I am well acquainted with a baker who purchased one, but he soon gave it up, as he could do it far quicker by hand. If I remember right the cost of the machine was about £25.-A. WOULD-be Baker. Carbonic Acid Gas and the line figured is the sewing of rann and box or welt. The TRADES. [11887.] - Hair Dye. Would T. I. Preston must make a movable joint between the end of the ash [11872.] Atmosphere. The proportion of carbonic acid is nearly four times as much as "Philanthropist " guessed-more exactly, three-and-a-third times as much in the open country and from four to five times as much in towns. In Dr. Angus Smith's "Air and Rain," the smallest proportion stated as observed is '03 per cent.-i. e., three parts by measure in 10,000, the mean of a large number of country places in Scotland, is 0836 per cent.; and that of specimens in London is 04394 per cent. As carbonic acid is heavier than air, the weight of that in the atmosphere may be assumed to be about 5 parts in 10,000, or one in 2,000. As to the increase that might be borne without injury to animal life, but little is accurately known. When the enormous proportion of 88 per cent., or 90 times that of pure air is mixed, animals die quickly, not, as some suppose, from direct deficiency of oxygen, but from the presence of carbonic acid, for if that be absorbed by lime or otherwise, air still more deficient in oxygen may be breathed with impunity. Close rooms sometimes contain air with twice or three times, occasionally as much as ten times, the natural proportion of carbonic acid, which, if produced, as it usually is, by respiration and combustion, renders it dreadfully oppressive; but air containing a similar proportion of pure carbonic acid, produced when making soda water, is neither unpleasant, nor, I believe, injurious. Cer- is at A, the lower part must work on a bearing; by tainly, the unpleasantness, and, probably, the injuriousness of ordinary close rooms is caused, not by the carbonic acid, but by other products of respiration, nor are those products themselves injurious in moderate quantity until they have undergone some change, for, as "M.R.C.S." a short time since reminded us, we are constantly drawing back into our lungs some of the air which has just left them, but remained in the windpipe or other air passages, while the langs themselves must be always filled with air containing a very large proportion, probably ten per cent. of carbonic acid, together with moisture and pulmonary excretion. It is evident, therefore, that it is not either carbonic acid or pulmonary excretion which is, per se, injurious, for they are always present. There must be either a considerable excess of carbonic acid, or the presence of pulmonary excretion, which has undergone a change in the air to render it injurious; and if it be removed before it has undergone such change, we shall not suffer from it, as all experience proves.-PHILO. [11875.]-Spectrum Colours.-The impossibility of making a coloured spinner appear white in the presence of a real white (equally illuminated) is absolute, arising from the nature of light, and need not imply any imperfection in the paints, as "H. P. H." fancies (p. 262). Bat" Utile Dalci" will find it possible, after a few well noted trials, and with care and thought, to make sectors of either two, three, seven, or any intermediate number of colours, combine by rotation into so clear a gray that the contrast of a black border and middle will make it (in the absence of white) pass for a very tolerable white in the sunshine. He should repeat the series (whether two or seven) four or six times, that is, complete it in each quadrant or sextant of his disc. The following pairs are nearly complementary, or will produce white, the latter of each pair exceeding the former one in depth, and also in space, possibly as three to one in space, or less, as found by trial:-Pale chrome yellow and smalt; orange chrome and cobalt blue; vermilion and bluish verditer, or verdigris (equal); emerald green and magenta, or barnt carmine. Of course, what each pair will do separately, any two or more of such pairs will do together.-E. L. G. [11886.]-A Thick Soled Shoe.-These soles are of cork, and to build them is considered a crack job, and those crack hands who do them are few and far vertical motion can be obtained. that means a [11901.]-Grip Chuck.-Why does not "F. G. T." make the screw in the lathe? I have a chuck I made, which is worked by one, and will take in from 3in. to in. The screw is somewhere about the size of the A B b sketch, and I found no difficulty in making it with the -- [11932.]-Organ Bellows.-Arrange the bellows' needle-bar goes down, then rises again a little way to [11965.]-Dandelion Roots.-April and May are length of a lens for parallel rays:-Let A C B be a [12000.]-Insects in Tables and Chairs.-The seat-framing of chairs, and possibly the parts of the tables mentioned by "Fox," are usually made of beech and English wood, peculiarly liable to attacks of the wood worm. For such ordinary articles, I know of no remedy if the means adopted by Mr. W. G. Rogers in restoring the world-famous carvings of Gibbons is inapplicable or too expensive. The carvings in the chapel at Chatsworth were restored by Mr. Rogers in the following manner:-To destroy the insects, he placed the carvings in a strong solution of corrosive sublimate (chloride of mercury) in water. The original tint of the wood, being impaired by this, was restored by ammonia and muriatic acid. An infusion of gum or gelatine was afterwards injected to fill up the worn holes, and strengthen the fabric of the carvings. An after-varnish of resin, dissolved in spirits, restored day. All English woods are liable to attacks of wormthem to their original beauty-sound, I believe, to this English walnut, oak, beech, or any others used in furniture, perfect immanity from which is noticed in the case of foreign woods.-BEFORE NOON. (12004.]-Nitrate of Soda is met with in Spain, and in various parts of India, but the most remarkable deposit occurs in Pern, in a tract of country about thirty-five miles from the coast, where no rain falls, and even wind is hardly known, with scarcely a trace of vegetable matter. The depth of the deposit varies from 5in. to 5ft., and extends over the country for several leagues. Genuine nitrate of soda should not contain more than 7 per cent. of impurities. The nitrogen which it contains in the form of nitric acid is the element that stimulates the wheat plant to a healthy growth. I shall be happy to give further par ticulars, if necessary, regarding its manufacture and uses, &c.-SODA. take a picture by a single bi-convex lens; but it will [12009.)-Photographic Lens.-It is possible to require a pretty small stop in front, and so will be alow. An arrangement must also be made to allow the plate to lie a little nearer to the lens than the ground glass is, as the chemical focus is shorter than the visual the one-twentieth part of the focal length of the lens. focus. If I remember correctly, the difference is about A lens with a focal length of about 5in. will give a very good picture the size mentioned. If "A Beginner" is going to purchase a lens, he should get an achromatic on at first, and then he will have no difficulty about the chemical and visual foci. An unmounted achromatic view lens to take pictures 8in. x 44in. will only cost about 58. "A Beginner" will also find the collodion process much easier to manage than the calotype.OCCASIONAL PHOTO. [12012.]-Water-Power.-Better than assuming a deprecatory title, such as "Ignoramus," would be a careful attention to, and a plain and fall description of, a case requiring an answer. Would not "Ignoramus " see, with a little consideration, that his question is so vague as not to admit of an answer? What is a "3in. run of water (through a 3in. pipe)" as to quantity? I am sure I do not know. Now, if the question had been put in this form: There is water at A, and it rana The quantity of water, whatever it may be, is sufficient through a 3in. pipe from A to B. The point B is ft. from A, horizontally, and ft. below it, vertically. to keep the pipe constantly running fall. At the point B there is a sudden drop, or fall, of be the best, &c. ? Such a question would admit of a answers, according to their opinions, but at least they definite answer. Different parsons might give different would have data upon which to give them.-C. S. it. What would [12014.]-Organ.-If "E C.." will look back at "our" MECHANIC of January 26, 1872, on p. 483, he will find both drawing and explanation of what be requires.-YORK. [12020.]-Tireing Cart-Wheels.-In answer to "U. V. W.," if the wheel is merely dished-that is, if the tops of the felloes are upright with the wheel, the tire will not require bevelling; but if the felloes are bevelled to make the tire wear even, shut the tire up a between. Years ago many elderly ladies had corks made for winter wear, and your humble servant has had a round sum for building them. If "Wee Pet" lens, EA, DC, LB, rays falling upon it, these con- little smaller than the front or smallest edge of wheel can work to or understand a sketch, I send him one. The upper is the same as the ordinary one, the inner sole rounded upon the last, but the chamfer is more upright than for welts. The box for cork is a rann of tight rainge leather, prepared the same way with chamfer as the ordinary welt, but is not sewn on the same as ordinary welts, but vertical, or at right angles with the sole (see B, Fig. 2, which is a section). The rann proper is a piece of good kipp or calf, tough, and not too tight. This is laid down upon the upper and sewn between the box and upper. The box piece should be long enongh to pare to shape and thickness required. After the cork is fitted in with good resin paste, draw the rann over and lace it, and stitch the Bole to the rann edge (see arrows, Fig. 1). The dotted E verge nearly to a point at F, CF is the focal length, or if the thick ness of the lens is to be considered I F is the focal length. One very simple way of determining it is to use the lens as a burning glass and observe the distance of the object which produces the best effect, or else use it in a telescope tube with one eye lens of known focal length. When the best definition is obtained the distance between the lenses is measured, if the eye-lens be concave, as in an opera glass, its focal length added to this distance will give the focal length of the object glass. If the eye-glass be a convex one, showing an inverted image, subtract its focal length from the distance between the lenses. As applied to photography, cæteris paribus, a lens of short focus acts more quickly but does not give so good a definition, except in the part focussed for, the centre of the field.-PHILANTHROPIST. [11993.]-Photographic Process.-There is no dry process yet discovered which has the rapidity of exposure and development peculiar to wet plates. But, if Editor) send particulars of a dry-plate process which "Anon." wishes, I will (with permission of our kind gives very good results indeed, with one to two minutes expose; good light; single stereo. lens three-sixteenths aperture.-J. DAVID SMITH. [11995.]-Patent Rights.-The result of any party patenting a machine similar to another, which has been in use previously, is that the second patent is invalid and worthles.-A., Liverpool. to draw it up tight when on, then hammer round towards one edge of tire to bevel it to fit the largest edge of wheel, which may be tried by running both tire and wheel with the traveller, with which I suppose you are acquainted. For wheel 8ft. 8in. high, tire fin. For wheel 4ft. 10in. high, same size tire, say 1ip. by gin., say in. smaller than the wheel in circumference. smaller. The size varies, the thicker and larger the tire the smaller in proportion it should be, as it will expand more in heating.-A. B. [12021.]-Turning.-All you require is a metal chuck with a piece of hard wood driven in, to chuck up cylinder to bore, which is easily done as follows: When chucked up, turn the mouth perfectly true, take a piece of hard wood turned to size of bore, and tapered off, run a cat with tenon saw across the diameter, and insert a piece of sheet steel, say part of the busk of a pair of stays, or crinoline steel will do if B A brass cylinder, as thus:-A is a steel cutter with square edge slightly projecting above wood B at end, and scarcely any at full diameter, drive up slowly with back headstocks; the covers can be done in same chncke. -A., Liverpool. [12022.]-Forest and Rainfall.-I am not aware that it has been asserted that "the destruction of forests causes a diminution of the rainfall" if we understand by that the rainfall over a considerable length of time, but it has been noticed on the European continent (and I believe first in France) that the effect of clearing the forests has been to cause the total amount of rain to flow off the ground more unequally during short lengths of time, therefore causing floods ai some times and drought at others; and it was after an excessive flood which swept away a railway viaduct and part of an embankment that, as far as I know, attention was first drawn to this question. At present I can only echo the question pat-"Where can the best information on this subject be found?"-C. S. [12034.]-Photographic.-It is likely that the glasses are all right, but a smaller stop is wanted to give sharpness all over the plate. This is how the glasses of a portrait lens are placed:-The front pair are cemented together and are placed with the convex side towards the sitter. The back pair are separated by a ring, the concave glass with its convex side next the front lens and the double-convex glass with its most convex side towards the concave glass.OCCASIONAL PHOTO. [12024.]-Photographic.-Let "One in a Fix" insert a suitable stop in front of his lens. I think his difficulty will be then overcome. It will, of course necessitate a longer exposure.-J. DAVID SMITH. [12026.]-Greenheart Timber.-Greenheart is used for wine laths-that is to say, a great quantity is cut for such purposes; the exact way of using I cannot tell. The size the laths are cut is one inch by one half inch; any length over 4ft. Greenheart is also used for gun carriages, and I have had portions of old ships made of such. I do not know if it has any special use apart from what I have stated, with the exception of a few fancy goods requiring hard woodssuch as office rulers, draughts, &c. I should expect it would stand any amount of sun and weather. Santa Maria timber, as regards the cabinet trade, was a failure. I have cut a great quantity of it. It very much resembles mahogany, but it differs from mahogany when being made up. It very soon splits-for instance, chair legs turned out of Santa Maria, when being mortised, split sooner than deal. It also contains a kind of grit that dulls the tools and notches them. I should not advise it myself for cart shafts or cart panels, or any kind of work likely to receive rough usage, unless of any bulk. Most of the woods purchased at the sales at the dockyards are the remains or refuse of ship building and manufactories of gun carriages. I have attended many sales at Woolwich and Deptford, and never saw much greenheart or Santa Maria. The wood principally consists of teak, mahogany, birch, beech, elm, and at intervals greenheart, African oak, English oak, American oak, fir, and deals.-SAMUEL SMITHER. [12027.]-Albert Durer's Engravings.-The distinguishing marks on Durer's etchings are his monogram, his softness, and his touch. A number of his plates can be seen at the British Museum.XYLOGRAPHER, [12029.]-Object Glass.-The layer of air between two lenses will always cause a loss of more light by reflection than a similar layer of balsam would, the latter having nearly as refractive a density as glass, and at the surface dividing equally refractive media, there is no reflection at all. But some object glasses have the two surfaces that meet of very different radii, and then the inclosed lens of air is necessary, and balsam would not supply its place.-E. L. G. soft. [12081.]-Hot Peas.-Let the peas stand in cold water all night. Afterwards place them in a pan of water, just allowing the water to cover them, add a good-sized ham bone. It must have ham on, of course. Place the pan upon the fire, and as the water boils add salt and pepper. After a time the whole will become After which nothing remains but to eat them with a little vinegar. Numbers of hawkers prepare them this way. I often indulge in them myself, with sundry misgivings as to the quality of the meat em. ployed, which is often mere slink.-JOHN HOPKINS. [12034.]-Ordnance Map of London and Environs.-Trinity high-water mark at London. bridge is 12:48ft. above approximate mean water at Liverpool.-H. C. L. [12035.] University of Turin. Unless "Silex "intended to enrol himself as a candidate for one of the Government examinations, no special inquiry would be made as to his nationality, and no fees are expected. As, however, a five years' residence in the kingdom gives a foreigner the right of citizenship, no fear need be entertained of rejection on the grounds of nationality, but a small fee, amounting I believe to about 100f. per annum-£4-is required of those who intend enrolling themselves as candidates for examination. Learn Italian and French tolerably before going, as otherwise you will lose much time; take Bulwer's advice and avoid Englishmen abroad; attend the really excellent classes in German, French, Spanish, Latin, Greek, besides Chemistry, Botany, Physiology, &c., and you cannot fail of coming home a better and wiser man. But avoid all gambling, be it billiards or cards, for the Italians are crack players at the former, and rather too strong for an Englishman at the latter. Above all, do not let the delightful softness of the climate superinduce a like softness in your purpose.-S. BOTTONE. [12089.]-The Pressure of the Wind. This question is put in a wrong form. The intention is, I will assume, to ask what effect the wind of a given force, acting at right angles to a plane surface one foot square, would have in moving it horizontally, suppos ing it to be laid flat and horizontal, and taking no account of the thickness of its edges. And then the questioner, in the latter part of his question, assumes that the wind acts obliquely to the surface of the plate. But this is a form of "begging the question." If the plate in the first instance is to be supposed to be at right angles to the direction of the wind acting horizontally, then there is no oblique action at all. The action of the wind blowing horizontally upon a flat and horizontal surface, tending to move it, is that of friction only. In order to determine what the force of friction would be we must know the velocity, and this is not stated. It is left to any answerer to guess, or assume, what velocity would correspond to a pressure of 1lb. per square foot. Let the inquirer tell us what is the velocity of a wind that will exert a pressure of 1lb. per square foot, on a surface placed at right angles to its direction, and then one may be able, by reason of mechanical laws, to say with what force such a wind would tend to move a plate horizontally.-C. S. [12039.]-The Pressure of the Wind.-A late number of the Mechanics' Magazine contains a series of experiments on this subject. An inclined plane having an inclination to the horizon of 15°, experienced an upward pressure of about four times as much as the horizontal resistance. We might have expected such results from the theory of the resolution of forces. When 0-15°, cosine is about four times as great as zontal direction, but at a slight angle downwards.sine . I do not think that the wind blows in a hori PHILANTHROPIST. [12041.]-Burnishers for Brasswork, either for use in the lathe, or at the vice by hand, are nothing more than pieces of steel hardened, polished, and coloured on an emery top, and of the shape suitable for the description of work. Brass is lacquered after it is burnished to prevent its tarnishing.-W. ALLAN. [12045.]-Analysis.-In order to determine the relative quantities of sulphur and beeswax in the analyse, the only accurate method will be to convert mixture which your correspondent "Lictor" wishes to the sulphur into sulphuric acid, and then into sulphate of barium, and from that to calculate the amount of sulphur present. In order to effect this, weigh ont (say) 100 grains of the mixture and add pure nitric acid, then warm and add gradually portions of chlorate of potash. So soon as the sulphur is oxidised add hydrochloric acid and evaporate almost to dryness, and then filter. To the filter add a quantity of water, and then a solution of chloride of barium and boil; allow to stand till almost cold, then pour the clear liquid upon a filter (the amount of ash which is left on burning being estimated); add a fresh quantity of water, and repeat the operation several times; and, lastly, pour the precipitate upon the filter, dry, and ignite upon a platinum or porcelain dish; allow to cool, then add a few drops of sulphuric acid, and heat gradually; then weigh. From the following data the amount of sulphur may be calculated. 233 parts of sulphate of barium = 32 parts of sulphur.-ANDREW F. HARGREAVES. [12047.]-Radius of Sector.-If it be a sectorthat is, if the two cnts would meet at the common centre of the curves-their radii are in the same ratio as their lengths, or the lengths of their chords. "T. E. G.," therefore, has only to work the "rule of three " sum:-As the difference of the two chords (or of the two curves) is to the outer chord (or outer curve, as the case may be), so is the difference of the two radii to the outer radius.-E. L. G. of cold in the previous winter. If a swarm has taken possession "C. R. H." will observe the workers bringing home loads of pollen on their legs in fine weather, when we get any, and the bees will remain in his hive all night, but if they are robbers they will bring nothing to the hive at all, and except a few benighted or benumbed bees none will be left in the hive after dark. It was culpable carelessness, at least, on the part of "C. R. H." to leave a hive in which bees bave perished, and which might contain the germs of disease, to be preyed upon by a neighbour's bees; but if "C. R. H." placed it on its stand to become, as it were, a trap to catch a neighbour's swarm, the action was simply dishonest.-C. N. ABBOTT, Hanwell, W. easily distinguished from chloride of potassium, as the [12061.]-Chemical-Chlorate of potassium is former does not form a precipitate with nitrate of silver, whilst the latter produces a white curdy precipitate, which turns blue in the daylight, and is entirely soluble in liquor ammonia.-F. T. [12061.] Chemical. In answer to "Emily Jane," chlorate of potash (or, more correctly, of potassium) when melted in อ test-tube evolves oxygen, and a match dropped into the hot liquid deflagrates vividly. With concentrated sulphuric acid the solid salt gives a deep yellow explosive gas, and soluble in water. The solution of a chlorate gives possessing bleaching properties, while the chloride evolves hydrochloric acid gas, reddening litmus paper no precipitate with nitrate of silver, but a chloride produces white, curdy, silver chloride, insoluble in nitric acid, and gradually darkening in the light. Consequently, if the chlorate contain chloride, which is often the case, a precipitate will be produced on addition of silver nitrate. To detect small quantities of chlorate in solution, and in the absence of chloride, acidify with dilate sulphuric acid, and make blue with solution of indigo. Then add gradually a solution of discolorise the indigo; excess of sulphite will presulphurous acid or sodium sulphite. In the presence of a chlorate chlorine will be liberated, which will vent the reaction. If a chloride be present in a liquid together with a chlorate, they are best detected as follows:-Add nitrate of silver to the solution, and filter from the precipitated chloride. of sodium sulphito add nitrate of silver till a permanent precipitate is produced, then add dilute nitric acid till clear. Mix the solution with the filtrate from the chloride of silver, when a fresh precipitate of chloride of silver will be produced if chlorate is present. The precipitation is immediate and complete on heating, but only occurs slowly in the cold. If instead of nitrate and nitric acid the test is still more sulphate of silver and sulphuric acid are employed perfect, and the presence of nitrate may readily be detected, if desired, in the filtrate from the second precipitate of silver chloride.-ALFRED H. ALLEN. To a solution [12061.]-Chemical.-In reply to "Emily Jane " (p. 313) potassium chloride may be distinguished from the chlorate by precipitating it with nitrate of silver, which will leave the chlorate in solution.-J. ROSKELL. [12062.]-Induction Coil.-1. It is indifferent which way you lay the secondary wire; but it is usual to coil it in the same direction as the primary. 2. Yes, when you have laid one coil from end to end varnish it, when dry cover it with a layer of guttapercha, and then proceed to lay on another coil. Full illustrations have been given in back numbers.-S. BOTTONE. [12048.]-Trip to Ireland.-Black's or Bradshaw's Guides to Ireland, and tourists' handbooks. I [12072.]-Magnetic Moment.-The quotation forget the exact titles. -PHILANTHROPIST. which "Beacon Longh" wishes explained is one which coloured, but transparent (or non-opaque) body, neces[12050.]-Socotrine Aloes. Any intensely-presupposes that the reader understands the technical mathematical term "moment," and of the readers of sarily, by the laws of optics, appears of deep colour in the mass, but a very pale shade when ground small. Thus, you may grind the deepest blue glass used ornamentally (or any mock gem, or real either) into a nearly white powder. The blue glass ground to make even the palest smalt blue is in the mass merely jet black. Dry gamboge will illustrate the same fact, being slightly transparent, but with the singular property of turning opaque when wetted.-E. L. G. [12055.] - Works on Pedal Playing. The most useful studies out for the pedals are those by W. T. Best, Esq., Organist, Albert Hall, Kensington, and St. George's Hall, Liverpool. Novello and Co. Price 12s. If "A Straggling Organist" wishes to master the pedals, get the book, learn the first study before the second, attend to the directions given, and by the time he gets to the last study, he will find no difficulty in any pedal obligato he may meet in organ music.-YORK. think you could have a better book for instructions on [12055.]-Works on Pedal Playing.-I don't playing the pedals than George Cooper's "Introduction to the Organ for the Use of Students." Price 6s. Rinck's are also very good. Cooper's may, perhaps, be out of print, as I have had mine about ten years.— W. H. SKELTON. [12056.]-Echo.-A curtain of thick woollen cloth, hung from the point, and fastened to the sides of the roof, will stop the echo complained of. "J. T. O." must find out by experiment the depth required, as, of course, that will depend upon the height of the building, &c.-SACRISTAN. [12058.]-Bees.-Swarm or Brood. It is just possible that a swarm of bees has taken possession of the hive, but the great probability is that the hive contained a quantity of honey which some neighbouring becs have been plundering, hence the busy appearance. It would be absurd to suppose the heat of the sun in June could revive the bees that have perished Ferguson probably not one in a thousand does this. The moment of any agency is its relative power in some especial application; the moment of a magnet is its power to return to its position of N. and S. after disturbance, or rather the force required to deflect it from that position; this depends on the actual intensity of the magnetism, and also on the length of the magnet-i.c., the leverage exerted by its energy supposed to be concentrated in its poles (not its ends). As this is comparative any units may be used; but the absolute units are the only ones desirable to employ.-SIGMA. [12073.]-Scarlet Runners. - Scarcely worth while, even if possible, these beans being so peculiarly subject to thermometrical changes.-HENRY NEWMAN. [12078.]-Cabbage Planting. - Rhubarb. I would advise George Richardson to obtain seed of the Early Dwarf York, as one of the best early cabbages. If bis garden is in an exposed situation, and in the North of England, I say do not plant cabbage in winter, as they very rarely grow to any size. Dig in manure in autumn, and let the ground lie in a rough state all winter, and merely turn the top soil over when he puts in his plants. When he is digging in the manure he may trench it to the depth of 18in. As to rhubarb, it ought to be planted in autumn and watered freely with soapsuds.-BED OF STONE. [12079.]-Detonating Crackers.-A small pieco of fulminate of silver is mixed up with small pieces of gannister. When thrown upon the ground the friction upon the fulminate causes the explosion.-ELECTRIC. [12080.]-Analysis of Manures and Assayquery, and crept in by mistake. "X. Y. Z." must ask for his information through an advertisement, and he will get replies.-ED. ing for Certain Metals.-This is a commercial [12081.]-Chemistry.-In answer to "Molecule," for the detection of phosphoric and arsenic acids, make a [12099.]-To Advanced Chemists.-Drink large quantities of pure milk, after it has become sour, as the lactic acid which has been thus produced forms with magnesia a compound soluble in water. remedy has very often been applied with success by Prof. Bouchardat, of the Faculty of Medicine in Paris. -F. T. This solution of ammonium molybdate in water, or boil [12100.]-Venomous Serpents.-The "snake the given conditions-namely, acid liquors containing [12081.] Chemistry. - Arsenic will be distinguished most often by the red yellow precipitate it forms with sulphuretted hydrogen, the red precipitate it forms with nitrate of silver, and still better by the ring it produces in the Marsh apparatus. For the research of phosphoric acid try the action of magnesium sulphate, which produces a white crystalline precipitate soluble in acids; that of nitrate of silver which forms a yellow precipitate, soluble in ammonia and diluted nitric acid; and that of molybdate of ammoniam, which produces in a solution of phosphate acidulated with nitric acid a yellow precipitate, which appears sometimes immediately, sometimes after a moderate heat has been applied to the test tubes.-F. T. [12089.]-Felt Hats.-Perspiration, or grease, or both, soaks through. Dissolve some ammonia in warm water, and wash the hats with it, using a piece of cloth, black or light according to the colour of the hat. -SACRISTAN. [12094.] Preserving Caterpillars.-Kill the caterpillar by immersion in boiling water. Cut a small slit at the posterior segment, from which you must extract the intestines and fatty matter. Fill up with cotton wool, which has been previously soaked in an alcoholic solution of camphor and mercury bichloride. This is about the best means known, but it is very unsatisfactory.-S. BOTTONE. = ม + y + 3 = 28, 11782 Band, 185 y's 25 = 19 y = 9, y y2 = 2 2 = 3,.. 3 x = 3. From equation 2nd, 3 x 12, .. x = 4.-SUMMA. -xy y2 = 3. Let a = vy. Then (1st) v2 y2 36 36 3 = 28, 3 v2 ...y 3, and x = = 25 11783 Molten Lenses, 185 11787 Electric Signal Bell, 185 QUERIES. [12126.]- Draconis.-Will "F. R. A. S." oblige me by referring to query No. 11716, which he kindly an9 swered on p. 171? Then, however, I did not obtain the answer I required. I took my idea from the following passage, which is from a paper by P. Smyth, on the Great Pyramid. Will "F. R. A. 8." kindly explain it ? "The writer ascertained also that the entrance passage had been pointed at a Draconis when crossing the meridian below the pole, at a distance of 3° 42 therefrom." But the question which puzzled him was, "which of the two times of the star being that distance from the pole, could have been the one intended to be typified?" For two such conflicting times there were, seeing that the star's closest approach to the pole, and within only ten minutes thereof, occurred near the year 2800 B.C.; and on that account, both 600 years before such date, equally with 600 years after it, the star must have reached (though on opposite sides) by its uniform "precessional displacement, the typical 8° 42′ inIt is the latter part dicated by the entrance passage." which I wish particularly to have explained.-J. X. T. [12127.]-Herbs.-Can any one recommend to me s good (cheap) work on the medicinal properties of the common English field herbs?-HEDERA. 28, 4; or 49 y2+7 y2 = 28, .. y = V, z = 7√.-WILLMOTT HENDERSON. [12105.]-Equation.-All simultaneous homogeneous equations can be solved by putting one variable equal to a multiple of the other. Let x = y v solve with respect to v. If you find such easy equations as this too hard for you get the key to the book. -MATHEMATICIAN. [12128]-Portable Dark Tent.-Will some of your numerous readers favour me with instructions for making a portable photographic dark tent, for working small plates in? Any hints as to the construction, material for covering the person, mode of applying it, &c., will greatly oblige-OCCASIONAL PHOTO. [12129.] - Fire Bars. Will some correspondent wrought-iron bars, and why the latter are always used inform me whether cast-iron fire-bars last longer than in locomotives and never in stationary or marine boilers? The fusing point of cast iron is, no doubt, less me up to a certain point better than wrought iron. than that of wrought iron; but some authorities state that east iron resists the wasting action of heat and Perhaps the chemical properties of the coal have something to do with the duration of the bars, and will affect cast iron less than wrought. Does Welsh steam coal of the best quality require a less air space between the bars, or a greater one than wrought iron ?-ROBERT JOHNSON. [12130.]-Electricity.-Will some one of your elec what extent a current of electricity from a common machine is similar to one from a galvanic battery? How far will it produce the same effects ?-E. T. S. [12110.]-Silver Plating.-If "Electro" will place his solution into a large open pan and then add sulphuric acid very carefully the silver will be precipitated in the form of sulphate of silver. When it is settled he may pour off the supernatant liquor, collect the sulphate, dry it, and then send to the refiners.trical correspondents be so good as to inform me to Perhaps the cause of the silver depositing brown is, if a bright solution, an excess of bisulphide of carbon. Remove the gold by the porous cell process, when the gold will go into your gilding solution. If "Electro" lives in the neighbourhood of Sheffield, I shall be very glad to put it to rights for him gratis.-ELECTRIC. [12115.] - Battery. The description of my arrangement of battery shall be given at an early date in my papers on "Electro-metallurgy" now commenced. It has given me great satisfaction.-SIGMA. [12124.]-Voice Weakness.-Speaking and sing. ing loud are good, but you can't sing to the accompaniment of a "light catarrh." Is the fault occasional or constant: in the larynx er langs ?-HENRY NEWMAN. [12097.]-Venetian Blinds.-Procure some ordinary paint, and add spirit of turpentine till the paint is very thin indeed, then lay it on in the usual way. Blind-makers dip the laths into the paint; but unless "F. A. R." has a great many laths to colour, I think he had better not do that. At least three coats will be required; then varnish in the usual way.-Sacristan. [12098.]-Dandelion Roots.-I am not a medical London Association of Foremen Engineers. man, so that I should not feel justified in recommending-At the last monthly meeting, on Saturday, Jane the anything of which I had not personal experience. With regard to Taraxacum, or dandelion, it is usually held to be an excellent remedy for the disease mentioned by my interlocutor. But I should certainly not advise him to make his own extract, as that necessitates the use of a vacuum pan. Let him go to some respectable manufacturing chemist, such as Morson, Bell, Barton, &c., and ask for extract of taraxacum, and he will get a much better article than he could possibly prepare, at a very low figure. The process usually adopted in ita preparation consists in washing the roots, crushing them between rollers, expressing the juice from the pulp by means of a screw or other press, and finally evaporating the juice in a vacuum pan, until it attains the consistency of stiff jam.-S. BOTTONE. [12131.]-Electricity Applied to Engraving.writing? If not, I should like the opinion of corre Has electricity been applied to engraving and copying spondents on a suggestion. Suppose a metallic plate, thinly coated with wax, to be subjected to the action of a galvanic battery (the engraving or writing being previously drawn with a steel point to remove the wax on the parts to appear in the engraving), we should have a deposit of copper, &c., in relief, and the plate, when taken from the battery and the wax removed, might be printed from as in a wood engraving.-PHILANTHROPIST. [12132]-Polariscope.-I have endeavoured to con struct a polariscope thus:-I have arranged two layers of crown glass plates (16in. each) at an angle of 56 45 in two different pill boxes, holes about the size of sixpences being cut in lids and bottoms of the boxes, bat upon revolving either layer the light at 90° or 270° is but slightly dimmed. I have placed various crystals between the analysing and polarising layers, but can get no colours. I wish, if possible, to do without tourmaline, sele site, or Nichol's prism. Should dimness or perfect darkness be produced at 90° and 2702 by revolving either analyser or polariser? Should the tubes be blackened inside? Can brilliant colours be obtained by simple brindles of glass, arranged at 56 45? If so where do I fail? Pray help the-NEEDY. 1st, Mr. J. Irvine, vice-president, in the chair, a paper [12133.]-Hard Water.-The water from the well in my house is very hard, and a medical man gives it as his opinion that it will cause gravel, if used for drinking purposes. Can anything be done to it? Will Condy's fluid be of any use?-J. PEARCE. Are there any means to bring it back to its former state of quality ?-KEIGHLEY. [12185.]-Chest Expander.-I am in the habit of using a chest expander, but I find that after using them short time they generally break at the junction of the indiarubber with the handle. Will "Jack of All Trades" or some of "our" mechanical contributors kindly tell me how to make one to act by the compression of a spring, and to be capable of being set to suit different degrees of strength ?--THOMAS SOUTHWELL. [12186.]-Monkey or Jamaica Nut.-What is this nut's real name? I have planted a few of them, which have now sprung up; they grow very quickly; the nut is of a yellow-brown colour, rough, and is like a small sausage, lin. long, and slightly squeezed in the centre. It generally contains two kernels, which taste like an uncooked broad bean and are situate at each end. The leaf is lilac-shaped and is made of three petals or branches. Will the plant outlive an English winter? -J. D. [12187.] Liquid and Solid. - What are the generally received definitions of the words liquid and solid? In a book before me mercury is called a solid, while in Ganot's "Natural Philosophy," it is ranked with the liquids.-C. P. E. [12138]-Chemicals that Absorb Moisture.Will some one give me a list of chemicals that absorb moisture from the air? Not such as lime, which does not thereby become damp, but such as become and remain wet from the moisture absorbed.-LXXXVIII. [12139.]-Mechanical Education.-Will you or any of your readers inform me of a school where they give a thorough practical mechanical education ? QUADRANT, Nottingham. [12140.]-Chemical.-Can any one tell me if the mode of making potassium by Professor Dolbear, and described in last week's MECHANIC is at all dangerous? I have hitherto understood that it is not the cost of the materials so much as the danger incurred in making it that is the reason of its being so dear. Also, how would it be separated from the coal-oil completely, so as to be fit to use?-J. S. HOYLES. [12141.] Watchmaking. Will "A Yorkshire Pivot" kindly inform me how to put an isochronous hairspring to a lever watch? Also, how to put a new jewel hole in the 'scape wheel cock of a Geneva watch? -No AMATEUR. [12142]-Leaky Tubes.-What is the proper way to stop the tubes leaking in a portable engine, firebox end. The tubes are very good?-F. G. R. [12148.]-Cayenne.-I have to pack occasionally a [12153.]-Ant Hill Earth.-Could "Khoda Bux" kindly put me in the way of importing some of the anthill earth, mentioned a year or so ago by "Eos" (who for some reason seems at present eclipsed), as used by native jewellers, &c., as moulds for casting metals into ? A quart or so would be sufficient. I will give my fellow readers the benefit of any success I may obtain by using 1 plaster as answering for brass, &c., and so it does, but it. In a former letter i mentioned 2 brick dust and I want something harder and not so friable as this mixture heated red hot becomes.-PROVEN. [12154.]-Coloured Printing Inks.-Will "Zoo Andra" be kind enough to mention the name of the varnishes used in mixing the above?-H. W. [12155.]-The Suspended Shilling.-Another Reason Wanted.-Like the problem of lifting heavy weights without difficulty, the following is an old experiment, but may, like that, afford food for the ingenuity of some of our" experimentalists, in trying to discover the raison d'être. Tie a shilling to one end of piece of thread, and hold the other end between the thumb and forefinger of the right hand; rest the elbow upon the table and throw back the hand so that the shilling be suspended in the centre of an empty tumbler. thread shall pass over the ball of the thumb, and let the Premising that the hand of the operator be perfectly steady, the shilling will in a few moments become perfectly steady also, and will maintain a state of rest for a moment or two, when it will assume the motion of a pendulum, increasing in velocity until it strikes against the sides of the glass, which it will do a number of times equal to that of the hour which is nearest at hand-e.g. if the operation be performed at (say) a quarter to twelve, it will strike the glass twelve times; if at a quarter to one, only once. Its motion will then gradually subside until it again remains suspended at perfect rest, after which it will move no more. I have repeatedly performed this experiment successfully, and have witmessed others do the same. I have also seen others, shilling persistently refusing to oscillate. The former whose hands appeared equally steady, utterly fail, the part of the experiment may be explained, I imagine, by the action of the pulse, but how to account for the shilling striking the hour is the desideratum.-H. G. W. [12156]-Mice Eating Peas.-I have sown both thing else eat them. Please say what would prevent peas and beans in my garden twice, but mice or somethese marauders doing so.-SEAGOE. [12157.)-Smell of Paint.-Will some one be good enough to say what will take away the unpleasant smell of new paint ?-SEAGOE. J. C. Molton or any brother reader of "our" valued [12158.)-Packing Rings of Piston-Would Mr. account for the Yorkshire wold-combes? (2) How does he account for them ?-HEDERA. [12170.]-Dyeing.-Can any reader inform me if there is an association for the special instruction of dyers in the chemistry of dyeing, in any town in the United States? If so, where ?-JEUNE TEINTURIER. [12171.]-Utilising Chemical Products.-Will Mr. Bottone, "Sigma," or any other competent kind friend, inform me of a method to save the following valuable products, which I am convinced ought not to be thrown away? In electro-plating establishments silver is stripped from articles by means of saltpetre in hot sulphuric acid, and then precipitated by common salt. I am not a chemist, but I suppose when the chloride of silver is taken from the solution, there remains nitrate of soda and sulphate of potash diluted with about eight times their volume of water. How can I crystallise out. these salts to pay? I should like to take them out in the form of caustic potash and soda if possible. Can it be done by means of lime ?-SUBSCRIBER. [12172]-Constipation.-As a regular subscriber may I ask for advice of your numerous and talented correspondents for the following:-I am a dreadful of your correspondents have received relief from this sufferer for most obstinate constipation. Perhaps some annoyance, and would gladly give their experience for the benefit of a sufferer. I have been under eight doctors, and they give me no relief-at least only temporary.-H. S. A. [12178-1-Coloured Ink.-I have used Judson's dyes make various fancy inks with, yet they all seem to want which I find advertised in the ENGLISH MECHANIC, to lustre when they become dry on the paper. I would be glad if some correspondent would tell me what to add to impart this required quality.-E. B. F. [12174.]-Agriculture-I am anxious to know how to discern between red clover and American cow-grass, and beg to submit the query to the kindness of some of alike in appearance, are strangely different in the effects "our" agricultural readers. These grasses, so seemingly they produce on cattle fed on them. The cow grass may be eaten with impunity, but the red clover, if eaten to excess, generates such quantities of gas in the cow's stomach, that it swells to an immense size, ruptures and bursts, so that the cow dies speedily.-E. B. F. [12175.]-Soundboard.-"The Harmonious Blacksmith" has told us that the tones of a musical box can be increased in loudness by placing the instrument on a Will he kindly say what size, and how soundboard. I am to construct a soundboard suitable for a musicalbox which is about 2ft. in length by 8in. square and would it not be better to take the mechanism out of the I generally have a cold after it, caused, I believe, by the gross or two of small packets containing cayenne. MECHANIC, tell me how to turn up and fit the packing box, and screw it directly on the board ?-E. B. F. cayenne. Can any of your readers give a plan so that I can escape its disagreeable effects? It also causes me to sneeze very much.-J. G. best mode of constructing half-timber framing for outside walls giving the best method of keeping the weather from the interior. I propose doing it thus-BEE. [12145.]-Small Steam Boiler. I have a table engine, cylinder depth, 54in.; bore, 24in. Would any brother reader state through the columns of the! MECHANIC the dimensions of the boiler I should require to drive it with facility? Also best shape, thickness of copper, whether riveted or brayed, and probable cost? J. E. C. [12146.]-How to Procure a Patent.-I have constructed a new apparatus which I am desirous to protect by letters patent, but have no means to employ a law agent. Will any of my fellow subscribers to this journal kindly inform me how I may proceed to obtain a patent myself? and they will greatly oblige-G. Y. [12147.)-Cochineal. The other day I made a fixateur for the hair, after a recipe in Beesley's "Useful Druggists' Receipt Book," adding mucilage of trajacanth to a solution of cochineal in spirits of wine, scenting with otto of roses. Instead of being coloured red as one might expect, the resulting compound was of a dirty grey colour. What was the cause of this ?-D. N. E. [12148.]-Boiler Query.-I have a boiler of sheetiron three-sixteenths inch thick, riveted with fin. rivets lin. apart, 2ft. 6in. high, 1ft. 10in. diameter, with six tubes of lin. internal diameter of iron external fire-box. What is the greatest pressure it is safe to work at, and what horse-power is it?-LANCA. [12149.]--Fellmongering.-Will any readers inform me how wool is taken off sheepskins by means of spirits, or recommend a work on "Fellmongering?"-CAPE COLONY. [12150.]-Photography.-Could any subscriber of practical experience advise an amateur which would be the best process for him to adopt-viz., the old plan of collodion and silver bath or the new collodio-bromide process? I should work either process in the wet state and chiefly for portraiture. A hint or two as to the advantages and disadvantages of either process and short working details, would oblige-TRIPOD. [12151]-Concrete Engine Beds.-I wish to know if there are any concrete engine beds in use, and, if so, how do they answer? Are they as substantial and firm as those of ashlar stones? Does the concrete take long to set ?-NORTH-WEST YORKSHIRE [12152]-Dyeing Raw Cotton-Would some of "our" brother readers kindly inform me the cheapest and quickest way to dye raw cotton a good black, if possible, by only one immersion in the dye ?-F. E. rings to a piston? Mine is 3in. diameter; are they [12159.]-Lime Juice.-Will Mr. S. Bottone or some [12160.]-Size of Iron Tool, &c.-Thanks to Mr. Purkiss for the kind and satisfactory manner with which he has answered my questions, but I wish to trouble him once more. Will he be kind enough to say what proportion he finds best of iron tool to mirror? I may, perhaps, just say I am anxious to arrive at perfection with my mirrors, hence the reason of my troubleing Mr. Parkiss. I have made some very good mirrors, and have one at present with which I can read (under favourable circumstances) the Inventor's column 180 yards distant.-OPTICAL BRICKLAYER. [12161.]-Mangle.-Will some kind mechanic help me? I wish to make a mangle. I want the sizes of timber in the frame, length and width of frame, and what sort of wood would stand best. The sort I want is one of those that works with a chain.—MANGLE [12162]-Machine Punches.- Will any reader kindly give a short description of any machine punches other than the lever, the screw, and that exerting force by an arrangement of cog-wheels ?-TRY AGAIN. [12163.)-Meerschaum Pipes.-Will "Zeta" describe the process of re-waxing a pipe? Can it be done by a non-professional? Also, how can I remove the colour from a pipe, which has not coloured nicely?-W. ALLAN. [12164]-Temperature of the Planets-In the article on "Jupiter" in the number for May 24, p. 244, it is assumed that an intensely heated planet is "unfit to be the abode of living creatures." Are there any scientific grounds for believing that our own temperature is the only one suited for living beings, or the best one? Does the great heat of Mercury, for instance, preclude that planet from swarming with creatures as delicately and wonderfully adapted to surrounding conditions-of which temperature is only one-as we are ourselves? — TELLUS. [12165.]-Cream Cheese.-Will some subscriber kindly inform me how to make a good cream cheese? Also, how to prepare or make rennet for the same?FLAX DRESSER. [12166.] The Enfield Rifle.-Why is the Enfield rifle bored out to 577 of an inch ?-WILLIAM MILLAR. [12167.]-Dry Soap.-I should be very glad to know, through the MECHANIC, the ingredients of, and modus operandi requisite to produce, the dry soap, such as Shaw's, now so much in use.-AN OLD WESTON SUB SCRIBER. good hydrogen flame, and for this purpose I have fre- quently put zinc with sulphuric acid and water, into a [12177.]-Algebra, In Todhunter's section 147, the author says that the expression 5 19 0 We intended at first to confine the sum to £10, but as others have signified their desire to subscribe, we will send us £1 18. each, we will transmit to "Jack" can have no possible objection. And if two others another cheque for £10 10s. "Jack" is at Matlock, and has been there a week, and is likely to derive much benefit from change of air and scenery, and the curative treatment he is undergoing. One reason why we willingly fall in with the desire to make the sum £21 in all, is that Jack has a large family solely dependent upon him for a livelihood. [12168.] Limelight or Electric-light for Magic Lantern.-The Committee of a Young Men's Christian Association are desirous of obtaining replies to the following queries from one of the many readers of the MECHANIC who has had practical acquaintance with the matters inquired of:-1. The first cost of a superior single and double lantern with limelight, and also with electric light, all necessary apparatus to be included. 2 The cost of working each for each occasion on which it might be used. 3. Which is the cleaner and more easily worked? 4. The advantages and disadvantages of each kind. 5. How many cells would be required for the electric light, and which kind of cell the best? 6. To what other uses could the electric light be put that the limelight could not? Any After the £21 are subscribed the list will be finally other information that might seem necessary would be closed. This must not be looked upon as a general subscription, but as a sum presented to a kindhearted, thankfully received.-Hox. SEC. [12169.]-E L. G" and the Yorkshire Wold-industrious, and deserving man, by a few brother Combes.-May I ask "E.L.G." (1) how the "Lyellists" readers who appreciate and respect him. CHESS. ALL communications intended for this department to to be addressed to J. W. ABBOTT, 7, Claremont-place, Loughborough-road, Brixton, S.W. A gathering of chess players will take place at the Crystal Palace on July the 18th and 20th, under the auspices of the British Chess Association. TO CORRESPONDENTS. J. K.-You will see that we have availed ourselves of R. A. PROCTOR (Clapham).-We are much obliged for A. R. MOLISON (Swansea).-The variation is wrong. If T. T. D.-Thanks. Next week. F. OWDEN (Hoxton), and WISE AF (Dulwich).-Problem G. W. K. L.-Thanks for your information on the AntiLancet philosophy. To publish your able letter would only advertise still further a piece of barefaced quackery. Some people don't care what is said about them as long as they can get talked about. They live by notoriety, and they would rather be exposed and painted in their true colours than treated with silence. We will not even gratify them by your withering exposure. Whoever will help us to put down shams, whether great or small, and to counteract the influence of humbug in any direction, has our heartiest thanks. We hate, with an inextinguishable hatred, quackery of all kinds, and we will take good care that the quack who has been trying, rather adroitly we admit, to advertise himself through our query columns shall not do so again. Once more, "G. W. K. L.," our thanks. -R. G. B.-Citrus.-W. H. T.-Noturb.-England. W. SMITH.-Your reply is an advertisement. J. WILKINS.-There is some force in your observations, try once more. realities. R. B.-Your solution of the "Fifteen School Girls" is NAUTILUS-By constant and reiterated application, and J. BARWICK.-Your letter on Scientific Education is F. E. D.-We do not know. F. PERRY, J. F., Great Walker, T. Baker, and Young J E. Crowther.-J. B. Ward.-D. H. G.-Capt. D. F swered. EQUILIBRIUM.-For what purpose, S. M. DRACH.-Your corrected diagram arrived too late. JOSEPH ROSKELL, T. C. S., and ANALYST.-Query 12080 was a commercial one, and got inserted by mistake. PNEUMATIC LEVER-Yours on "Defects in Harmoniums" next week. A CAREFUL READER.-See our footnote to "E. L. G.'s" letter. .M.-Certainly not. THE INVENTOR. APPLICATIONS FOR LETTERS PATENT DURING THE 1611 A. C. Hobbs, St. Martin's-le-Grand, and J. M. Hart, Cheapside, City, for improvements in safes and other depositories for property and other articles of value, and in doors for such and other places, and in locks or fastenings for the same, part of which improvements is applicable to other structures. 1612 C. A. C. Eckhold, Green-street, Leicester-square, for an improvement of an apparatus for supplying ink on a pen fixed in a holder. 1618 H. B. Barlow, Manchester, for improvements in machinery substances and other materials. A communication. or apparatus for washing, dyeing, and otherwise treating fibrous 1614 A. M. Clark, Chancery-lane, for an improved engraving, catting, and carving machine. A communication. 1616 S. Daer, Harewood-square, Middlesex, for an improved made of and apparatus for litting ships out of the water. 1616 J. H. Dennis, Liverpool, for improvements in the treatment of copper precipitate and in the utilisation of impurities contained therein. 1017 J. Pickup, Tong, Bradford, for improvements in grate bars. 1618 W. R. Lake, Southampton-buildings, for in rovements in the manufacture of railway rails, and in apparatas employed therefor. A communication. 1619 W. R. Lake, Southampton-buildings, for improvements in the manufacture of railway carriage and locomotive wheels, and in apparatus employed therefor. A communication. centrating light for signalling purposes, and in appliances con1620 J. Ridadale, Minories, City, for an improved means of connected therewith. 1621 P. A. Dacros, Bordeaux, France, for improvements in tricycles and like carriages. A communication. 1622 E. Burstow, Horsham, Sussex, for a new or improved ensh stop or fastener. 1623 D. Pidgeon and W. Manwaring, Banbury, for improvements in reaping machines. 1624 W. Hibell, Balsall Heath, Worcester, for improvements in annealing pots. 1635 H. K. Doria, Liverpool, for improvements in miners' safety lamps. 1626 A. Dawson and H. T. Dawson, The Cedars, Chiswick, for improvements in typographic etching and engraving, and in apparatus employed therein. improved machinery for making bricke, tiles, and articles of various 1627 J. Gathercole, Loughborough-road. North Brixton, for an sizes and shapes of plastic, cohesive, and other materials, and for measures of capacity of various sizes and shapes. 1628 T. Slater, Euston-road, for improvements in apparatas for nged therewith, which machines are applicable for other purposes. obtaining electric light, and in magneto-electric machines to be 1629 H. L. Muller, Birmingham, for improvements in instru ments for extracting or withdrawing nails, spikes, and bolts, and for other like uses. A communication. 1630 T. Corbett, Shrewsbury, for improvements in winnowing and grain-dressing machines. 1081 L. A. Guay, Paris, for improvements in buttons for cuffs, shirts, and other similar purposes. 1692 C. Martin and H. Martin, Great Winchester-street, City, for improvements in anchors. 1633 T. B. Hawkes and C. J. Freeman, Weymouth, for improve ments in the construction of tables to be used for billiards, dining. and other purposes. 1634 L. G. Lyons and H. V. Forbes, Gloucester, for improvements in the maunfacture or composition of paints or substances for covering or coating various surfaces. 1635 R. Long, Liverpool, for an improved case or book for containing postage, receipt, and other stamps, and tickets and labels. 1636 E. Keirby, Rochdale, fer improvements in machinery or apparatus for recording low water in steam boilers. coal-tar naphtha. 1697 C. Moseley, Manchester, for condensing the vapours of 1638 H. Highton, M.A., Putney, for improvements in galvanic batteries. 1689 C. Whiting, Lewisham, for improvements in portable elongating dining and other tables. achromatic object glasses for microscopes. 1640 F. H. Wenham, Chadwell, Essex, for improvements in B. SHARPLEY.-Ask for as much information as you 1641 C. Boullier, Paris, for improvements in labels for stuffs and other similar purposes. 1642 R. Faulkner, Kensington, for improvements in the prepara. tion of photographs and other prints for colouring. process of and machinery for treating fibre-yielding plants for the 1548 J. H. Dickson, Harefield, Middlesex, for an improved purpose of obtaining useful fibres therefrom. 1644 R. Hanson, Halifax, for improvements in steam boilers 1645 A. N. Porteous and G. C. Brace, Edinburgh, for improvements in and applicable to lamps. 1646 W. R. Lake, Southampton-buildings, for improvements in railway sleepers or cross-ties. A communication. 1647 J. F. Ollard, Lloyd's, City, and R. K. Barrow, Royal Exchange-buildings, City, for a new description of playing cards. A communication. 1648 T. J. Smith, Fleet street, for an improved means of produc ing and maintaining musical tones, and in apparatus for the purpose. A communication. 1649 M. Doubelt. Berners-street, Oxford-street, for improve strength is necessary. A communication. ments in the preparation of iron for purposes where great tensile 1650 T. Everitt, Norfolk, for improvements in feeding trougha or bins for sheep and other animals. 1651 J. Bolt, Halifax, for an improved stepper for bottles. 1653 E. T. Hughes, Chancery lane, for improvements in safety valves for steam boilers. A communication. 1653 N. 3. Walker, Liverpool, for an improved metallic bale tio or buckle. 1654 0. Tarner, Lenton, Nottingham, for improvements in machinery for sending or puring skins or hides. 1655 W. R. Lake, Sonthampton buildings, for improvements in kilns for burning bricks. A communication. 1658 W. R. Lake, Southampton-buildings, for improvements in A communication. metallic packing for making steam, air, gas, or water-tight joints. 1657 D. Nicoll, St Paul's-churchyard, for improved preparations the same uninflammable. 1658 A. V. Newton, Chancery-lans. for improvements in the manufacture of sugar and in apparatus to be used therefor. A communication. |