Vannutelli were averse to moderate measures, whilst Bartoli yielded to all the caprices of the Court. They afterwards elected Galli as Pro-Minister of Finance, Monsignor Savelli as Minister of the Interior, the Consistorial Advocate Gian Santo Minister of Grace and Justice, and later on, Camillo Jacobini Minister of Commerce and Public Works. Courageous, harsh, and violent, the Corsican Savelli had long enjoyed the reputation, and well he merited it, of being covetous and avaricious; he had good sense, was energetic, and not troubled by scruples in the choice of means suited to secure fortune and profit to himself and the clergy, and trouble and defeat to his enemies. Head of the brigands who had disturbed the province of Ascoli and the neighbouring districts, he rewarded them as soon as the Government was restored, not through their efforts indeed, but by foreign aid; he gave the priest Taliani 10,000 scudi, to others he gave smaller sums, and placed some in situations in the police and the army. As Commissioner for the Marches, he pocketed the pay of seven delegates, because there were seven provinces under his jurisdiction, and he would be paid in gold and silver, not paper. Gian Santo had the reputation of being a man of the strictest integrity. He was entirely devoted to the Pope and the Government, and opposed to novelties. Jacobini, an honest farmer and a wine merchant, was of a yielding, easy disposition, a man inclined to good, and not susceptible of hatred or bad passions. These were the Governors. CHAPTER II. BEDINI.-TERMS MONSIGNOR OF HIS MANIFESTO.- RESOLUTIONS COURT OF CENSORSHIP.-COURT MAMIANI. TROUBLES OF PANTALEONE. THE FRENCH GENERALS AND ENVOYS.-NOTICES RESPECTING THE JEWS IN ROME —SIEGE AND SEARCH OF THE GHETTO.— REMARKS.—GENERAL OUDINOT AT GAETA. HIS NOTE TO THE POPE.-THE ANSWER.-ANNOYANCE FELT BY THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT.-LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC TO EDOUARD NEY.-PROCEEDINGS OF NEY AT ROME. GENERAL ROSTOLAN.-HIS WORDS. MONSIGNOR BEDINI, who, in the quality of Commissioner Extraordinary, governed the four Legations, was a young prelate, born at Sinigallia, in a humble rank of life; he was of an avaricious disposition, meddling, courteous, inclined first to liberal demonstrations, then to illiberal deeds. He was beloved by Pius IX., but, as Commissioner for the Pope, he had not enjoyed either complete or extensive power, for Gorzhowski, who styled himself the civil and military Governor, domineered in such a way, that Monsignor Bedini was made to appear more like the puppet of Austria than as a Pontifical prelate. The Manifesto of the 26th May, which settled the basis of government, was signed by Gorzhowski first, and then by the prelate; it provided that the commission should be assisted by four Councillors, selected, one for each province; that every province should be governed by a delegate, with a governing Committee; that the secrecy of letters should be inviolate; the censorship of the press restored; the different functionaries reinstated in the situations which they had held up to the 16th of November; that the municipal bodies should be temporarily retained; and the new provisions made for mortgages, and the tariff, established. At first, Monsignor Bedini sought the counsel of men of reputation, nor did he seem averse to the friends of free institutions; but on the 14th of June, the Municipal Council having resolved to send a deputation to Gaeta, to request the maintenance of the Constitutional Statute from his Holiness, and the establishment of a national body of troops, so that the foreign occupation might cease as soon as possible, and finally to request that a union or alliance with the other Italian princes might be formed, the Commissioner wrote to the Magistrates, reminded them bitterly of the vote they had recorded on the 1st of May against ecclesiastical rule, intimated that it was unbecoming in them, and displeasing to himself and to their Prince, that the very same Council should resolve to intercede for liberal promises, and the selfsame Magistrates go to Gaeta as intercessors, and finished by saying that he could not therefore accede to their scheme. The Council replied, that on the 1st of May they had taken the only measures which were compatible with the condition in which the City and the State then were, and that their conduct merited praise, not reproof, for that as they had been forced at the command of the Government, and by popular tyranny, to take a part, they had passed a vote which was neither favourable to the Republic nor absolutely contrary to the temporal dominion of the Pope; they had only declared themselves opposed to a special mode of that Government, a mode which all the Potentates of Europe had disapproved for a long time past by solemn protocols, and which the Prince himself had, so to speak, utterly condemned. If it should be more agreeable to Monsignor Bedini, they would wait until the Pope should return to his State, before they made their wishes known to him; but meantime they believed that the expression of the wishes and hopes of the majority could never be unacceptable to the august Prince, who had taken care, in his encyclical letter, always to separate the factious agitators among his subjects, from the majority who were well intentioned and moderate. "To so benevolent a pontiff as Pius IX.," they wrote, "the ingratitude and perversity of some, can never prove an obstacle to the good of all. It cannot be displeasing to that illustrious Reformer, entirely intent on securing the happiness of the people confided to him by Providence, to find that, after so many painful vicissitudes, and so many misfortunes, the peaceful and lasting reestablishment of his kingdom has become possible. The fundamental idea of the Council, by which it truly expresses the opinion of the whole city. and we may venture to add, of the State, is that of a real and lasting concord between Prince and people. This concord has for its basis, the maintenance of the constitutional privileges already granted to these provinces, desirous to be governed in the same mode as that which obtains at the present day amongst all civilised nations." The prelate answered anew, that they had better delay the expression of their wishes to a more favourable opportunity; and advised that the deputation should content themselves for the present with a simple testimony of homage and devotion. On which Zannolini, the senator, took his departure for Gaeta, accompanied by Count Carlo Marsili, and Gaetano Zucchini, all excellent men, who ought to have been dear to the Pope, if those had been dear to him who maintained their fidelity intact, in the midst of so many dangers, and in spite of so many opposite examples. They were courteously received at Gaeta, but soon perceived that the Court did not give them credit for the fidelity which they had maintained towards the Statute, nor for their wish to restore it; and on their return to Bologna, they learnt that the Commissioner had received orders to dismiss and dissolve the Municipality. In consequence of which, the Council unanimously passed the following resolution by ballot at their last sitting: "The Communal Council, in conformity with the declarations already put forth, feels it to be its duty, in the act of its being dissolved, to reiterate the expression of the wishes and desires of the country. "It is firmly persuaded that the restoration of the Prince |