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cannot be given than Galicia. This province, at the beginning of the present year, was entered by a French army of 40 or 50,000 men, who established themselves in it. It appeared at first completely subdued; yet in a few months after, we find Romana, with the wreck of his army, reinforced by the armed peasantry, making head, gaining ground upon them, and finally reducing them to the mere ground which they occupied. The Asturias and Catalonia, notwithstanding their proximity to France, have remained unconquered; and, since the first campaign, no attempts have been made to penetrate the Sierra Morena. The invasion of any of these districts has hitherto had no other effect than to overcome that sluggishness and false confidence, which are the besetting sins of the nation, and to call out, more effectually than any thing else, the strength of the country.

That the Spanish force, even at present, is somewhat respectable, appears from the large French force which it has held completely in check. There is no doubt, indeed, that when peace is concluded with Austria, very considerable reinforcements will march into Spain. But we do not apprehend that, in the present state of the East of Europe, these reinforcements will be of such formidable magnitude as persons in general seem to imagine. When they arrive, however, there can be no doubt that the tide of success will, for some time, run against Spain; that wherever the French direct their main strength, they will, in the first instance, carry all before them; and, that should the Spaniards be again so imprudent as to give battle, their armies will be beaten and dispersed. But should they carefully preserve and nurse their strength; should they decline all general engagements; and merely, by an incessant petite guerre, harass the enemy, and train themselves to warfare, we see no reason as yet to despair of their cause.

Some persons, indeed, assuming a

tone of philanthropy, have considered as inhuman all attempts to promote a system of protracted warfare, and have conceived instant subjugation to be greatly preferable. We must, in the first place, observe, that all the guilt of war certainly falls upon those who make it unjustly, not upon those who defend their lawful rights. Confining ourselves, however, to consequences, we cannot assent to the above statement. That one hundred, or two hundred thousand men should be killed or wounded, is, no doubt, a very great evil; but it is a much greater, that twelve millions should be enslaved. It has always been amid commotion and suffering, that nations have renewed their strength; and with regard to Spain in particular, her capacities are so ample, and the probable prosperity to which she would rise, under a free and enlightened government, so great, as would not, we conceive, be too dearly purchased, even by a series of the bloodiest warfare.

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One word more with regard to British co-operation. It seems quite evident, from repeated experience, that, so long as the Spaniards have no regular army, British troops cannot carry on war in the heart of Spain.. Those of our allies are fit only for a warfare of their own, and cannot cooperate with ours, which must therefore contend alone with the whole force of the enemy. By floating armaments, however, and by temporary incursions, with a secure opportunity of retreat, it is probable that a good deal might be done, and the pressure upon our allies considerably lightened. It is likely indeed to be still a trying and difficult warfare; but if great good is to be done, this will not weigh with a generous nation, which has strongly pledged itself for its support, and which has, besides, great interests of its own at stake. If the Spanish army shall ever be brought into such a state as to be able to contend in the field with their enemies, a more strict co-operation may advantageously take place.

New

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New Works Published in Edinburgh. Treatise on the diseases and manA agement of Sheep; with introductory remarks on their anatomical structure; and an Appendix, containing documents exhibiting the value of the Merino breed of Sheep, and their progress in Scotland. By Sir George Steuart Mackenzie, Bart. 8vo. Plates. 7s. 6d. Titi Livii Patavini, Historiarum Belli Punici Secundi Libri quinque priores: ad optimas editiones castigati. Cura Joannis Hunter, L. L. D. Academia Andreapolitana Litt. Hum. Prof. Cupri. 12mo.

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Scottish Literary Intelligence.

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Third edition of Sermons, by the Rev. R. Morehead, is in the press.

The entire volume will contain about 600 pages; and, exclusively of the cuts incorporated in the text, there will be four copperplates of the different types used by Caxton, and five mezzotinto ones of portraits: namely of Ames, Herbert, Maittaire, the Earl of Oxford, and Dr Mead, as well as a copperplate fac simile of a unique print, singularly illustrative of the early history of engraving. This first volume will include the whole of Mr Lewis's Life of Caxton, with corrections and additions; and is intended to form a broad basis of the history of printing, literature, and bibliography, in the fifteenth century; as far as these subjects are connected with an account of the books printed within the same period.

FOREIGN.

The Rev. Principal Brown, of Aber- Literary Intelligence, ENGLISH and deen, has in the press a poem, entitled, "Philemon, or The Progress of Virtue." It will be comprised in two 8vo volumes, and is expected to appear next month.

The Rev. Mr Dibdin has just completed the first volume of his long promised edition of Ames's and Herbert's Typographical Antiquities of Great Britain. It is expected to make its appearance in the course of the ensuing month, [December]. The first volume will contain; 1. Ames's Preface, with copious notes. 2. Memoirs of Ames, by the late Richard Gough, Esq. with additional notes; and a plate of Ames's arms, and another of his portrait in miniature. 3. Herbert's Preface, with notes. 4. Some Account of William Herbert; with a plate of his arms, and another of his portrait in the Oriental dress. 5. Preliminary Disquisition concerning the Rise and early Progress of Engraving and Ornamental Printing; containing a great number of curious and splendid woodcuts, being fac-similes of ancient Prints and Ornamental Capital Letters. 6. The Life of Caxton, with copious notes, and three portraits of him, with an etching of his biographer, Mr Lewis. 7. Account of Books printed by William Caxton This latter division forms the bulkier part of the volume; making, with the Supplement, upwards of 400 pages; and being adorned with a num. ber of wood-cuts, which are fac similes of those to be found in Caxton's books.

MR Bowyer, of Pall-Mall, intends to

publish his splendid work on the Abolition of the Slave Trade, in the beginning of next month; it will consist of original Poems, written by Montgomery, Grahame, and others, expressly for the occasion; and will be embellished with engravings, from pictures, by Smirke, and enriched with the portraits of Mr Wilberforce, Mr Clarkson, and Mr Granville Sharpe.

Jeremy Bentham, Esq. author of a Treatise on Scotch Reform, has in the press a work on the Libel Law.

An Index, to the Library of the Royal Institution will soon be ready for publi cation. It is methodically arranged with an Index, on a plan partly new, which will render it of great use in all libraries.

A Geometrical, Historical, and Political, Chart, of the Reign of George III. is announced by Mr William Ticken.

Mr Robert Huish is engaged in the translation of the sacred dramas of Klopstock, the first of which, entitled "Solomon," will appear in the course of the ensuing month.

Mr Huish has also completed a Poem, called the Peruvians, in ten cantos, which will be published this year.

A gentleman of Bristol is printing a selection of Poems, from the Hesperides of Robert Herrick. It will be contained in one volume, with an engraving of the poet.

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A selection from the works of George Wither, is also printing at Bristol. It will consist of pieces from his Juvenilia; the first and second Remembrances; the Hymns and Songs of the Church; and a manuscript Copy of his Version of the Psalms, which it is believed were never printed, though he had a patent granted for them from King James.

A new edition of the Village Curate, and other Poems, by the late Dr Hurdis, will appear in the course of this month.

Mr Bigland, author of Letters on History, is preparing a General History of Europe, from the Peace in 1783, to the present time.

A work, under the Title of Tales of other Countries, is in the press. They are founded on circumstances relating to the author, in his travels through some of the continental countries.

The works of the pious and learned Dr Townsend will soon be published, in two octavo volumes, with a Life of the author, by Mr Curton.

A second volume of Sermons, translated from French authors, and adapted to the English pulpit, by the Rev. S. Partridge, will soon make its appearance.

Mr Merrick has in considerable forwardness, a History of the County of Cardigan.

Dr Edmonstone has in the press, a View of the ancient and present State of Shetland, in two octavo volumes.

Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Alfieri, the celebrated Italian dramatist, will appear in the course of the present month. They are written by himself, and interpersed with anecdotes of several distinguished modern characters of this country.

A new Romance, from the pen of Mrs Norris, author of Julia of England, will shortly be published, under the ti tle of Euphronia.

An Italian work, with a French trans

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lation, for the purpose of facilitating the acquisition of those languages, is in the press. It is entitled Il modo di Piacere in Campagna, and consists of Conversations on a variety of subjects, expressly written for the instruction of youth of both sexes, in the art of pleasing in company, on their introduction into the world.

M. Klaproth, member of the Acade. my of Sciences of Petersburg, has set out for Teflis, the capital of Georgia, with a view to proceed to Teheran, in Persia. He intends to spend several years in the latter country, in order to make himself thoroughly acquainted with it.

The account of Captain Krusenstiern's voyage round the world is preparing with the greatest dispatch. Almost all the engravings are finished. The text is in the Russian language; but the captain will himself publish a German translation.

The brothers Riepenhausen, who have fixed their residence in Italy, have for. med the plan of a considerable work, in which they propose to exhibit the rise and progress of the arts in that country, by stroke engravings of the works of the great masters. It will be divided into three sections, each comprehending four parts. The first section will begin with Cimabue, and go down to Gozzoli, the second to Massaccio; and the third to Raphael. The work will also contain biographical accounts and portraits of the different painters. The four first parts comprehend the works of Cimabue, Giotto, Tafi, Buffalmaco, Urcagna; the succeeding ones will exhibit those of Gazzoli, Ghirlandajo, Fusole, Phiberti; and the last those of Massaccio, Signorelli, Perugino, L. da Vinci, Fra Barto-. lomeo, Michael Angelo, Raphael, and the most celebrated of his pupils. Each part will contain twelve plates, in small folio.

Poetry.

On the death of Mr WILLIAM BORTHWICK, aged 18; third son of JOHN BORTHWICK of Crookston; occasioned by an accident from a Fowling-piece, June 24, 1809. HEALTH and Beauty crown'd his temples fair;

The Muses claim'd him as a fav'rite son:

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To the Memory of Robert Bourne, Esq.; Son of the Rev. Richard Bourne, of Dublin, who died on the 8th of June 1809, at Kildress, in the county of Tyrone. He possessed a mind richly imbued with sound learning and christian principles, joined to great and active benevolence, which could only be exceeded by that of his estimable friend Dr Robert Anderson, of Edinburgh, author of " the Lives of the British Poets," in whose house he had resided for some time, and who accompanied him on his visit to Ireland.

BY MR DAVID CAREY.

Author of The Pleasures of Nature," &c.

Hails, joyfully hails, lovely Albion's green steep,

When loud roars the tempest, and deep yawns the grave;

So gaily we saw thee on life's summer sea The regions of Science and Fancy explore,

Then seek each fond scene dear to friendship and thee,

And breathe thy last sigh on thy lov'd native shore.

When the blooms of thy mind, like the Spring, met the eye,

How bright was the prospect that Fancy pourtray'd!

Now faded, ah! faded for ever, they lie Where the green turf of Erin now covers thy head;

And friendship his fond ineffectual care Bewails, as he lingers and sighs to depart, And Piety weeps 'mid her holiest prayer For a child that was lovely and dear to her heart.

WHEN the Warrior expires on his path "Tis thus as we journey life's dark valley

of renown

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through,

Bright sunbeams of Hope oft illumine the road;

How brightly, alas! but how transient

too!

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Historical Affairs.

INDIA.

IT is with the utmost concern we are to relate, that a difference has arisen betwixt the civil and military authorities at Madras, which has occasioned very general distress both in India and at home, and is Hikely to be productive of serious consequences. The following narrative has been published as a correct statement of facts, and is said to have been drawn up from official documents.

It appears that Sir John Craddock, when Commander in Chief of the Madras establishment, having in view some economical reforms, addressed a private and confidential letter to Lieut.-Colonel John Munro, Quartermaster-General, requiring his opinion concerning a subsisting contract, by virtue of which tents were furnished by officers commanding native corps. Colonel Munro, in compliance with this order, presented a report, counselling the annulling of the contract; and the suggestions of the Quartermaster-General were acted upon by the Governor.-The report had been deposited in the Secret Department of Government, till the arrival of Sir G. Barlow as Governor, into whose hands the papers fell. He immediately imparted them to Adjutant-General Lieut. Colonel Capper, considering them of a public nature, and the Adjutant-General did not hesitate to give them publicity. The allegations contained in the report were now considered as an unjust reflection upon the officers of the native corps, and unworthy motives were ascribed to the Quarter-master General, as having in view the procuring of the contract for himself.

The following seems to have been the offensive part of the report:-" Upon the observation and experience of six years, formed upon the judgment of practical effect, it appears that officers commanding native corps have strong inducements, from interest, to neglect their most important duties, in order that their corps shall not be in a state of efficiency fit for field service."

Notwithstanding it was afterwards contended by Colonel Munro that this was a theoretical opinion, the whole corps of native officers felt themselves aggrieved, and a charge was drawn up against him, which was signed by 32 out of 54 officers, and the remainder would have signed the charge also, but from their being at a great dis

October 1809.

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The Commander in Chief, General Macdowall, being solicited to investigate the conduct of the Quartermaster-General, submitted the charge to the Company's JudgeAdvocate-General; but that gentleman was ef opinion, that not the Quartermaster-General, but the officers signing the charge, should be brought to trial, considering their charge as an attack upon the Government. It was replied, that not the measure proposed and acted upon, but the allegations of the report, were objected to; and the King's Solicitor-General being next applied to, was of opinion there were grounds for bringing the QuartermasterGeneral before a military tribunal. On this the Commander in Chief determined to prosecute the Quartermaster-General, whom the Government resolved to defend; and a contest for authority took place. The following documents have been transmitted to us:

1. A letter (Jan. 30.) from the Commander in Chief to Lieutenant-Col. Munro, ordering him to be placed under arrest, preparatory to trial.

2. The answer of the Quartermaster-General (same date,) in which he says, "A sense of public duty induces me to notice the extraordinary spectacle, of an officer, holding one of the first situations under Government, being placed in arrest by his Commander in Chief, for a report prepared under the special orders of the preceding Commander in Chief, which the latter declared upon record to be the combined result of his own and that officer's reflexion, and which has received the entire approbation of this and the Supreme Government." The Quartermaster-General desires the Commander in Chief to inform the Governor of his proceeding.

3. 4. On this Col. Munro tendered to the Commander in Chief, a remonstrance and appeal, to be forwarded to the civil Government or Board: This, however, the Commander in Chief declined presenting, saying, in a letter (dated 23d Jan. No. 4.)

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