manded those squadrons that began the attack; in two several charges he remained unhurt, but in a third, after many wound received, still valiantly fighting, he was shot through the head. His dead body was brought off the field by his brother, at the hazard of his own life, and buried there. To his memory his mother erects this monument, placing it near another which her son, when living, used to look upon with pleasure, for the worthy mention it makes of that great man Edward Earl of Sandwich, to whom he had the honour to be related, and whose heroic virtues he was ambitious to imitate.

83. In Westminster Abbey.

Reader, whoever thou art, let the sight of this tomb imprint on thy mind, that the young and old, without distinction, leave this world; and therefore fail not to secure the next. This Lady was only daughter and heiress to Henry Beaufoy of Guyscliffe, near Warwick, by the Hon. Charlotte Lane, eldest daughter of George Viscount Lanesborough. She died July 12. 1705.

84. In Westminster Abbey.

The province of Masachusets bay, in New England, by an order of the great and general court, bearing date Feb. 1, 1759, caused this moniment to be erected to the memory of George Augustus, Lord Viscount Howe, brigadier general of his Majesty's forces in Aunerica, who was slain July 6. 1758, on his march to Ticonderago, in the 34th year of his age; in testimony of the sense they had of his services and military virtue, and of the affection their of ficers and soldiers bore to his command. He lived respected and beloved; the public regretted his loss; to his family it is irreparable.

85. In the Church-yard at Uxbridge. Sacred to the memory of

JOHN RICH, Esq, Who died, Nov. 26. 1761, aged 69 years. In him were united the various virtues that could endear him to his Family, friends, and acquaintance, Distress never failed to find relief in his bounty,

Unfortunate merit a Refuge in his
generosity.

He

Here likewise are interred, Amy his second wife, with the two youngest children, John and Elizabeth, who both died in their infancy.

86. In Westminster Abbey.

O Rare Ben Johnson!

87. On Cardinal Poole: by himself.

Depositum Poli Cardinalis.

89. At Farlam, near Naworth Castle.

John Bell, broken-brow,
Lies under this stean,
Fovr of mine een sons
Laid it on my weam.
I was a man of my meat,
Master of my wife;

I lived on my own land,
With mickle strife.

95. On Robert Wallis, clerk of All. saints church, Newcastle.

Here lies Robin Wallas,
The king of good fellows.
Clark of All-hallows,
And a maker of bellows:

of black ashes from the mountain top, which is 50 miles distant in a straight line. These ashes, borne on a hard gale of wind, showered into the town in such quantities, that several cart loads might have been collected from the streets and house tops. They redeed, that an Irish soldier in the citasembled gunpowder, so much so, indel called out, "Blood and turf! the wind has forced open the magazine doors, and here's all the powder blowing about the barracks."

Soon after daylight, an awful bel+ lowing and horizontal shaking of the mountain excited general alarm among the inhabitants of its vast regions. Uncertain where the calamity might fall, many deserted their houses. This shock was immediately succeeded by a furious eruption of ashes from the great crater, which formed immense clouds, and covered an amazing extent of country-so violent was the discharge, that, in spite of the gale, a vast quantity overspread the country, many miles to windward of the spot whence they issued.

On the evening of the same day, an eruption of lava took place at a short distance below, whose terrible stream flowed down the mountains about three miles, and then divided into two branches. This volcano soon ceased burning, and another broke out next day, with greater fury than the

death;

at a place called Monte Negro.This one displayed three vast columns of flame and smoke, and its lava extended in a few days across the woody region, to the distance of three or four leagues. Hitherto we have heard of no guide bold enough to conduct the curious traveller as far as either of these eruptions, because of the vast and deceitful heaps of snow and ashes scattered about the two upper regions of the mountain; nor has any person, I believe, been yet so rash as to ascend higher than one which broke out 2 hours after the first alarm, about 12

miles below Monte Negro, and eight west of Lingua Grossa, a town on the north-east side, near the foot of Etna. This eruption has formed a row of craters within a space of about two miles, forming, with the others, an irregular line, running in a north-east direction from the top of the mountain.

From the dark bosom of a wood of tall firs and huge oaks, spread over steep craggy hills and close valleys, conceive twelve craters, or mouths, two unceasingly, and the rest at intervals, with a noise like a tremendous chorus of several thousand cannons, muskets and sky-rockets, discharging flame, and showers of burning rocks of various forms and all magnitudes, from several yards in diameter down to the smallest pebble, which, according to their weight and bulk, ascend from 200 to 1000 feet. The two fore-mentioned craters (or rather double crater) the lowest of the row down the mountain, formed the principal object of this awful and magnificent scene: they were the only craters which did not seem to labour. Their join emissions had encompassed them with a black oblong hill of ashes and lava-stones; eighty yards above the top of which their mingling flames furiously ascended in one immense blaze, which seemed 100 yards in breadth. Amidst this blaze, vast showers of rocks rising and falling, were continually passing each other. About the middle of the whole line of craters. was situated one, which laboured the most, and made the loudest, the heaviest, the highest, and the most dangerous discharges; from the rocks of which our party twice narrowly escaped; one or two, of very considerable size, falling within a pace of us :-I think the lava flowed only from a few of the chief craters, particularly the double one. During the emissions of rock and flame, the burning matter was seen, in low undulating waves issuing through the sides, close to the bottom of the black hills of ashes.

The double crater appeared completely isolated by the lava of the others. Just below it, all the lavas uniting, formed one grand stream of various breadths, fram half a mile to 50 yards, which, leaving the fir wood, pursued its destructive course down a rocky part of the mountain interspersed with oaks, until, about five miles below the double crater, it entered some vineyards, after dividing into two branches; the principal one of which advancing a mile farther, directly threatened the house of Baron Carri. Within 200 yards of this house, it entered a hollow way, which it was hoped would turn its course; but, going on, according to the direction of the impelling fluid behind, its loose rocks rolling off the main body, soon filled up the small ravine, and formed a causeway for itself to pass. The other branch took the direction of Lingua Grossa, and arrived very near the Baron Cagnone's house, whose inhabitants, as well as those of the town, were trembling for their property, when the eruption ceased.

Y

it

The stream sometimes branched off and joined again, forming islands as it flowed along. Sometimes its banks were formed by the sides of ravines; but where the country was open, formed its own, which, from the porous nature of the lava, imbibed the cool air, and soon hardened into black and lofty banks of many feet in thickness. It gradually thickened in advancing, until about four miles from the crater, when it began to assume the appearance of a vast rugged mound of black rocks, or stones, and cinders, moving almost imperceptibly along. By day light the general appearance of this amazing stream, or moving mound, was black, and might be compared to a long tract of ploughed ground, moving and smoking along, raised on banks from 15 to 40 feet high. The end of it, however, presented a bold front of vivid fire, about 15 or 16 feet high, and 80 pa

ces

While it moved for

gave

I never saw a painting which any thing like a correct idea of lava, yet it appears no difficult task. I could discern nothing of the fluid part of the stream; yet, until somewhat cooled by flowing several miles, it must be liquid immediately underneath the thin light crusted surface. Just after issuing from the crater, I should think it flowed at the rate of four miles an hour; half way down the stream, (whose whole extent, when the eruption ceased, was about six miles) a mile and a half an hour; and so on, gradually decreasing in velocity to the most advanced part, where its progress was a few hundred yards a-day.!

The night view of the eruption and stream of lava was truly grand and ter

rific. The rocks emitted from the craters displayed a white heat, and the flames an intense red. When the adjacent hills and valleys were covered by a shower of rocks, they appeared, for a time, beautifully spangled with stars, whose silver brightness, as well as that of the burning trees, formed a no less admirable contrast to the flames of the crater, than did the evening songs of the birds to the bellowing of the mountain. The lava was a fancied infernal fire, streaked black and red, presenting a horrid contrast to the dark surrounding scenery. Here, down the rocky slopes it rolled a cataract of fire; there, it displayed floating mounts crowned with imagined fortresses. Trees were seen as if growing from the fire, whose parched branches and burning trunks, exhibited the idea of desolation in all its horrors. ***Nov. 1809.

All partial evil universal good."

Except the inhabitants likely to suffer, little concern or curiosity was expressed by the Sicilians. Even the Baron Carri, whose house was so much in danger, with superstitious obstinacy, rejected, for a long while, every proposal of the British Officers, for removing his property." No no," he always replied, "Let it be as God wills it." At length, however, self interest prevailed, and solitary walls alone remained. But when the lava had arrived within 200 yards of this deserted habitation, the eruption ceased, to the great joy of the natives, who attributed this mercy to the merits and interference of their Patron Saints, whose images were daily brought from Castiglione, (a distance of three miles) in procession during the progress of this calamity, and placed while mass was performed, amidst the tears of a wretched multitude, a few yards in front of the slow advancing fire.This procession was composed of the miserable and ragged natives of both sexes and all ages, crying and sobbing, beating their breasts, tearing their hair, and flogging their backs in penance, while their Priests were calling on all their Saints to assist them. On their way to the lava, they stopped at the Baron's house, from the balcony of which the Chief Priest, with the most violent gestures of grief, delivered a short Sermon, in which he told them, the Eruption was a judgment upon their sins, and recommended them to mend their lives, and pray to all the Saints to intercede for them. Every pause of this discourse was filled with

a ge