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by his Majesty to remove the cause on which that measure had been originally founded, would afford but an inauspicious omen for the commencement of a system of mutual conciliation; and the omission of any notice of that measure, in the proposal which Mr Pinckney has been instructed to bring forward, would have been, of itself, a material defect in the overtures of the President.

But the undersigned is commanded no further to dwell upon this subject, than for the purpose of assuring Mr Pinckney, that on this, and every other, point in discussion between the two Governments, his Majesty earnestly desires the restoration of a perfect good under standing, and that his Majesty would.

decl ne no measure for the attainment of that object, which should be compatible with his own honour and just rights, and with the interest of his people. (Signed) GEORGE CANNING,"

At a general meeting of the Federal republican young men of the city of New York, convened by public notice, on Saturday the 12th November, the following re-" solutions were unanimously agreed to.

"Resolved, That the embargo is an oppressive and ruinous measure, operating only with destructive energy on ourselves, while it has rendered us objects of the contempt and ridicule of that nation against which it was invidiously directed, but whose interest it now particularly subserves.

Resolved, That its continuance, in the present state of the world, will tend to the complete prostration of the agricultural and commercial interests of our country.

66

Resolved, That, dreading the conse-" quence of seeking redress of our grievances in any other than a constitutional way, we pledge ourselves to each other, and to our suffering fellow-citizens, to use all our zeal, influence, and activity, to promote a change of men, by which alone we can expect a change of measures."

A private letter from New York, says, "So general is the expectation that Congress will soon raise the embargo, that all the produce of the country now coming into this city. Already the stores are full, and many of the wharfs are loaded with immense piles of beef, pork, &c. than 100 sail of vessels are now loading

here.

Not less

We have before us a list of American vessels taken by the French under circumstances of peculiar aggravation. The contempt, indeed, with which the policy of the Government of the United States is view

ed by Bonaparte, becomes every day more manifest. The flag of the former is no longer respected by the French cruizers. They make prize of American vessels, wherever they meet with them. Two vessels which had sailed from New-York for the West Indies in October, under the President's licence, were met with on their return home by three French privateers, who took out their whole cargoes, consisting of dollars to a considerable amount, rum, sugar, coffee, and stript the ships of their provisions, and their crews of their cloaths; after which they sunk one, and let the other go. To all representations and remonstrances against the injustice of such proceed"An embargo ings, the constant answer is, exists in America, and no vessel can legally ther an impostor, or have broken the laws depart from thence. You are therefore eiof your own country, and under these circumstances are a fair object of capture." Bonaparte has also litely shown a disposi-'

tion to make American seamen contribute to his purposes in the same way that he has the inhabitants of the countries he has overrun, to his military strength. The crews of several American ships that have been carried into ports subject to France, have had the option given them, either to be considered as prisoners, and treated as such, or to enter on board the French ships of Several of them have preferred the latter. Against these atrocious and tyrannical proceedings, Gen. Armstrong is understood to have strongly, but ineffectually remonstrated.

war.

CONTINUANCE OF THE EMBARGO.

The latest intelligence from America was brought to England by the Chesterfield packet, which left New York on the 15th December. No hope can now be entertained of the adjournment of the present differences.

The debate on Mr Chittenden's mo

tion continued for several days. It was at length decided by a large majority of Congress, for the continuance of the embargo. A Committtee of the House of Representatives had proposed to the House the passing of a non-intercourse act, prohibiting for a time to be limited, the entrance of any armed or unarmed vessel, belonging to Great Britain or hibiting the admission of goods or ma France, into the ports of America-pronufactures, the produce of the two countries, or their colonies; and, in fine, putting an end to all intercourse with them. The Committee declare, that it is not for the dignity of the United States to

sub

submit to the decrees and orders in reported, it has been ascertained that there

Council of the belligerent Powers.

On the other hand, a report of the Committee appointed by the Massachusetts Legislature, to consider the expediency of adopting measures for the repeal of the embargo,laws, has been published. After a long detail of the reasons by which they are influenced, the Committee, in two resolutions, recommend most strongly, that the represen tatives of Massachusetts, in Congress, be instructed to oppose the continuance of the embargo, and deprecate the prolongation of a war with any country upon a mere point of diplomatic usage or equivocal right.

The Embargo and non-importation acts, have, however, become more palatable to the people, since a great majority of both Houses of Congress have declared in their favour. Mr Maddison kad been elected President, and Mr Clinton Vice President, by vast majo rities; and as they are, both supporters of Mr Jefferson's politics, the above acts are to be enforced under the most rigorous penalties. Ships applying for coasting licenses must grant bond for treble value of ship and cargo to perform the voyage,-the failure in which would be followed by levying the penal ties without any mitigation. Ships which were loading in hopes of the, removal of the embargo, had begun to unload. Smuggling with Canada, is prohibited also under severe penalties. In short, all intercourse is at an end between America and Europe, except by established packet boats for the carriage of let

ters.

PERSIA.

In consequence of the urgent necessity ef adopting the most prompt measures to counteract the intrigues of the French at the Court of Persia, Gen. Malcolm, who, from his accurate knowledge of the language and country, is far the fittest person to be at the head of a mission to that Court, had set out before Sir Harford Jones, who had been sent out from England with a view to the same object, had arrived at Bombay. We have received accounts of the General having landed in safety at Bushire, and having sent on Mr Pasley to announce Ais approach.

Instead of 300 Frenchmen, as had been

ence.

were only 30 at the Court of Persia. Who they are, or of what rank or description, we have not been able to learn; but from the known intrigues and activity of their nation, it is to be feared it will be matter of much difficulty to counteract their influIt is clearly the policy of Persia to keep on good terms with the power at the head of affairs in India, without making itself a party in any contest of rival Europeans. Still there is considerable apprehension that the baits held out by the French, though delusive, may at first sight be so alluring as to procure a co-operation. To Gen. Malcolm's ability we trust for representing that such a co operation, if successful, would tend only, as it has invariably done in Europe, to establish a power which would evince its gratitude to those that assisted in its elevation, only by making them the first objects of humiliation and oppression."

TURKEY.

The late revolution in Turkey holds out a very flattering prospect, not only for this country, but for Europe. Bairacter, the chief actor in it, is a bold, shrewd, enterprising man, equal to the times in which he has appeared, and the situation he has attained. It is supposed he has been chosen and elevated by the great religious Council, which in fact possesses the power of the State, as a fit instrument in their hands to resist the plans of partition of the Turkish Empire, which have come to their knowledge, and to defeat the ambitious designs of France, as well as of Russia. Bairacter declares it his wish to be at peace with all the world, and that his greatest object is to preserve inviolate the integrity of the Empire of the Ottomans. Hence Mr Adair found an easy admission into Constantinople, where he has been well received, a fact which the Moniteur at first denied, though now it admits it. About the 10th of October, Mr Adair presented himself at the Dardanelles; to which place a rowboat of sixteen oars cane from Constantinople to receive him with due form and respect. Arrived at Constantinople, he was surrounded by all the old English Dragomans or interpreters, and the last accounts left him highly satisfied with his situation, confident of succeeding in his mission. The knowledge of the principles of the new Government had induced most of the English merchants to return to Smyrna from Malta, and great quantities of goods had been sent thither. Bairacter had even carried his system of neutrality so far, as to order that

that English ships of war should not be moJested in attacking French ships of war in any of the ports of the Archipelago. This is equivalent to a declaration of war against France. He has beheaded the Governor of the forts of the Dardanelles, notoriously in the French interest, and has put many others to death whom he suspected of being inimical to his designs. Such is his boldness, and the terror with which he is beheld, that he frequently seizes a chief officer at the head of his troops, in presence of whom the officer is instantly beheaded. He had summoned a Grand Council of all the Pachas of the Empire (Governors of the provinces) as well of Asia as of Europe, to be held at Adrianople about the end of November. Against such as declined coming, with their troops too, he was immediately to send a force to displace them. Before this Council he was to lay the facts of which he was possessed, respecting the dismemberment of the Turkish Empire, and to propose the necessary measures for self-protection. Such as opposed him it was believed he would put to death on the spot. The place of meeting marks his design of resisting Russia. It was supposed

some of the Northern Pachas next the Rus

sian territories would decline appearing; the consequence of which would be that all the others would march against them. This state of affairs gives Bonaparte, no doubt, uneasiness; and hence the anxiety of the Moniteur to supply us with Turkish news of its own manufacture. Placed between Turkey and England, the Moniteur hopes to blind the English Government respecting the state of affairs at Constantinople; but it is itself deceived.

SPAIN.

MILITARY OPERATIONS. The details of the Military Operations in this quarter continue to be highly in. teresting, though we find them very confused and unsatisfactory. The French bulletins, as usual, are grossly exagger. ated, in every circumstance; while the Spanish accounts are always inexplicit, and often contradictory. We have, how ever, selected the most prominent articles from both.

BATTLE OF Tudela.

It appears that after the dispersion of Gen. Blake's army in Biscay and Asturias, a considerable body of the French army moved from Burgos to the left, while that part of it stationed at PampeJan. 1809.

luna advanced to the Ebro, in order to attack the army of Gen. Castanos, which was posted along that river from Borja to Calahorra. The following is the French account of their success in this attack, which is denied by the Spaniards, and is certainly wide of the truth.

"Aranda de Douro, Nov. 27.

"His Majesty sent off Marshal Lannes, on the 19th, with instructions for the movement of the left, of which he gave him the command. On the 1st, the division of Lagrange, with a brigade of light cavalry, and another of dragoons, set out from Logrono, by the right of the Ebro, and Moncey's corps passed the river at Lodossa, abandoning the whole country between the Ebro and Pampeluna. On the 22d, at break of day, the French army began to march. It took its direction to Calahorra, where Castanos had his head-quarters the evening before, but found both that town and Alfaro evacuated. On the 23d, at day - break, General Lefebvre, at the head of the cavalry, met with the enemy, and immediately gave information to Marshal Lannes, who found the army of the enemy in seven divisions, consisting of 45,000 men, under arms, with its right before Tudela, and its left occupying a line of a league and a half; a disposition absolutely bad. The Ariagonese were on the right, the troops of Valencia and New Castile in the centre, and the three divisions of Andalusia, which Gen. Castanos commanded more especially, formed the left-40 pieces of cannon covered the enemy's line.

"At nine in the morning, the columns of the French army began to deploy. Situations were chosen for establishing batteries with sixty pieces of cannon, but the impetuosity of the troops, and the inquietude of the enemy, did not allow time for this. The Spanish army was already vanquished by the order and movement of the French army.-Lannes caused the centre to be pierced by the division of Mathieu.Lefebvre, with his cavalry, immediately passed on the trot through the opening, and took a circuit by a quarter which enveloped on the left the whole right of the enemy.

"The moment when half of the enemy's line found itself thus turned and defeated, was that in which Gen. La

grange

Spanish Account.

The following is Gen. Castanos' account of the battle of Tudela, dated Aranjuez, Nov. 27.

grange attacked the village of Cascante, gar abuse of the Spanish monks, and the where the line of Castanos was placed, British nation. which did not exhibit a better counte nance than the right, but abandoned the field of battle, leaving behind its artillery, and a great number of prisoners, The cavalry pursued the remains of the 'enemy's army to Mallem, in the direc tion of Saragossa; and to Tarracona, in the direction of Agreda. Seven standards, 30 pieces of cannon, with all their furniture, 12 colonels, 300 officers, and 3000 men have been taken; 4000 Spaniards have been left dead on the field of battle, or driven into the Ebro. Our loss has been trifling; we have had sixty men killed, and 100 wounded; among the latter is General Lagrange, who has received a bullet in the arm. Our troops found at Tudela a number of magazines.

"Marshal Moncey had began his march upon Saragossa, while a part of the fugitives retired to this place; the left, which had been cut off, fled in dis. order to Tarracona and Agreda. Marshal Ney, who was on the 22d at Soria, ought to have been on the 23d at Agreda; not a man would have escaped, But this corps being too much fatigued, remained at Soria the 23d and 24th. He arrived at Agreda on the 25th, still sufficiently in time to seize a great number of magazines. One named Palafox, formerly a garde du corps," a man without talents, and without courage, a kind of insignificant monk, the true head of a party which acquired him the name of General, was the first to take flight. This is not the first time he has acted in that manner he has done the same on all occasions,

"This army of 45,000 has been thus beaten and defeated, without our having had more than 6000 men engaged. The battle of Burgos had struck the centre of the enemy, and the battle of Espinosa the right. The battle of Tudela has struck the left. Victory has thus struck our foe as with a thunderbolt, and dispersed the whole league of the enemy.

"Gen. Mathieu arrived on the 25th at Borja, pursuing the enemy, and every moment taking fresh prisoners, the number of which already amount to Sooo. No quarter was given to any of the peasants who were found in arms.We took 37 pieces of cannon." The bulletin concludes with a torrent of vul

"General Don Francisco Xavier de Castanos reports, under date 26th Nov, from Calatayud, that on the 21st he received intelligence of the enemy having advanced by Oma, with 12,000 infantry, and 4000 horse. He immediately gave orders tor the army to fall back the same night to a position extending from Tarracona to Tudela, the last point to be occupied by the troops of the army of Arragon, the fifth division of the centre, which was in Capatroso. When the order was received to retreat, the enemy was already in motion to attack, his advanced parties having advanced in the course of the morning against Calahorra with two pieces of ordnance, and taken post on the heights within gun-shot from Calahorra. Notwithstanding this movement, the army continued the retreat in the darkness of the night, with considerable trouble and the divisions reached their respective points, by marching that night, and the following day, and on the 22d the four divisions of the army were in the position which they had to occupy, without having sustained any loss.

"On the 23d the advanced parties reported that three columns of the enemy were marching in the direction of Tudela; the generale was beaten, and while the troops of Arragon were passing the bridge, the enemy occupied the points of attack, which began at eight o'clock in the morning; at ten o'clock the whole line was engaged. Our troops maintained their position with the utmost valour, and the enemy was repulsed on all sides. He renewed the attack, and rendered himself master of an olive grove on the left, whence he descended with a tremendous fire, but was so well received by our gallant troops, that, after a most obstinate conflict, he was compelled to retreat. While our troops were pursuing the enemy on our left, another division of the enemy penetrated through. Tudela on the right, and took our pursuing troops in the rear. This decided the fate of the day, and nothing was left for our army but

to

to retreat to Borja. While this was go ing forward in Tudela, the 4th division, commanded by Gen. Lapina, which was in Cascante, two hours march from the field of battle, and had received orders to attack the right flank of the enemy, found 3000 French infantry and 1000 cavalry opposed to them, in the act of offering battle. Lapina immediately engaged, defeated, and pursued them to the heights of Tudela, whence he was attacked by the enemy's troops, who occupied the heights. Lapma retreated to the position of Cascante, where he defeated the enemy, and at the fall of night began to fall back to Borja; on his retreat, he was again attacked by the enemy, but new troops checked his progress, and the four divisions reached Borja, when they marched to Calatayud.

"The forces of the enemy in these actions of Tudela and Cascante amounted to from 36 to 40,000 infantry, and from 6000 to 7000 cavalry. Their loss has been very considerable, as has likewise ours in missing and prisoners; but the number cannot be accurately stated till the Generals of the divisions have made out and delivered their lists.

"In a letter of the 27th, Gen. Castanos sends advice, that not having in Calatayud the means of subsistence, and having received notice that the enemy. threatened to attack Samosierra, for these reasons, and wishing to be near the capital in case the French should endeavour to advance to it, he had determined to go to Siguenza."

Of the battle of Tudela, the following report is stated to have been issued from the Foreign office in London, as having been brought from Corunna by Col. Bond and two Spanish officers.

"Accounts have been received from Saragossa, dated the 24th Nov. stating, that Gen. Castanos, upon hearing that the French were moving a corps upon Soria from Burgos, and passing the Ebro at Logrono, had assembled an army of 40,000 foot, and 4000 horse, and had taken up a position in an oblique line from Tudela to Borja. This position was unfavourable, as Tudela, the right and the advanced part of the posi-, tion, was commanded by heights, and, was indefensible. The French took advantage of this error, and having collec ted an army of 45,000 men, commenced

their attack on the Spanish right on the 23d, and defeated two divisions of Valencians and Murcians, who retreated, with considerable loss, towards Sara. gossa. Subsequent accounts state, that the Arragonese and Andalusian divi sions did not suffer much, and had been able to retire in order, but the precise route taken by General Castanos's army is not given."

There is little doubt that the loss of the Spaniards in this battle has been very considerable, but by no means to the extent given in the French bulletins. The communication between the south and the north of Spain seems to be much broken by the French armies, for no certain accounts are received from Castanos' army three days after the battle.

BATTLE OF Saragossa.

It appears from the Spanish accounts, that after the retreat of Gen. Castanos, two divisions of the French army, under Marshals Bessieres and Ney, advanced as far as Saragossa, and commenced another attack upon that city, which was still defended by the gallant Palafox. No notice whatever is taken of this affair in the French bulletins ; and the only account we have of it is from the Spanish General himself, in the following report to the Supreme Junta :

"Don Jose Palafox, General in Chief of the army of Arragon, under date of the ad December, sent the following report to the Supreme Central Junta :

" The enemy, from 12,000 to 15,000 strong, supported by 20co horse, attacked on the 1st instant the extensive line of the canal of Arragon, near Saragossa. The bridge, defended by the intrepid Arragonese, was three times taken and retaken. The division of Asturian troops which serves with this army behaved with the utmost gallantry, and attacked the enemy with such uncom→ mon intrepidity and spirit, that they completely routed and compelled him to retreat with the utmost precipitation, notwithstanding their great superiority in number. He left 2000 men killed on the field of battle, and was convinced by his complete defeat, that if he lately obtained some advantages, he was merely indebted for them to casualties arising from circumstances, and to the want of subordination and discipline which prevailed among some of our

troops.

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