Professional Papers of the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army |
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Amsterdam ballast basalt berms bottom width breadth Brielle Brouwershaven Buitenhuizen Caland canal of Voorne channel clay coffer-dam commission concrete blocks connected consist construction cubic metres cylinder depth discharge Doornik drainage dredger dredging ebb shutters engineer English entrance excavation fascine-work fascines feet floating florins Goedereede Goeree Pass grillage Haringvliet height Hellevoetsluis Hence Hook of Holland inches increased inner jettees Krimpen lateral dikes layer lock-pond longitudinal low water low-water mattresses metres above A. P. metres below A. P. metres length navigation Nieuwe Maas North Sea Canal North Sea locks Oostzaan Orange locks osier Oude Maas outer pair of ebb pair of tide pieces pier-head piers piles pipes polders portion Portland cement pump revetment Rhine river Rotterdam sand Schellingwoude Scheur scows shoal shore Side canal slopes sluices steam-dredges stone surface tidal tide-gates tide-lock tube Velsen vessels Vlaardingen Waterstaat Western Ij Wijkermeer zink-stukken Zuyder-Zee
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Page 75 - Katwijk about seven miles from that town. The debouche of the Rhine on the coast was so blocked up by a barrier of drifted sand thrown up by a violent tempest in 840 that the waters could only filter their way to the sea, and all navigation was of course stopped. The consequence was that a large district of country was overflowed and converted into a sickly marsh. For the purpose of opening a new channel to discharge the waters of the river and for the better drainage of the low grounds called...
Page 56 - Dikes or jetties in pairs, at this entrance, would be the worst possible expedient. The commission of the Waterstaat of Holland say : " It is to the action of the tides mainly that the maintenance of the depth in our river mouths must be attributed. The total effect depends upon the velocity and volume; both increase with the tide-range, that is with the difference between high and low water. If these cannot be increased sufficiently to maintain a profile adequate to the needs of commerce, the end...
Page 9 - Canal was cut to the Helder, a distance of 51 miles. It is 124 feet broad at the surface and 31 feet at the bottom, and is available for vessels drawing 18 feet of water. But even this great highway is now inadequate, and moreover is obstructed in winter by ice.
Page 9 - That great trade which, in the sixteenth century, placed Amsterdam at the head of the commercial cities of Europe, gradually declined, partly from the rise of other ports, but principally from the difficulties of navigation caused by the silting up of the Zuyder-Zee, and, above all, the Pampus Bar. Large vessels were obliged to discharge their cargoes outside, and were then floated over the bar by means of camels, which, when the water was pumped out of them, raised the vessel with them.
Page 42 - Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and fig. 2 a plan of an apparatus suitable for applying this part of the invention to the manufacture of sugar.
Page 19 - ... formed of concrete blocks, varying from 4 to 10 tons in weight. The rubble foundation was levelled by divers, by whom also the blocks below low water were fitted, without any cement in their joints, the blocks being let down to their site by a powerful steam crane called a " Titan." From low water the blocks are laid in cement ; for the lowest joints — which are only a few hours above water — a quick-setting Medina cement was used, and for the higher joints Portland cement. The top of the...
Page 44 - It has two inlets protected by valves, the one on the bottom for the admission of water, and the other on the top for regulating the entry of the material to be transported. On the top of the pump is placed a cylinder or reservoir to receive, by means of a chute, the stuff dredged up.
Page 57 - It is not in the power of man to increase the tidal range; but the direction and form of the entrance may be regulated and the breadth limited to due proportion to the volume, and thus the depth may be increased. "The outlets of our rivers in the North Sea have all (some more, some less) a curve to the southward, whereby they better intercept the tidal current flowing from out the channel.
Page 3 - Report on the North Sea canal of Holland, and on the improvement of navigation from Rotterdam to the sea, to the Corps of Engineers. By Gen. JG Barnard. 4°.
Page 9 - ... John Hawkshaw and the able engineers who have been associated with him in the undertaking. A brief retrospect will show the necessity that existed for this work. In the sixteenth century Amsterdam stood first of all the commercial cities of Europe. Its prosperity, however, gradually began to decline, partly from the rise of other ports, but principally from the difficulties of navigation caused by the silting up of the Zuyder Zee, and above all by the formation of the Pampas Bar. Large vessels...