one of the Largest and Best Equipped Colleges in the U. S., offers exceptionally fine opportunities for doing a high DEPARTMENTS: Preparatory, Teachers, Psychology and Three New Departments, Manual Training, Medical, Spanish, The institution is well equipped with buildings, apparatus, The Collegiate Department is provided with special library, apparatus, laboratories etc., and offers every advantage for thoroughness found at the older colleges and universities. The Pedagogical Department is not only supplied with a full reference library, consisting of all the latest and most approved books treating on professional work, but it has also excellent apparatus for experimental purposes. The Commercial Department is provided with a more ex- The Pharmacy Department is one of the few in the United Credits Received Here are accepted in the best Universities as great as at other high grade schools, yet the advantages are This institution makes it possible for every person, rich or CALENDAR: Fall Term will open September 1, 1908; First 1-E.-J. 1-19 VOL. IV. NOVEMBER, 1903. NUMBER 3 A STUDY OF “PSYCHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION," HOWARD SANDISON, PROFESSOR OF PEDAGOGY, INDIANA STATE NORMAL. XXIII. Chapter XXIII considers the problem of system in so far as it applies to nutrition and sensation. Nutrition and sensation are regarded as forms of self-activity, and the effort of the chapter is to show the development of sensing an object through the act of nutrition. The author's use of the word "feeling" is somewhat different from that usually given. By feeling as employed here there is meant sensation, or even sense-perception itself. Sense-perception is usually regarded as an intellectual activity, but in this chapter it signifies feeling. However, the term is used more strictly to indicate the first phase in sense-perception, that of sensing the object. There are three divisions in the chap ter:. 1. The division which attempts to show the development of sensation over nutrition as to the dependence upon the environment. It is shown that nutrition precedes sense-perception in that, acting, upon the environment, it creates a body, and that this body is so organized as to furnish an instrument for the rising grades of sense-perception. In considering this relation of nutrition to sensation in respect to dependence upon the environment, it is shown that nutrition is strictly dependent upon the environment. If the environment is intermittent, nutrition is intermittent. Feeling is not so strictly dependent upon environment. In a certain sense it does depend upon the presence of the object, but the object being present and having acted as a stimulus, feeling is then able to concentrate itself upon itself: that is, feeling is able to act upon itself and continue its activity without direct reference to the environment. But nutrition is wholly dependent upon this environment. By considering this point the author shows the growth of feeling out of nutrition; shows it to be a higher stage, and in that way indicates both the unity and the difference of nu; trition and sensation, and having exhibited this unity and difference he thereby reveals the system in so far as it concerns these two modes of activity. In examining dependence upon environment the author points out that memory is a still further development, in that self-activity in the form of memory does not depend upon the presence of the object at all, and the system is rendered more clear by showing that self-activity in the form of imagination does not depend upon any object whatever, as it actually exists. No object past, present or to come in its actual state is a stimulus to the act of imagination, but in this act of imagination self-activity shows its creative nature and produces its object regardless of the environment itself, and of past experience although in obedience to law. 2. The division which treats of the rising grades in sensation. These rising grades are shown to be five: touch, taste, smell, hearing and sight. |