Notes on the Volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands: With a History of Their Various EruptionsPrinted at the Riverside Press, 1868 - 472 Seiten |
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Notes On the Volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands: With a History of Their ... William Tufts Brigham Keine Leseprobe verfügbar - 2018 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
action Aliapaakaì ancient augite bank basalt beneath black ledge bottom broken caves chrysolite cliffs Coan coast color compact cooled coral reef covered cracks crater crust crystals deposits depth diameter distance dome ejected elevation eruption Exploring Expedition extends feet deep fifty feet fire fissures flow formed gases Háleakala Halemáumau Hawaii Hawaiian Islands heat height Hìlo Honolulu Hualalaì hundred feet high inches Kauaì Kilauea Konahuanùi lake Lanai Laupahoehoe lava-stream layers Leáhi Manóa mass Máui Mauna Kéa Mauna Lòa Mokuawéowéo Molokaì mountain natives nearly Niihau Nuuánu Oáhu olivine orifice pahoehoe Pélé's hair perpendicular phonolites plain precipice Púna rain ravines region ridges river rock sand scoriæ seen shore silica slopes smoke smooth soil specific gravity square miles steam cracks stones strata stream of lava subterranean sulphur summit surface thousand feet trachyte trees tufa twenty valleys vapors vents volcanic Waíaleale Wailuku Waiméa walls whole wind
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 66 - ... many craters, rose either round the edge or from the surface of the burning lake. Twentytwo constantly emitted columns of grey smoke, or pyramids of brilliant flame ; and several of these at the same time vomited from their ignited mouths streams of lava, which rolled in blazing torrents down their black indented sides into the boiling mass below.
Seite 72 - The whole course of the stream from Kilauea to the sea is about forty miles. Its mouth is about twenty-five miles from Hilo station. The ground over which it flowed descends at the rate of one hundred feet to the mile. The crust is now cooled, and may be traversed with care, though scalding steam, pungent gases, and smoke are still emitted in many
Seite 72 - The atmosphere in all directions was filled with ashes, spray, gases, etc.; while the burning lava, as it fell into the water, was shivered into millions of minute particles, and, being thrown back into the air, fell in showers of sand on all the surrounding country. The coast was extended into the sea for a quarter of a mile, and a pretty sand-beach and a new cape were formed. Three hills of scoria and...
Seite 66 - The bottom was covered with lava, and the south-west and northern parts of it were one vast flood of burning matter, in a state of terrific ebullition, rolling to and fro its " fiery surge
Seite 64 - ... which was nearest the volcano at the time of the eruption, seemed to suffer the least injury, and after the earthquake and shower of sand had passed over, hastened forward...
Seite 73 - Hawaii ; the light was visible for more than one hundred miles at sea ; and at the distance of forty miles fine print could be read at midnight. The whole course of the stream from Kilauea to the sea is about forty miles. The ground over which it flowed descends at the rate of one hundred feet to the mile. The crust is now cooled, and may be traversed with care, though scalding steam, pungent gases, and smoke are still emitted in many places. In pursuing my way for nearly two days over this mighty...
Seite 66 - ... feet lower. It was evident, that the large crater had been recently filled with liquid lava up to this black ledge, and had, by some subterranean canal, emptied itself into the sea, or upon the low land on the shore.
Seite 72 - After flowing underground several miles, perhaps six or eight, it again broke out like an overwhelming flood, and sweeping forest, hamlet, plantation and everything before it, rolled down with resistless energy to the sea, where leaping a precipice of forty or fifty feet, it poured itself in one vast cataract of fire into the deep below, with loud detonations, fearful hissings, and a thousand unearthly and indescribable sounds. Imagine to yourself a...
Seite 65 - But what was their surprise and consternation when, on coming up with their comrades of the centre party, they discovered them all to have become corpses. Some were lying down and others were sitting upright, clasping with dying grasp their wives and children, and joining noses (their form of expressing affection) as in the act of taking a final leave.
Seite 81 - ... iridescent, like some anthracite coal, and so closely resembling this mineral that the difference would hardly be detected by a cursory examination. The fresh lava exactly resembled that from Mauna-Loa in the flow of 1859. " Three-quarters of a mile over this uneven lava, and we came to a long wall composed of fragments of all sizes and shapes, very solid and heavy, and full of small grains of olivine ; and this wall, which is concentric with the main wall of Kilauea, is said to rise and fall,...