Abbildungen der Seite
PDF
EPUB

forming part of the manor of Mondsee, with liberty to cut and carry thence the brushwood, but without enjoying any right of sovereignty upon that ter ritory.

to

2. He also cedes to his Majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, the county of Goritia, the manor of Mon. tefalcone, the government and city of Trieste, Carniola, with its dependencies on the Gulf of Trieste, the circle of Willach, in Carinthia, and all the territories lying on the right bank of the Saave, from the point where that river leaves Carniola, along its course where it touches the frontiers of Bosnia, namely, a part of provincial Croatia, six districts of military Croatia, Fiume, and the Hungarian Littorale, Austrian Is. tria, or the district of Castua, the islands depending on the ceded territories, and all other territories, howsoever named, upon the right bank of the Saave; the middle stream of the said river serving as the boundary between the two states. Lastly, the lordship of Radzuns, lying in the Graunbunderland.

3. He cedes and makes over to his Majesty the King of Saxony, the territory of Bohemia depending upon and included in the territory of the kingdom of Saxony, namely, the parishes and villages of Guntersdorf, Tauhantranke, Gerlochsheim, Lenkersdorff, Schirgiswuld, Winckle, &c.

4. He cedes and makes over to the King of Saxony, to be united to the duchy of Warsaw, the whole of Western or New Gallicia, a district round Cracow, on the right bank of the Vistula, to be hereafter ascertained, and the cir. cle of Zamose, in Eastern Gallicia.

The district round Cracow, upon the right bank of the Vistula, shall, in the direction of Podgorze, have for its circumference the distance from Podgorze to Wieliczka. The line of demarcation shall pass through Wieliczka, and to the westward touch upon Scawina, and to the eastward upon the Bock, which falls into the Vistula at Brezdegy.

Wieliczka, and the whole of the ter. ritory of the Saltpits, shall belong in common to the Emperor of Austria and the King of Saxony. Justice shall be administered therein in the name of the municipal power. There, shall be quartered there only the troops necessary for the support of the police, and they

shall consist of equal numbers of those of both nations. The Austrian salt, from Wieliczka, in its conveyance over the Vistula, and through the duchy of Warsaw, shall not be subject to any toll duties. Corn of all kinds, raised in Austrian Gallicia, may also be freely exported across the Vistula.

His Majesty the Emperor of Austria and his Majesty the King of Saxony may form such an arrangement, with regard to these boundaries, as that the San, from the point where it touches upon the circle of Zamose, to its conflu ence with the Vistula, shall serve as the line of demarcation between both states.

5. He cedes and makes over to his Majesty the Emperor of Russia, in the easternmost part of Gallicia, a tract of territory containing a population of 400,000 souls, the city of Brode being nevertheless not therein included. This shall be amicably ascertained by Commissioners on the part of both empires.

IV. The Teutonic Order having been abolished in the states of the League of the Rhine, his Majesty the Emperor of Austria, in the name of his Imperial Highness the Archduke Anthony, abdicates the Grand Mastership of that order in his states, and recognises the dispositions taken with regard to the property of the order, locally situated out of the Austrian territory. Pensions shall be assigned to those who have been on the civil establishment of the order.

V. The debts funded upon the territory of the ceded provinces, and allowed by the states of the said provinces, or accruing from expences incurred for their administration, shall alone follow the fate of those provinces.

VI. The provinces which are to be restored to his Majesty the Emperor of Austria shall be administered for his behoof, by the Austrian constituted authorities, from the day of exchanging the ratification of the present treaty, and the imperial domains, wheresoever situated, from the 1st of November next. It is nevertheless understood, that the French army in this country shall take, for their use, whatever articles cannot be supplied by their magazines for the subsistence of the troops and the wants of the hospitals, and also whatever shall be necessary for the con

veyance

veyance of their sick, and the evacua、 tion of their magazines.

An arrangement shall be made between the high contracting parties respecting all war contributions, of whatever denomination, previously imposed on the Austrian provinces occupied by the French and allied troops; in consequence of which arrangement, the levying of the said contributions shall cease from the day of the exchange of the ratification.

VII. His Majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, engages to give no obstruction to the importation or exportation of merchandise into and from Austria by way of the port of Fiume; this, nevertheless, not being construed to include English goods or manufactures. The transit duties on the goods thus imported or exported shall be lower than upon those of all other nations, the kingdom of Italy excepted.

An inquiry shall be instituted to ascertain whether any advantages can be allowed to the Austrian trade in the other ports ceded by this treaty.

VIII. The titles of domains, archives, plans, and maps of the countries, towns, and fortresses ceded, shall be given up within two months after the period of the ratification.

IX. His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, engages to discharge the yearly interest, arrears, and capitals, invested in securities of the government, states, bank, lottery, or other public establishments, by subjects, companies, or cor. porate bodies in France, the kingdom of Italy, and the grand duchy of Berg.

Measures shall also be taken to completely liquidate the debts of Mont St Theresa, How Mont Napoleon, at Milan.

X. His Majesty the Emperor of the French engages to procure a full and complete pardon for the inhabitants of the Tyrol and Voralberg, who have taken a part in the insurrection, so that they shall not be prosecuted either in person or property.

His Majesty the Emperor of Austria equally engages to grant a full and complete pardon to those inhabitants of the territories of Gallicia, of which he returns into possession, whether civil or military public officers, or private

individuals, who have taken part in the levying of troops, or the formation of judicial or municipal administrations, or in any other proceeding whatsoever, during the war, which inhabitants shall not be prosecuted in their persons or property.

They shall have permission, during a period of six years, to dispose of their properties, of whatever description they may be, to sell their estates, even those that have been considered inalienable, such as fidei commissa and majoratus, to leave the country, and to carry with them the produce of these sales, in specie, or effects of any other description, without paying any other duty for the same, or experiencing any difficulty or

obstruction.

The same permission, and for the same period, shall be reciprocally allowed to the inhabitants and landholders in the territories ceded by the present treaty.

The inhabitants of the duchy of Warsaw, possessing landed estates in Austrian Gallicia, whether public officers or private individuals, shall enjoy the revenues thereof, without paying any duty thereon, or experiencing any obstruction.

XI. Within six weeks from the exchange of the present treaty, posts shall be erected to mark the boundaries of Cracow, upon the right bank of the Vistula. For this purpose, there shall be nominated Austrian, French, and Saxon Commissioners.

The same measures shall be adopted, within the same period, upon the frontiers of Upper Austria, Saltzburg, Willach and Carniola, as far as the Saave. The thalweg (stream) of the Saave shall determine what islands of that river shall belong to each power. For this purpose, French and Austrian Commissaries shall be nominated.

XII. A military convention shall be forthwith entered into, to regulate the respective periods within which the various provinces restored to his Majesty the Emperor of Austria shall be evacuated. The said convention shall be adjusted on the basis, that Moravia shall be evacuated in fourteen days; that part of Gallicia, which remains in possession of Austria, the city and districts of Vienna, in one month, Lower Austria two months, and the remaining districts and territories,

territories, not ceded by this treaty, shall be evacuated by the French troops and those of their allies in two months and a half, or earlier, if possible, from the exchange of the ratifications.

This convention shall regulate all that relates to the evacuation of the hospitals and magazines of the French army, and the entrance of the Austrian troops into the territories evacuated by the French or their allies; and also the evacuation of that part of Croatia, ceded by the present treaty to his Majesty the Emperor of the French.

XIII. The prisoners of war taken by France and her allies from Austria, and by Austria from France and her allies, that have not yet been released, shall be given up within 14 days after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty.

XIV. His Majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Protector of the League of the Rhine, guarantees the inviolability of the possessions of his Majesty the Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, in the state in which they shall be, in consequence of the present treaty.

XV. His Majesty the Emperor of Austria recognises all the alterations which have taken place, or may subsequently take place, in Spain, Portugal, and Italy.

XVI. His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, desirous to co-operate in the restoration of a maritime peace, accedes to the prohibitory system with respect to England, adopted by France and Russia, during the present maritime war. His Imperial Majesty shall break off all intercourse with Great Britain, and, with respect to the English Government, place himself in the situation he stood in previous to the present war. XVII. His Majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, and his Majesty the Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, shall observe, with respect to each other, the same ce. remonial, in regard to rank and other points of etiquette, as before the pre

sent war.

XVIII. The ratifications of the present treaty shall be exchanged within six days, or sooner, if possible.

J. B. NOMPERE DE CHAMPAGNY,
JOHN PRINCE of LICHTENSTEIN,

[blocks in formation]

Such is the definitive treaty of peace concluded between France and Austria. It appears that the cessions of Austria divide themselves principally into three parts; those to the sovereigns of the Rhenish league generally; those to Bonaparte; and those to the king of Saxony individually.

To one of the first of these, the king of Bavaria, she resigns Saltzburg and a portion of Austria, extending on the Danube from Passau to the vicinity of Lintz-Bonaparte acquires for himself but little territory: further to extend his limits is, he knows, to weaken his strength; but the possession of the coast of the Adriatic being a great object to the furthering his designs against Great Britain, he very wisely retains it, and has therefore reserved Fiume and Trieste, with the whole of the country to the south of the Saave, till that river enters Bosnia-And to the last, a few villages in Bohemia, and (to be u nited to the Duchy of Warsaw), the whole of Western Gallicia, extending from the frontiers of Silesia, to the Bog, together with Cracow, and a district round it in Eastern Gallicia. Saxony will thus become a power of the first magnitude. The interests of Russia have been but little consulted in the treaty, a loose cession of as much territory in Eastern Gallicia as will comprise 400,000 souls, is all she obtains for her base subserviency to the general conqueror. There are not wanting some.

indications of the discontent of Russia at these pacific arrangements.

Of the more painful of the stipula tions wrung from the Emperor Francis, in relation to external politics, is that by which he acknowledges the sovereignty of Joseph Bonaparte, to whose elevation to the crown of Spain it was nevertheless not in his power (after peace was made) to oppose any formidable obstruction; and with regard to this country, there is an article which stipulates the co-operation of the emperor of Austria in procuring a maritime peace, and for that purpose, prohi. bits his intercourse with England. This last article is more offensive in its form than prejudicial in its effects; for after the surrender of Fiume and Trieste, a correspondence between Austria and this country would have been no very easy matter, even if it had not been prohibited by treaty. In place of giving up the Tyrol to a prince of the house of Austria, that country is still to remain annexed to the kingdom of Bavaria. A provision, however, is made that Bonaparte shall procure a 66 complete and full pardon" for her brave inhabitants.

Amidst all the losses which Austria has sustained, all the varied events of the last continental war, one thing is indisputable, that the Austrian armies have never been completely defeated. The victories of Bonaparte in the campaign will not bear a comparison with his former atchievements, nor can he with justice inscribe on the triumphal arch he has erected at Paris to commemorate his exploits, in the same line with Marengo, Austerlitz, and Jena, the victories of Echmul and Wagram, In a military point of view, Bonaparte returns with less glory to France than ever before accompanied him. He leaves behind him a numerous hostile army, unbroken in spirit, and high in discipline; and he takes with him the mortifying feeling of one defeat sustained, and the guilt of a false military step, which, had it not been for great local advantages, would have gone far to have cost him his army. He has acquired territory from Austria; he may Eave forced her to make considerable concessions as the price of peace; but neither so extensive, nor are those concessions so humiliating, as he

had previously boasted to the world that he would extort. Not long before the commencement of hostilities, he vauntingly proclaimed that he would reduce Austria to a condition in which she would never more disturb the peace of the continent; yet he has left in her possession an army of 200,000 men, besides an armed levy en masse. Soon after his entrance into Vienna, he expli. citly declared his intention of severing Hungary from Austria, by offering her what he calls independence and a king; yet the sceptre of Francis still sways that ancient realm. His haughty, insulting and menacing language toward the princes of the house of Austria sufficiently indicates, that, if they still hold a place amongst the sovereigns of Europe, it is not his clemency, but his want of power, which has suffered them to preserve their dignities. And jud. ging from the immense works constructed at Vienna, Bonaparte had at one time little intention of speedily evacua ting that portion of his Majesty's dominions; yet, as soon as a war contribu tion is paid, the French troops are to be drawn from the capital and from Austria Proper. From these facts it is most certain, that the Austrian war has not closed in a manner either fatal to the hopes of Europe, or gratifying to the wishes of the tyrant who meditates its entire subjugation. Austria is still left a substantive power, and what is more than all, France has learned, alt Europe has learned, that the subjects of that monarchy glow with loyalty to their sovereign, and are ready at all times to arm in his cause. Austria is confident in herself, since she has beheld the zealous devotion of her subjects; and France will learn to respect her, now she has proved that she cannot separate the people from their country and their lawful monarch. The age is now past in which the French were able to precede their campaigns by sow. ing civil dissensions, under the pretence of giving liberty to the subject, and ob liging governments to peace who were represented as the advocates of eternal war. The real author of continental wars is now discovered: in the presence of French armies the people see only bands of robbers; and in their own subjugation only the miseries of extortion, conscription, and grinding despotism.

RUSSIA AND SWEDEN. The following is an abstract of the treaty between Russia and Sweden, signed at Fredericksham, on the 17th of September 1809.

"The King of Sweden binds himself to promote the conclusion of peace between Sweden, France, and Denmark, by the ne gociation now going forward.

The King of Sweden promises to adhere to the continental system, with such modifications as shall be more particularly stipulated in the negociation which is about to be opened between Sweden, France, and Denmark. Meanwhile he engages, from the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty, to order that the ports of the kingdom of Sweden shall be closed, both to the ships of war and merchantmen of Great Britain, with the exception of the importation of salt and colonial productions, which habit has rendered necessary to the people of Sweden.-The Emperor of Russia promises to consent to every modification which his allies may consider just and fit to be admitted in favour of Sweden, with respect to commerce and mercantile navigation.

The King of Sweden, for himself and his successors, renounces, in perpetuity, in favour of Russia, all his rights and titles to the governments hereafter specified, which have been conquered from Sweden by Russia in the present war,- Kymenagard, Nyland and Tavastchus, Abo and Bjorneborg, with the isles Aland, Savolax and Corelia, Wasa, Uleaborg, and part of west Bothnia extending to the river of Tornea.

The sea of Aland, the gulf of Bothnia, and the rivers of Tornea and Muonio, shall hereafter form the frontier between Russia and Sweden. I he nearest islands at an equal distance from the main land of Aland and Finland shall belong to Russia, and those which are nearest to the Swedish coast shall belong to Sweden. The most advanc ed points of the Russian territory at the mouth of the river of Tornea, shall be the isle of Bjorken, the port of Renteham, and the peninsula on which the town of Tornea stands. The frontier shall then be extend ed along the river Tornea to the confluence of the two branches of that river, near Kengis. It shall then follow the course of the river Muonio, passing in the front of Muonioniska, Muonio Orsreby, Palajoens, Rultane, Enoutekis, Kelottijorsoi, Paitiko, Nunnaka, Rannula, and Kilpisjaure to Norway.

In the course of the rivers Tornea and Muonio, such as it has been described, the islands situated to the east of the Thalwag shall belong to Russia, and those to the west of the Thalwag to Sweden.

Within four weeks after the exchange of the ratifications of the treaty, the troops of November 1809.

Russia shall evacuate West Bothnia, and repass the river Tornea,

All the prisoners of war, made on either side, and all the hostages delivered during the war, shall be restored in mass, and with

out rausom.

The Fins now in Sweden, and the Swedes now in Finland, to be at liberty to return into their respective countries, and to dispose of their property, without paying any duty on removal, or any other impost.

There shall henceforth be a perpetual oblivion of the past, and a general amnesty for those whose opinions may have rendered them suspected or liable to punishment.

The titles, domains, archives, &c. and the plans and charts of fortresses, towns, and territories, devolved to Russia, including the charts and papers in the Surveyor's Office, to be delivered up within six months, or at the latest within one year.

All sequestrations which may have been placed on the property or revenue of the respective inhabitants of the two countries, and the public establishments therein situated, to be removed.

The subjects of either of the contracting parties, to whom inheritances may fall in either of the states, may take possession of the same, and enjoy them under the protection of the laws,

The duration of the treaty of commerce between the contracting parties being limited to the 17th (29th) Oct. 1811, the Emperor of Russia consents not to reckon its interruption during the war; and that the said treaty shall continue in force until the 1st (13th) of February 1818, with respect to every thing not contrary to the dispositions of the commercial manifesto issued at St. Petersburg January 1. 1809.

The Fins shall have the power of importing from Sweden, ore, smelted lime, stones for building, smelting furnaces, and, in general, all the other productions of the soil of Sweden. In return, the Swedes may export from Finland, fish, corn, cloth, pitch, planks, wooden utensils of all kinds, wood for building, and, in general, all the other productions of the soil of the grand duchy. This traffic shall be re-established and maintained to the 1st (13th) of October 1811, precisely on the same footing as it was before the war,

The annual exportation of 50,000 tschetwerts of corn, purchased in the ports of the gulf of Finland, or of the Baltic, belonging to Russia, is granted to the King of Sweden free of the export duty. Years of scarcity, in which the exportation shall be prohibited, are excepted; but the quantity in arrear, in consequence of such order, may be made up, when the prohibition shall be removed.

With

« ZurückWeiter »