show a great variety of statement and illustration, the value of which must be determined by the examiner.

MUSIC.

1. Write the scale of E flat major. 2. Write the scale of C minor.

3. Write a whole note, half note, quarter note, and corresponding rests.

4. Write sharp 4 and flat 7 in the keys of C, F and G.

5. Write do-mi-Sol-in three different keys in the bass staff.

6. Write five different measure signatures and explain them.

7. What do we mean by: (a) evenly divided beat, (b) beat and half note?

8. Write the signatures of four different keys.

9. Name four points to aim at in chorus singing.

10. What does monotone mean?

11. Name four important National songs.

Answers.

1. E, f, g, a, b, c, d, e, B's, e's and a's are flatted. To place on the staff, commence on the first line, treble clef.

2. C, d, e, f, g, a, b, c. B's, e's and a's are flatted, making normal minor; raise 7 one-half step and it will be harmonic minor; raise 6 and 7 ascending and lower them descending to make melodic minor. To place on staff, commence on first added line below the staff, treble clef.

3. A whole note is an oval without a stem. A whole rest is rectangular in shape, attached to the lower side of the line. A half note is an oval with a stem. A half rest is the same in shape as a whole rest, the difference being that it rests on the line. A quarter note has a black head and a stem. A quarter rest is an eighth rest reversed.

4. (a) Key of C, signature blank. C, d, e, f, g, a, b, c. To sharp 4, raise a half step; to flat 7, lower b a half step. To place on staff, commence on first added line below the staff, treble clef. (b) Key of F, signature, one flat on third line. F, g, a, b, c, d, e, f. To sharp 4, place a natural sign before b flat; to flat 7, place a flat before e. To place on staff, commence on first space, treble clef. (c) Key of G, signature one sharp on fifth line. G, a, b, c, d, e, f, g. sharp 4, place a sharp before c; to flat 7, place a natural sign before F sharp. To place on staff, commence on second line, treble clef.

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5. (a) Key of C, do is on second space, mi is on third space, sol is on fourth space. (b) Key of F, do is on first space below the staff, mi is on first space, sol is on second space. (c) Key of G, do is on first line, mi is on second line, sol is on third line.

6. 2-4, 3-4, 6-8, 3-8, 12-8. The numerator designates the number of pulses to the measure, and the denominator designates the value of each pulse in each of the signatures.

7. (a) Two eighth notes. (b) A dotted quarter note.

8. (a) Key of C, signature, blank. (b) Key of G, signature, one sharp on fifth line. (c) Key of F, signature, one flat on third line. (d) Key of D, signature, two sharps, first sharp on the fifth line, second sharp on the third space.

9. (a) Attack, (b) phrasing, (c) enunciation, (d) tone quality.

10. One tone.

11. America, Star-spangled Banner, Columbia the Gem of the Ocean, Battle Hymn of the Republic.

INDUSTRIAL ARTS.

1. What should pupils gain by studying Industrial Arts in the public schools? 2. What kind of projects should be developed in a seventh grade wood working class?

1. A knowledge of some parts and phases of the theoretical book subjects; of the industries, and considerable experience in their practice; of their inclinations and strongest ability, so as to enable them to choose their life work whether in the industries or the professions.

2. Those that cover tool processes and operations in wood with which the pupils should be familiarized. The operations above should be learned largely through the making of projects useful in the play life and home life, but avoid too great variety, too many difficulties in one project. Don't undertake to make furniture. They should be simple enough that the pupil feels and the teacher knows that his workmanship is not so bad that it will give the pupil a false standard as to quality of work.

3. Select the best wide surface, plane straight and smooth from end to end and side to side and out of wood, testing with eye or straightedge and plane turned on edge. Select the best adjoining edge and plane in same manner. Test side and edge for squareness, at both ends and in middle, with try-square. Set marking guage for width, running "head" of it along planed edge, gaugeing on both wide faces. Rip off excess width of board, if more than 1-4 inch wide, then plane to center of guage lines. Set gauge for thickness, running "head" along planed wide face and gauge both edges. Plane to center of gauge lines.

4. It usually has a metal beam (handle) four to five inches long, and a steel blade seven to ten inches long, usually with measure divisions on it like a rule. The beam

and blade form a right angle (square corner), hence if two adjoining surfaces fit in this angle, they are "square with each other." Placing "beam" against finished edge or face and marking across an adjacent one, and the one adjacent to that by running along the blade, gives a continuous line around the piece, which if sawed by and planed to, produces an end "square" with all faces and edges.

5. The quarter-sawed shows the beautiful white flakes which lie at right angles to the annular layers or rings of the log. The log is first sawed into quarters, then each quarter is sawed, thus quarter sawed holds its shape better than lumber sawed in any other way, there being less shrinking and warping. Plain oak shows only a side view of the annular rings. The log is sawed, thus it presents a less artistic appearance.

6. Stain not only colors the surface but penetrates beneath it. If it is not too strongly colored the grain of the wood appears nearly natural in structure. Some preserves wood, others merely color it. Paint gives a solid color, covering up the beautiful grain of the wood. It is a good preservative of wood, hence its use is largely on wood exposed to outdoor conditions.

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES OF VILLAGE

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

AND RURAL COMMUNITIES, COMMON SCHOOL AND PRIMARY.

Questions.

"The physical resources of a community condition all the life of the community." Discuss.

What is meant by "human" resources of the community?

What economic relationships exist in a community?

Why is it that many cities have lower death rates than rural communities? In what way are you using local history in your school work?

Is there any hope of curing factions or cliques in a community?

Why is education a fundamental agency in rural life?

"What is now contemplated is not the addition of new subjects, but a redirection of the old." Discuss.

1. The economic activities of a community are always the outgrowth of man's struggle with the physical resources. These of necessity condition the results of his labor. ever reacts to his physical environment according to its own suggestive and controlling influence.

Man

2. The human resources are the people themselves, with all of their abilities, ideals, social activities, intellectual activities, economic activities, etc., as they are found in their complexity of existence.

3. The economic relationships are found in the production and consumption of all the economic products of industry and are realized only when there is effective co-operation in producing, selling, buying, etc., for the mutual advantage of all.

4. Ignorance of the laws of health, hygiene and sanitation is responsible for this fact.

5. (May be left out.)

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6. Yes. It can be accomplished in time through the influence of education for richer community life and a fuller appreciation of the advantages of co-operation.

7. Education gives men a complete understanding of life, broadens their horizon, discovers possibilities for economic endeavor and develops a sympathetic interest in every phase of community life necessary to rural improvement.

8. Any form of education to be effective must reflect the daily life and interests of the community where employed. The old subjects of the curriculum must, therefore, be redirected so that they may be properly applied for this new purpose.

SUMMER COURSE OF PUBLIC SCHOOL MUSIC AND ART

FIVE WEEKS

Do you expect to become a music supervisor? We give special instruction in supervision.

Rural and grade teachers can obtain work in music and art that will meet their requirements.

Work which is done in special terms carries full credit toward a diploma. Write for special announcement.

Public School Dept.

Metropolitan School of Music

Indianapolis, Ind.

WANTED

IDEAS AND PLOTS FOR PHOTOPLAYS You can write them. We teach you. Previous literary experience unnecessary. Manufacturers want your ideas and pay from $25 to $100 for each play accepted. Many contests for amateurs offer chance to win as high as $10,000. Demand increasing, details free.

Associated Motion Picture Schools 661 Sheridan Road CHICAGO, ILL.

Vol. XV

Attention has been called in recent years to the migratory character of teachers, or, to phrase it another way, to the "transiency of the teaching population." One result has already been noted in many places, namely, an effort to discover causes of and to find a remedy for the condition, for everybody recognizes that there is a big educational and economic waste in having teachers change places too often.

More recently some studies have been made to determine the staying qualities of superintendents. The writer scarcely wishes to dignify this little contribution with the name "study," but offers it at its face value for whatever light it may throw upon the subject. The data used have been taken from the Educational Directory, 1913, issued by the United States. Bureau of Education. The conclusions would be more trustworthy if based upon studies of a series of such reports, but inasmuch as the data in this one relate to more than fourteen hundred superintendents, in every state of the Union in nearly all (if not quite all) the cities of 4,000 to 5,000,000 population, they may be expected to reflect with reasonable accuracy the condition that normally prevails. It is safe to assume that superintendents who furnish. the Commissioner of Education the da

No. 8

ta tabulated are at least as careful to give accurate information as they are when filling out questionnaires for professors of education in colleges and universities, or for graduate students working under the direction of such professors.

From tabulation it may be seen that 177 superintendents have held their present positions but one year. This means that approximately 121% or 1 of the whole number in cities of 4,000 and above are new men in their work every year. But those who have remained two years only number 174, while 155 have had a three years tenure and 152 a four years. 113 have remained just 5 years, so the total number of superintendents who have been in their present positions less than six years is 771, more than 50% of the whole number under consideration. Six years is apparently about as popular as a period of tenure as five years, but from that point the numbers rapidly decrease until the eleven year period finds but 27 incumbents. From that point the line varies for a number of years, reminding us of the verse which we used to sing descriptive of one's religious experiences, "Sometimes up and Sometimes Down."

Lynchburg, Virginia, can claim the honor of retaining her superintendent