and active zeal, he proved a valuable accession to the Presbytery. His Eastern associations made him the principal channel through which reports of the progress of the gospel and revivals among the churches were communicated to the journals in the older States. His own labors, both at Ten-Mile, and subsequently at Salem, were largely blessed. In his ten years' ministry at the former place, about two hundred persons were received to the Church on profession of their faith. The log meeting-house built in 1785 at Lower Ten-Mile proved too small for the congregation, and during Mr. Moore's ministry another was erected at Upper TenMile.

Mr. Moore is said to have been "a terrible scourge of Arminianism." In theology he was a Hopkinsian, and his Calvinism was of an ultra type. Tradition reports-although unwarrantably-that he preached the doctrine of infant-damnation. The report originated, no doubt; in the severe exposition which he was wont to give of orthodox doctrine. He dwelt much, in his preaching, on the terrors of the law. He was bold and uncompromising in his denunciations of sin in all its forms, but especially when it assumed the shape of formalism and hypocrisy in the Church.

Other laborers in the field at this early period were Messrs. John Brice, William Wood, William Wick, G. Scott, Joseph Anderson, A. Gwinn, John McClean, and J. Snodgrass. By these men an extensive field was occupied, and a remarkable amount of missionary labor performed. Five of the nineteen ministers were settled "over the Ohio River,"-one, William Wick, thirty-eight miles west of the river, within eight miles of Youngstown, where he preached a third part of the time as a temporary supply. From the month of

1 Wines's Historical Discourse, pp. 16, 17.

August, 1799, to November, 1800, the Presbytery ordained ten ministers of the gospel, of whom nine were installed, and one dismissed to go and itinerate in the State of Tennessee, while one was received from the Presbytery of Brunswick, thus in the space of little more than a year more than doubling the number of the members of the body.

Meanwhile, three candidates for licensure were on trial, and several more were expecting soon to offer themselves. The churches were chiefly supplied from McMillan's school, "a little academy in Canonsburg, with no resources, supported entirely, till of late, by the Presbyterian clergy and their people." There was an urgent necessity, notwithstanding all that had been done, for more laborers. "In this quarter," writes Rev. Thomas Moore (January, 1801), “the field is wide and extensive, the harvest truly great, but the laborers comparatively few." A most grateful welcome did the missionaries of the Connecticut Missionary Society receive from the members of the Ohio Presbytery on their way to New Connecticut. Two of them, Joseph Badger and David Bacon, had already made transient visits to that inviting and destitute field, and more were soon to follow in their track, Ezekiel J. Chapman in the following year.

Meanwhile, several of the congregations connected with the Presbytery were visited by seasons of refreshing. There were revivals, some characterized by great power, in the churches of which McMillan, Patterson, Hughes, Brice, and Moore were pastors. On his way to his field of labor (November, 1800) in New Connecticut, Joseph Badger "passed through and near to twenty Presbyterian congregations," where from 1798 there had been "a pretty general serious awakening.""

1 Conn. Ev. Mag., 1801.

Many hundred souls were converted. The revival extended nearly eighty miles from east to west. The new settlements northwest of the Ohio, to the very bounds of New Connecticut, were "visited in a special manner." The work was free from enthusiasm, but characterized by great power.1

By the commencement of the present century, “sixteen or seventeen very worthy and pious ministers" had been trained for their work in the "academic school" of Canonsburg. It was at first thought that it would be difficult to supply them all with fields of labor. But the revival "opened places enough." By September, 1800, there were three ordained ministers connected with the Ohio Presbytery in or near the Western Reserve.

CHAPTER XVI.

MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA, 1789-1800.

ALTHOUGH the Presbyterian Church in this country had been first planted on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, yet there were many obstacles to its spread both in Maryland and Virginia, which, until the close of the

1 From 1781 to 1807, an extensive work of grace was experienced in the churches of Cross Creek, Upper Buffalo, Chartiers, Pigeon Creek, Bethel, Lebanon, Ten-Mile, Cross Roads, and Mill Creek, during which more than one thousand persons were converted. From 1795 to 1799, another series of gracious visitations was enjoyed by the churches of Western Pennsylvania, extending to the new settlements north of Pittsburg. Dr. McMillan received to his church one hundred and ten, and Thomas Marquis one hundred and twenty-three persons. Large additions were made to others.Humphrey's "Revival Sketches."

Revolutionary War, effectually retarded its growth. Maryland was a Roman Catholic colony, and but a small proportion of its inhabitants would have been disposed to welcome Presbyterian missionary labor or Presbyterian institutions; while Virginia, settled by "Cavaliers," and with the Episcopal for the established Church of the colony, was long reluctant even to tolerate "Dissenters." The patriotic fervor of the Revolution, and the worldly and sometimes disgraceful conduct and character of the Episcopal clergy, combined to effect a change in popular feeling and sympathy, and at the close of the war the field was open to Presbyterian effort.

The laborers, indeed, were few and far between. The eloquence of Davies, even, had been like the voice of one crying in the wilderness. His own heart was deeply burdened that he was left to toil almost alone. During the war, little could be done to supply spiritual destitution, and the single Presbytery of Hanover, feeble in numbers, though enterprising in spirit, was left to occupy and supply a region extending on every side hundreds of miles.

In Western Maryland the Presbyterian Church can scarcely be said to have had an existence until after the close of the war. Hagerstown and two or three other congregations were under the care of Carlisle Presbytery, and perhaps as many more feeble congregations existed between the Potomac and the Chesapeake. The Presbytery of Baltimore was formed, by a division of Donegal Presbytery, in 1786. At the meeting of the first General Assembly, it reported six members and twelve churches. Patrick Allison was at Baltimore, Isaac S. Keith at Alexandria, Stephen B. Balch at Georgetown, James Hunt at Bladensburg and Cabin

1 Meade's Churches of Virginia.

John, John Slemons at Slate Ridge and Chance Ford, and George Lucky at Bethel and Centre; while Hopewell, Frederick, and Soldier's Delight were vacant.

The First Presbyterian Church of Baltimore dates from 1763. During the preceding year, a few Presbyterians from Pennsylvania had erected a log church edifice within the limits of the future city, which at that time could boast some thirty or forty houses and some three hundred inhabitants. Allison, a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, and a licentiate of the Second Presbytery of Philadelphia, was at the time connected with the Newark Academy, at which several young men from Baltimore were pursuing their studies, and, doubtless through their influence, he was induced for one or more Sabbaths to supply the pulpit. So acceptable were his services, that the congregation requested of the Presbytery that he might be appointed to supply them statedly on a salary of one hundred pounds per year. Declining a call to a larger church at New Castle, he accepted the appointment, and for thirty-five years continued in the pastorate of the First Church of Baltimore.

The congregation, small at first,-numbering, it is supposed, but six families,2-rapidly increased; the small edifice was pulled down for the erection of a larger one; this was subsequently enlarged; and at length, to accommodate the increased numbers, a large, expensive, and elegant structure was reared, worthy the enterprise of the growing city.

The personal appearance of Dr. Allison was highly commanding and impressive. Of medium height, but every way well proportioned, his manners combined, to

1 Sprague, iii. 254.

2 Baltimore was laid out as a town by Roman Catholics in 1729, and up to 1765 it contained but fifty houses.-Eighty Years' Progress, i. 183.