of the county.

CARNWATH. This is a populous and extenfive parish, being about 12 miles long and eight broad, containing 3000 inhabitants. The foil is very dif ferent in different parts of the parifh. On the holms or low grounds it is very productive, and lets at from 15s. to 30s. per acre; the whole produces of rent 5 K 2

about

about 5000l. Sterling yearly. The appears in many quarters. There is the Clyde, with the waters of Dippool and appearance of a flate quarry at DunfideHaugh run through this parish. From moor; at Craignethan there is a quarry its abounding in coal, iron-ftone, and of free-ftone, which takes a very fine clay, Wilfontown has been judiciously polish, and is beautifully veined. Sechofen for establishing a very extenfive veral attempts have been made to work iron work, on the plan of that at Car- the lead mines in Cumberhead hills, but ron. From fuch abundance of mi- hitherto unfuccefsfully. Befides the nerals, as might be expected, many whin rock, which composes the hills to fprings are tainted by them, and exhi- the weft, the bed of the river Clyde, bit mineral waters of various kinds, and almost all the ftones in the neighThere are no hills which attract no- bourhood, have a fingular appearance; tice by the height; the Leven feat particularly oppofite to Stonebyres, they is 1200 feet above the run of the Clyde, look as if they had been either fcorched CARSTAIRS. This parish is about or in fufion, many have a heterogeneous 27 miles weft from Edinburgh; it is appearance, others have stones of a dif6 miles long, and 3 in breadth, and ferent quality adhering to them, and as contains about 930 inhabitants. The if imbedded while they had been in a high ground is a mixture of clay and fluid ftate: These are strong indicapeat earth, the low ground is a fharp gravelly foil. Agriculture is in a low ftate in this parish. There are the veftiges of a Roman camp, on a rifing ground near the Clyde, where lately various coins and veffels were dug up. It feems to be the only one in this part of the country.

tions of volcanic eruptions at a remote period. Our bounds hinder a particular detail; but the mineralogift will be amply repaid for his vifit to this parish, both on account of the natural beauties, and the variety of minerals with which it abounds.

LAMINGTON. This parish, fituated LESMAHAGOE is a very large parish, on the east banks of the river Clyde, is extending in length about 14 miles, 9 or bout 7 miles in length, and from 3 to 10 of which ly on the banks of the 4 in breadth, and contains about 420 Clyde, and take in the Falls at Bonni- inhabitants. Of 9c00 acres, only 200 ton, Corhoufe, and Stonebyres, to be are in tillage, the remainder are chiefly defcribed below; the banks in various in fheep pafture. No minerals have places exhibit landfcapes, fometimes been difcovered here. In this parish beautiful, fometimes grand and fublime. are shown the veftiges of feveral Roman The foil is various, in fome places camps. clay prevails, in others a rich mould, LIBBERTON. This parish is of a in others again it is light and gravel- triangular form, 7 miles in breadth and ly; on the weft quarter it it moor- 4 in length, and contains 750 inhabiifh, and rifes gradually to hills and tants. The furface is various. On mountains. There are a confiderable the banks of the Clyde the foil here is, number of rivers of a small fize; the as every where elfe, deep and fertile, Logan, Nethan, Penicle, Kype, and owing to the inundations and flowings Calner, are all well furnished with trout. of the river. Towards the east the Coal is wrought in different parts of the country rifes. It rents from 10s. to parish, and at Blair there is a fine feam 25s. per acre. The highest ground is of kennel or candle coal, as hard and Quothquanlaw, which rifes about 600 fmooth almost as jet. Lime-ftone is in feet above the level of Clyde. Around great abundance, fome ftrata 30 feet in the village the veftiges of fortifications thickness, fome fo hard, that it may are vifible, and many tumuli are every be reckoned a marble, and many con- where feen. There is coal in this patain a variety of petrifactions. Marl too rish, though none prefently working. has lately been found; and iron-ftone

LANARK.

LANARK. This parish ftretches 5 taining fmall veins of rich iron ore : miles along the eastern banks of the This will probably be found to be the Clyde; its breadth is about 3. The matrix of fome more precious metal. furface is, in general, pretty flat, but Sir William Lockhart of Lee, the statef the banks from Bonniton Fall, on both man and general under the Protector, fides of the Clyde, are precipitous and and Charles 11. and who was alfo rocky; they are well fringed, however, Lord Juftice Clerk, was born in this with natural wood. The higheft ground parish. The prefent Lord Juftice Clerk, is about 760 feet above the level of the (M'Queen of Braxfield) was born, fea. The town itself is 656 feet above and received the first rudiments of his the quay at the new bridge of Glasgow. education here. As this parish conThe fouth and eaft parts of the parish tains, perhaps, as much curious, beauare, in general, a light gravelly foil; in tiful, and romantic fcenery as any in the north and weft the prevailing cha- Scotland, we fhall transcribe what is racter is clay. Lanark, which is a faid of these from the accurate and royal burgh, is pleasantly fituated upon well-written report of this parish by the flope of a rifing ground, and may be confidered as a pretty neat country town, containing 2260 inhabitants. The chief manufactures are the making of stockings and fhoes. About a mile from the town, a new village has arifen fince the year 1784, under the aufpices of the patriotic Mr David Dale. Here are the most extensive cotton mills, perhaps, in the island. There are four houfes built for the purpose of spinning, each of which is above 130 feet long; the fecond, the only one completely filled, contains about 6000 spindles. It is believed that there is above 1400 people employed about thefe mills. Among the remarkable things in this parish, may be mentioned the veftiges of fome strong holds called Caftledykes, about a mile north of the town; they are built without lime or mortar, and no fuperftructure appears above them. Subterraneous buildings of a fimilar kind have been difcovered in different places; they were probably the temporary abodes or lurking places of the ancient Britons. At Cleghorn may be traced a Roman camp, fuppofed the work of Agricola. There is no coal in this parish yet discovered. In the water-runs are found pieces of limestone; there is no freestone in the parish. The rock which prevails, is a micaceous whinftone. Pieces of beautiful jafper are occafionally met with; and in Jervifwood grounds, there was lately discovered a seam of quartz, con

Mr William Lockhart, as published in Sir John Sinclair's Statistical Account, vol. 15." The falls of Clyde prin cipally intereft the ftranger, and we fhall begin with the uppermost one, al though to come at it, we are obliged to pass the fecond fall, or Corra Lin. The uppermost one is fomewhat above 24 miles from Lanark, and from the eftate in which it is fituated is called the Bonniton Fall or Lin *. From Bonniton house, a very neat and elegant modern building, you arrive at the Lin, by a moft romantic walk along the Clyde, leaving the pavilion, and Corra Lin, on your right hand. At fome little distance from the fall, the walk, leading to a rock that juts out and overhangs the river, brings you all at once within fight of this beautiful fheet of water; but no ftranger rests fatisfied with this view; he ftill preffes onwards along the walk, till from the rock immediately above the Lin, he fees the whole body of the river pre- ́ cipitate itself into the chafm below. The rock over which it falls is upwards of 12 feet of perpendicular height, from which the Clyde makes one precipitate tumble, or leap into a hollow den; whence fome of it again recoils in froth, and fmoking mist. Above, the river

* The word Lin has not hitherto been

explained by any writer. It is no other then the Gaelic word Leum, i. e. leap or fall, differently fpelt and pronounced.

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