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at the head of the Bavarians and Wirtemburghers*.

The day on which the battle of Echmuhl was fought, Bessieres, with the Bavarian division under Wrede, and Molitor's division, proceeded to the Inn, in pursuit of the two corps of the archduke Lewis, which had retreated from Landshut. Istria passed through Welsburg, taking a few prisoners and carriages, and arrived at Neumarck, where he was checked by the Austrians, who having been reinforced, advanced to the latter place, and attacked the enemy. Nevertheless, he reached Burghausen on the 28th, and on the 30th, crossed the river with the division of Montebello, who had joined him. The corps of Massena set out from Ratisbonne on the 24th, and passing thro' Straubing, arrived at Passau on the 26th. Scherding was at the same time occupied by a detachment from his corps. On the 25th, Montebello marched with his corps from Ratisbonne to Muhldorf, on the Inn, and thence pro

ceeded to the river Salza. On the

*The following proclamation of Buonaparte was issued from his bead-quarters at Ratisbonne, on the 24th of April.

"Soldiers! You have justified my expectations. You have made up for numbers by your bravery. You have glo. riously marked the difference that exists between the soldiers of Cæsar, and the armed cohorts of Xerxes. In a few days we have triumphed in the three battles of Tann, Abersperg, and Echmuhl, and in the actions of Peising, Landshut, and Ratisbonne. One hundred pieces of cannon, 40 standards, 50.000 prisoners, 300 waggons harnessed for baggage, all the chests of the regiments-such is the result of the rapi. dity of your march and your courage. The enemy, besotted by a perjured cabinet, seemed no longer to preserve any recollection of us; their waking has been prompt; you have appeared to them more terrible than ever. Lately they crossed the Inn, and invaded the territory of our allies; lately they presumed to carry the war into the heart of our country. Now, defeated and dismay ed, they fly in disorder; already my advanced guard has passed the Inn-before a month is elapsed we shall be in Vienna. "NAPOLEON,"

June 1809.

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27th, the tyrant's head-quarters were at Muhldorf, where we will leave him for the present, to review the operations of marshal Jellachich's corps on the left of the army of archduke Lewis. This general, after having skirted the Tyrol, where he issued a proclamation*, pushed forward to Munich, which he occupied. But, after the disasters of the Austrian army between the Danube and the Iser, he retreated, and the 2d and 3d bulletins mention, that he was pursued by the Bavarian corps under Wrede, as far as Lauffen, on the Salza, where he had sufficient time to cross the river, and to burn the bridge. On the 29th, Wrede's division reached Saltzburg, after having a slight affair with the advanced posts of Jellachich's corps.

* General Fellachich's proclamation to the inhabitants of the Tyrol.

"Tyrolese! You are still that which you were formerly. The time is approaching in which you will be recalled to that state of prosperity, to that genuine liberty which you were wont to enjoy under the benignant govern ment of Austria. If the voice of that general, whom you have honoured by acknowledging as your countryman, and who, in the year 1799, by the vic tory of Feldkirch, saved you from imminent danger, and in the following year rendered your frontiers, from Al. resberg to the valley of Karabendel, impenetrable to the attacks of the enemy; if this is not effaced from your recollection, listen to my words; listen, my lawful sovereign, your father, I ought countrymen, and be convinced. Your rather to say, seeks you; place your selves under his banners; his heart bleeds to see you under the dominion of a stranger. You, his children, become again the sons of Austria, do not undervalue that glorious appellation. The Austrian army, more numerous than ever, more inspired, more patriotic, on entering your frontiers, receive of the same father; rally round their them as your brothers, as the children standards, follow the glories of all the subjects of the throne of Austria.God protect you. "DE BUZIN, Lieut. Field Marshal, &c."

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when his dispatch from his head quarters at Sacille, of April 17. was sent off, Besides this number of prisoners, the French lost in killed and wounded more than seven thousand men, sixteen pieces of cannon, and three standards. It is exquisitely gratifying to find that even the French journalists acknowledge their defeat in a manner too unequivocal to be mistaken. They say, that their troops, "though inferior in numbers to the enemy, executed the orders, and fulfilled the intentions of Beau harnois ;"-which they might certainly do, by taking to their heels with all possible expedition. It appears that Eugene was frightened out of his wits, for the French accounts say that he remained upon the bridge during the whole action; and when it was over, that is, when the Austrians retrograded, the French also retrograded, and repassed the Piave, admitting that they had 1,500 men killed. The official journal of Milan, April 29th, states that the persons employed in the military depart

We must next turn our eyes to the operations of the archduke Ferdinand, who commands the Austrian army in Gallicia, composed of 40,000 men. On the 15th April H. I. H. transmitted to the Polish minister at war, prince Poniatowski, a printed declaration of war, together with a letter, in which he informed him, that 12 hours after the departure of the bearer of these dispatches, he should advance into the dutchy of Warsaw with the Austrian army. Immediately the archduke advanced, and took possession of the frontier town of Norvemiasto, on the river Pelica. The army of the dutchy, with the Saxon and French troops, superintended by Bernadotte, broke up from Warsaw, and advanced to meet him. Several conflicts took place, in which the Austrians were victorious. H. I. H. moved forward with great rapidity, and on the 19th, attacked the confederate army, and defeated it. The result was the evacuation of the city of Warsaw, by the enemy, who fell back to Kalish, while the van of the Austrians entered the city,ment, and those who follow the army, and the centre and rear on the follow. ing day.

On the side of Italy, the Austrian army, under the archduke John, has been very successful. With his army he entered the territory of Frioule, by Ponteba, Cividale, and Goritia, and after a fruitless opposition on the part of the enemy, he advanced on the 13th to the Tagliamento. The enemy, command. ed by Eugene Beauharnois, Bonaparte's vice in Italy, retired across the river, and fell back upon the troops in their rear at Sacille. In the night of the 14th, the archduke proceeded with his advanced guard towards Pardonne, followed at day-break by the remainder of the army. The advanced guard of the enemy was at Pardonne, and his army was posted between that place and Sacille, near Fontana. In this situation an action commenced, which, after a sauguinary contest of two days, termi nated entirely to the advantage of the Austrians. The result was so decisive, that the French could not maintain themselves behind the river Livenza, but were obliged to make a rapid retreat to the river Piave. The archduke took six thousand prisoners, among whom are generals Paze and Bressan, and more were continually arriving,

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were struck with such a panic after the
battle of the 16th, that they fled preci-
pitately beyond the Brenta, to the city
Vicenza." We may judge too of the
fright of the troops from another little
slip of the pen, as follows;
"their
flight gave birth to the most extrava-
gant reports, which, passing from mouth
to mouth, received such additions as is
always the case upon such occasions.
Those who are always anxious for revolu-
tionary proceedings, did not fail to take ad-
vantage of it. His highness issued a
proclamation this morning, command-
ing that all those who, in 48 hours, did
not return to their posts, should be tried"
by a military commission. It is certain
that our army maintains itself upon the
Piave." From this statement it is evi-
dent, that the consternation of the Ita-
lian army was so great after their de-
feat, that they were in a state of com-
plete disorganization; they were so ter-
rified, that they durst not venture again
across the Piave, and that the disaffec-
tion of the people to the usurper's go-
vernment is manifest from their dispo-
sition to take advantage of the disaster
which had befallen their oppressors, and
to bring about those "revolutionary
proceedings," the very idea of which
has become so obnoxious to the tender

nerves of the enlightened children of liberty and equality.

Upon the whole, from this analysis of the operations of the campaign, it is obvious, that the good and bad fortune of the combatants seem to be equally bafanced; consequently, the bloody battles in Bavaria are not likely to have any material influence upon the general issue of the war. Traversing the extensive theatre of conflict, from the shores of the Vistula to the banks of the Piave, we shall perceive that the Austrians have been every where successful, except in Bavaria; and that even the effects of the hard-fought battles there, have been by no means decisive, since the army of the archduke Charles is in too strong a force for the enemy to penetrate much further into the hereditary dominions, without being exposed to the imminent hazard of being entirely cut off.

Without alluding to the unexampled spirit of loyalty which pervades all orders of men throughout the hereditary dominions of the house of Austria, we know from the indubitable testimony even of those continental journals under the influence of France, and from the corroborating and more direct evi dence of Bonaparte's bulletins, that a storm is mustering against him in every part of Germany, that the flame of independence is blown into action, and that the ancient patriotic spirit of the Germans is once more up. This temper, and this spirit, are enemies far more difficult for him to encounter, than disciplined armies.

At Leipsic, whither the king of Saxony and his family had retired after they had left Dresden, during an illumination which took place on the 24th April, in celebration of Bonaparte's victory on the 20th, the populace assembled in great multitudes, and threw stones and balls of mud at the windows of the pa. lace. The same sentiment of indigna. tion was expressed in a similar manner against the windows of the houses of the ministers, and of such persons as were supposed to be favourable to the cause of the French. The police took no notice of these disorders, dexterously ascribing them to foreigners in a state of intoxication, by way of cloaking the real indignant spirit of the Saxons. In Hesse,aes sC an insurrection of a very

formidable description has broken out. Bonaparte adverts to it with savage fury in his third bulletin, wherein he accuses the Austrians of having invited the people to rebellion, forsooth, against their tyrants, whom he calls their sovereigns. The popular feeling predominates in Germany in favour of the Austrians. The insurrection in Hesse will either require a considerable body of French troops to be withdrawn from their grand army, in order to keep down the hostile mind of the Hessians, or that people will soon assume, from their known hatred to the French, a form and consistency sufficiently formidable to invite proselytes in other parts of Germany, and to demand the presence of a whole French army to subdue them. So great is the ardour of the Hessians, that thousands have flocked, according to the Moniteur, to Prague, where their legitimate sovereign, the elector of Hesse, has unfurled the standard of independence. The usurper, Jerome Bonaparte, calling himself king of Westphalia, has issued proclamations, and perpetrated many murders upon the patriotic Hessians; and some accounts state, that he has since been compelled to fly from his capital.

The enthusiasm of the Tyrolese, in the cause of their ancient sovereign, the emperor Francis, is a dreadful note of warning to Bonaparte. Without officers, without organization, without discipline, and almost without arms, this brave and faithful people, by a spontaneous movement, completely expelled their Bavarian oppressors from their country, after having made six thousand of them lay down their arms, and surrender prisoners of war. The subjoined report of lieutenant-general Taxis to the emperor of Austria will put the reader in possession of Bonaparte's prospects in the Tyrol *. Well may the French slaves, treating of what they call

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call "the incendiary proclamations of the Austrian generals," deprecate the spirst which actuates the ruffians in pay of Austria--" allies worthy of England.' In addition to these facts, the armaments in reserve which Austria has prepared to support her armies, are upon an unprecedented scale of magnitude. The Hungarian insurrection alone, headed by the archduke Palatine, and general Haddick, already amounts to 80,000 men. In Bohemia, besides the militia battalions, a corps of 10,000 chasseurs are forming; and in Poland, vast numbers of its oppressed inhabitants have joined the standard of the archduke Ferdinand. Lastly, we learn from dif

House. The brave Tyrolians, driven to despair by the extinction of their constitution, which had been preserved entire and inviolate under the dominion of your majesty, and that of your angust ancestors, took up arms on the ioth instant, attacked the Bavarian troops at Sterkingen, at Inspruck, at Hall, and at the convent of St. Charles, and after having killed or wounded more than 5co of the enemy, compel led them to surrender and capitulate. On the 12th, a body of about 3000 men, composed of French and Bavarian troops, presented themselves before Wildau, near Inspruck, and sustained a similar defeat to that of the former; and a reinforcement of French troops, which came up on the 13th, did not meet with a bet. ter fate. As prisoners are continually coming in, I am not as yet enabled to ascertain the number of them with precision; but there have already been brought in, and sent on their way to Saltzburgh, the French general Bisson, several officers of the staff, from 3,000 to 4,000 men of different descriptions, artillery, light infantry, &c. and likewise the Bavarian general Kunkel, colonel Ditford, 2 lieutenant-colonels, 2 majors, about 20 officers, and about 1,200 Bavarian troops.

"The loss of the enemy in cannon, colours, muskets, and money, is not yet exactly ascertained, because the peasants, in the enthusiasm of victory, have not yet brought in several articles of which they took possession. A considerable number of prisoners are brought in every other.moment, who have been dispersed in the different attacks."

ferent parts of Germany that the hospi tals are crowded with wounded French; and in an article from Frankfort of the 7th May, in confirmation of the losses which the French must have sustained in Bavaria, that Kellermann has received orders to break up his head-quar ters at Hanau, and to advance by rapid marches with the army of reserve under his command, to form a junction with the French grand army.

PORTUGAL.

We congratulate our Readers upon the expulsion of the French once more from Portugal. On the 22d of April, General Sir Arthur Wellesley landed at Lisbon from England, to resume the command of the united British and Por. tuguese armies. He was received with extreme joy by the inhabitants, and a splendid illumination took place. He set out on the 24th for the army, which had proceeded on its march for Oporto. The following dispatches to Lord Castlereagh contain the accounts of the General's complete success in driving the enemy back into Spain.

Oporto, May 12. 1809.

MY LORD-I had the honour to apprise your Lordship, on the 7th inst. that I intended that the army should march on the 9th from Coimbra, to dis possess the enemy of Oporto.

The advanced guard and the cavalry had marched on the 7th, and the whole had halted on the 8th, to afford time for Marshal Beresford, with his corps, to arrive upon the Upper Douro.

The infantry of the army was formed into three divisions for this expedition, of which two, the advanced guard, consisting of the Hanoverian Legion and Brigadier-General R. Stewart's brigade, with a brigade of six-pounders, and a brigade of three-pounders under Lieutenant-General Paget, and the cavalry under Lieutenant-General Payne, and the brigade of Guards; Brigadier-General Campbell's and Brigadier-General

brigades of infantry, with a brigade of six-pounders under Lieutenant General Sherbrooke, moved by the high road from Coimbra to Oporto, and one composed of Major-General Hill's and Brigadier-General Cameron's brigade of infantry, and a brigade of sixpounders, under the command of Ma

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jor Gen. Hill, by the road from Coimbra to Aveiro,

On the 10th, in the morning, before daylight, the cavalry and advanced guard crossed the Vonga, with the intention to surprise and cut off four regiments of French cavalry, and a battalion of infantry and artillery, cantoned in Albergatia Nova and the neighbouring villages, about eight miles from that river, in the last of which we failed; but the superiority of the British cavalry was evident throughout the day: We took some prisoners and their cannon from them; and the advanced guard took up the position of Oliviera.

On the same day Major-General Hill, who had embarked at Aveiro on the evening of the 9th, arrived at Ovar, in the rear of the enemy's right; and the head of Lieut.-General Sherbrooke's division passed the Vonga on the same evening.

On the 11th, the advanced guard and cavalry continued to move on the highroad towards Oporto, with Major-General Hill's division in a parallel road, which leads to Oporto from Ovar.

On the arrival of the advanced guard at Vendas Novas between Santo Redondo and Grijon, they fell in with the outposts of the enemy's advanced guard, consisting of about four thousand infantry, and some squadrons of cavalry, strongly posted on the heights above Grijon, their front being covered by woods and broken ground.-The enemy's left flank was turned by a movement well executed by Major General Murray, with Brigadier General Langworth's brigade of the Hanoverian Legion; whilst the 16th Portuguese regiment of Brigadier-Gen. Richard Stewart's brigade attacked their right, and the riflemen of the 95th, and the flank companies of the 29th, 43d, and 52d, of the same brigade, under Major Way, attacked the infantry in the woods and village in their centre.

These attacks soon obliged the enemy to give way; and the Hon. Briga dier-General Charles Stewart led two squadrons of the 16th and 20th dragoons, under the command of Major Blake, in pursuit of the enemy, and destroyed many, and took many prisoners. On the night of the 11th, the enemy crossed the Douro, and destroyed the bridge over that river.

It was important, with a view to the operations of Marshal Beresford, that I should cross the Douro immediately; and I had sent Major-General Murray in the morning with a battalion of the Hanoverian Legion, a squadron of cavalry, and two six-pounders, to endea vour to collect boats, and, if possible, to cross the river at Ovintre about four miles above Oporto; and I had as many boats as could be collected brought to the ferry, immediately above the towns of Oporto and Villa Nova.

The ground on the right bank of the river at this ferry is protected and commanded by the fire of cannon, placed on the height of the Sierra Convent at Villa Nova, and there appeared to be a good position for our troops on the opposite side of the river, till they should be collected in sufficient numbers.

The enemy took no notice of our collection of boats, or of the embarkation of the troops, till after the first battalion (the Buffs) were landed, and had taken up their position under the command of Lieutenant-General Paget on the opposite side of the river.

They then commenced an attack upon them, with a large body of cavalry, infantry, and artillery, under the command of Marshal Soult, which that corps most gallantly sustained, till supported, successively by the 48th and 66th regiments, belonging to Major General Hill's brigade, and a Portuguese battalion, and afterwards by the first battalion of detachments belonging to Brigadier-Gen. Richard Stewart's brigade.

Lieut. Gen. Paget was unfortunately wounded, soon after the attack commenced, when the command of these gallant troops devolved upon MajorGeneral Hill.

Although the French made repeated attacks upon them, they made no impression, and at last Major Gen. Murray having appeared on the enemy's left flank on his march from Ovintre, where he had crossed, and Lieutenant-General Sherbrooke, who by this time had availed himself of the enemy's weakness in the town of Oporto, and had crossed the Douro, at the ferry between the towns of Villa Nova and Oporto, having appeared upon the right with the brigade of Guards, and the 29th regiment, the whole retired, in the utmost

con.

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