The investigation of the various motions of the muscles of the face, as they appear to be affected by, or associated with the passions of the mind, seems to be the line of analysis most likely to lead to the discovery of the laws which regulate this extensive sympathy. But though it be true, that several emotions of the mind are pretty uniformly followed by corresponding actions of the muscles of the face; yet it should be recollected, that nothing is more flexible than the human countenance, and it is frequently difficult, if not impossible, to discriminate between the genuine suggestions of passion, and the diversified effects of habit or of imitation.

Although, therefore, it becomes a principal branch of this inquiry to endeavour to ascertain the nature of the motions of those "muscles which give form and character" to the hu man face, yet I am disposed to think, that in our physiognomical researches, we do not sufficiently attend to the more primary and permanent differences in those parts of the face which are but little affected by mus. cular motion, and which, from the uniformity of their arrangement, must be considered as modifying, in an eminent degree, the configuration and expression of the whole countenance.— Thus, it is a fact well ascertained, that the median line of the face, or a line passing through the centre of the forehead and the chin, would not, in almost a single instance, pass thro' the centre of the nose; or, in other words, there is hardly one individual who has his nose exactly in the middle of his face, but placed on one side or other of this median line. So far I am supported by anatomical facts, but what I wish chiefly to state is, that, according to my observation, four fifths of mankind have the apex of the nose on the right side of this line, and that those individuals who have it on the left side, are less amiable in their general character than

the others, and are peculiarly prone to the emotions of anger, and to sensual indulgence. I admit only of one exception to this general principle,and it is in the case of the "little turnedup nose" of Roxalana, whose fascinations overset Soliman II. *, and shewed the world what a nose could atchieve. In the female face a curling up of the nose with a slight twist to the left is sometimes accompanied with great acuteness, and a lively and mirthful turn of mind.

Could the truth of my proposition be once fairly established, it would lead to the most important consequen ces, and superede the necesity of that knowledge of character by experience which we find it so very difficult to acquire.

ANALECTA.

Z.

Athenaus

* Marmontel's Tales,

than

6. Dedication. Weiss dedicates his "Principes Philosophiques" in the following way: "A Mr ***. Si je connoissois un plus digne homme que vous, c'est à lui à qui je présenterois cet hommage." *

7. Education. A celebrated eastern philosopher begins his first dissertation with the following period; The perfect education of a great man consists in three points in cultivating and improving his understanding, in assisting and reforming his countrymen, and in procuring to himself the chief good, or a fixed and unalterable habit of virtue."

8. Active gratitude. Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon, a nobleman more distinguished by his genius. than by his illustrious birth, having been attacked in the night by three ruffians, who designed to assassinate him, was generously defended by an officer who chanced to pass by. Roscommon, full of gratitude for his brave defender, divested himselfimmediately in favour of him of his post of captain of the guards to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

9. A clock and a woman. Fontenelle being one day asked by a lord in waiting, at Versailles, what difference there was between a clock and a woman, instantly replied," A clock serves to point out the hours, and a woman to make us forget them.”

10. Gratitude is the memory of the heart.

11. Have you been in love? A country man having lost his ass, came to the Muezin or crier, desiring to give notice, at the door of the mosque. He did so three several festivals; but no news being heard of the animal, the owner urged him to continue his former proclamation, with the promise of a fat pig to the finder of the ass. The Muezin was a wag, and, tired with the fellow's importunity, one day when worship was ended, and the people flocked from the mosque, he made this proclamation:"If there be any man here amongst you, who will come forth, and solemnly profess he was never in love, he shall have a fat pig." An ungainly looking fellow, who stood leaning on his staff, bawled out, that he could safely take his oath, he was the person who had never been in love.

Whereupon the Muezin taking him by the sleeve, presents him to the countryman, saying, " Here, friend, I have found your ass, the pig is mine." 12. Miser.

Quoth Hassan, angry at his mule, That dropt a dinner to the crows. Ebn Abrumi.

13. Heretic. Whitgift, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, staid with an aunt when at school. He refused it seems to accompany her to Mass., She imputed all her losses and misfortunes to the harbouring of such an heretic within her doors; and for a farewell told him, that she thought at the first she had received a saint into her house, but now she saw he was a devil. Sir Geo. Paul. 14. Temperance. Plato seeing a young spendthrift eating bread and water at the door of an inn where he had squandered his estate, said to him,

Young man, if you had dined more moderately, you need not have supped so poorly."

15. Agriculture is much less an art than an admirable reunion of many very distinguished arts. Jovellanos.

16. Grotius, at 8 years old, made verses, and performed his public exercises in philosophy: before 15 he put forth his comment upon Martianus Capella at 16 he pleaded causes; and at 17 he put forth his command upon Aratus.

17. Philetas of Coos was an excellent poet and critic in the time of Alexander the Great, but he had a body of such exceeding leanness and light ness, that he commonly wore shoes of lead, and carried lead about him, lest at some time or other he should be blown away by the wind. Athenæus. 18. Who have a right to call themselves Esquires?-1. All younger sons of viscounts and barons: all sons of earls, marquises, and dukes. 2. Esquires of the king's body. 3. Eldest sons of younger sons of barons, 4. Esquires created by putting a collar about their neck, and bestowing on them a pair of silver spurs. 5. Persons in superior office; as, serjeants at law, justices, mayors, counsellors, batchelors of divinity, law, or physic. high sheriffs, &c. 6. Gentlemen

KNOW of nothing which more perplexes and confounds the good people of this country than those compositions, so widely circulated, and so universally read, bearing the title of French Bulletins. Various are the opinions entertained on the subject of these extraordinary productions: while some set them altogether at nought; and others, eager to prove the soundness of their own gloomy predictions, swallow every word as if it were an oracle. Neither of these are in the right; for though these documents are not wholly authentic, they are far from being wholly fictitious; they are not true, but truth may generally be extracted out of them. To forward this desirable process, I beg leave to subjoin a few observations on those particulars in which they may generally be depended on, and vice

versa.

The truth is, when we consider the state of thraldom in which the French

pres

press is held, it seems rather wonderful that they should be so correct as they are. Considerable pains seem to be taken to avoid any error which could be obvious to the French people. For this reason, the positions of the armies are always correctly stated: nor, in the whole course of these communications, do I recollect a single deviation from this rule.This is the polar star to guide us thro' the maze of military operations. With a map before us, we can always see which party has advanced, and which retired, or whether they both retain their original positions. This may not appear indeed in the bulletin which gives the battle, but it always will in that which immediately succeeds. The only case in which it fails us, is that of a retreating army, which of course, whatever may be the result of any actions that may take place in the course of its retreat, must always have the appearance of being beaten.

When we have granted this to our French composers, it will be difficult to discover much more, on which any dependance can be placed. The subject on which they are generally most prone to enlarge, is that of the loss sustained by their enemies. On this subject their invention is pretty copious, yet there are limits to it. The whole army must have some idea whether the number of killed and wounded, and still more whether that of prisoners be great or small. This idea, however, must be very vague; a few only, and those in the confidence of government, can have the means of taking any accurate account. So far as I have been able to calculate, we shall in general be pretty safe, if we take about one half of the number stated. Cannon and standards seem less easily disguised, as they will probably be exhibited to the army as trophies, and accordingly in the late battle of the Raab, the slender amount of these compared to the killed

and prisoners, he pays a doubtful and imperfect victory.

It is also an object of great curiosity to know, in any action, the amount of the troops engaged on both sides. It is thus that we estimate both the abilities of the general and the valour of the army. This is a subject, however, in which governments, in general, are very little communicative; and even where they do break silence, their communications can seldom be much depended upon. Unfortunately their interest is quite opposite in different cases; according as the estimate is made before, or after the engagement. Thus the army of Italy, on its first arrival, amounted to 60,000 men; being then reinforced by Lauriston's division, it was swelled, after the battle of the Raab, to 35,000! I do not mean to say, however that these variations are confined to the French reports; on the contrary, they are pretty general. The Russian armies, in particular, commonly dwindle at least to half the number originally announced.

With regard to the loss sustained by the French army, I do not find that the writers lie under the least restraint of shame or decency. Here the temptation to falsify is so powerful, as to overcome every scruple.Not only must the people of France be impressed with the importance and facility of the success, but the reluctant and trembling conscript must be encouraged by the apparent smallness of the danger. If however the pretended number bore any uniform proportion to the real number, we might be able, in some degree, to come at the truth. But I do not find that