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IX. That one whole regiment was fuffered to stand ftill, ready drawn up, and waiting for orders, during the two most important hours of the attack, for

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want of an officer to command them.

X. That the place was at last surrendered, after the lofs of only one outwork, and lefs than one hundred men, when the garrifon confifted of 2760 men, before a fingle cannon had been mounted to batter the place in breach, while the counterfcarp was in poffeffion of the befieged, and confequently the befiegers could not approach the ditch, which, as well as the whole citadel, was mined and countermined better than any other except those of Turin and Tournay *. [xviii. 221.]

K. William fhot the governor of Dixmund for furrendering five battalions, without a breach or lodgment on the counterfcap; and both friends and enemies approved the execution. The governor of Old Brifac was also beheaded for the fame reafon in 1703. But the governor of St Philip's, who loft the only work that was taken, by a manifeft neglect of duty, and then furrendered the place before the enemy had approached near enough to be annoyed by a fingle mine, among the many that were conftru&ted for its defence; who having loft only 100 men out of 2860, marched out with almost complete battalions, through the gates, without a breach, and with full bellies, has been honoured with a peerage, complimented with the freedom of cities, toafted at every table in the kingdom, followed from one public place to another with clamorous acclamations, and recommended as a pattern of military skill and perfonal bravery, to every officer in the fervice.

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***We should be extremely glad to receive an answer to this charge; which, bouer er plausible, may probably be fallacious; as it is not eafy to conceive, how mifmanagement fo grofs and notorious Should have fo long escaped the public notice.. Gent. Mag.

The fubterranean galleries afford quarters and fhelter to the garrifon, impenetrable to fhot or fhells, and not to be come at but by cutting a way to them through the living rock. Armflrong. VOL. XIX.

An abstract of fome parts of the act tricefimo Georgii II. intitled, An act for granting to his Majefty leveral rates and duties upon indentures, leafes, bonds, and other deeds; and upon news-papers, advertisements, and almanacks; and upon licences for retailing wine; and coals upon exported to foreign parts, &c. Moft Gracious Sovereign,

WE

YE your Majefty's most dutiful and loyal fubjects, the Commons of G. Britain in parliament affembled, to wards railing, by the most eafy means, the neceffary fupplies to defray your Majefty's public expences, have freely and voluntarily refolved to give and grant unto your Majesty the feveral rates and duties, and fums of money, after mentioned; and do most humbly befeech your Majefty, that it may be enacted; and be it enacted,

That from and after the 5th of July 1757, there fhall be levied and paid, throughout G. Britain, for the ufe of his Majefty,

For every piece of vellum, parchment, or paper, upon which fall be written or printed any indenture or o ther deed for which a ftamp-duty of 6 d. is payable, an additional duty of 1 s. [i. e. 1 s. 6 d. in whole.]

For every news-paper contained in half a fheet or lefs, or not exceeding one whole fheet, an additional duty of one halfpenny. [i. e. in whole rd. for a half fheet news-paper.]

For every advertisement in the Lon don Gazette, or any other printed paper, publifhed weekly or oftener, an additional duty of 1 s. [i. e. 2 s. in whole.]

For every advertisement contained in or published with any paper or pamphlet whatsoever, published yearly, monthly, or at any other interval of time exceeding one week, a duty of zs.

of

For every almanack for one year, or for any time lefs, printed on one fide only of one fheet or piece paper, an additional duty of id. [i. e. 2 d. in whole.] .

For every other printed almanack for one year, an additional duty of 2d. [.. 4 d. in whole.] X X

For

For every almanack made to ferve for feveral years, the said several additional duties for every fuch year. [The old duties are payable for every fuch year by the old acts ]

For every piece of vellum, parchment, or paper, on which fhall be written or printed any licence for retailing of wine,-if granted to a perfon who fhall not take out a licence for retailing either fpirituous or excifeable liquors, an additional duty of 51.;—if to a perfon who fhall take out a licence for retailing exciteable, but not fpirituous li. quors, an additional duty of 41. ;and if to a perfon who shall take out a licence for retailing fpirituous liquors, an additional duty of 40 s.

That from and after the 5th of July 1757. no perfon whatsoever, unlefs authorised in the manner after prescribed, fhall fell by retail, i. e. in any lefs quantity than the measure of the cafk or veffel in which the fame fhall have been or may lawfully be imported, any wine, or any liquor called or reputed wine, on pain of forfeiting 100l. for every fuch offence, one moiety to the crown, and the other to the informer.

That from and after the faid 5th of July, any two or more of the commiffioners of the ftamp-duties, and no other perfon whatsoever, fhall grant fuch licences, under their hands and feals, to fuch perfons as they fhall think fit, to retail wine in any place within G. Britain, for one year from the date of fuch li

cence.

Provided, That licences granted before the faid 5th of July, by former commiffioners, fhall be good for the term for which they were granted.

Enacted, That all fuch retailers fhall, as long as they continue fo to retail wine, take out a fresh licence for every year, the licence for the fubfequent year ten days at the leaft before the expiration of the current year, paying down the refpective fums due for fuch licences.

That upon application made by, or in behalf of any perfon not refiding in the weekly bills of mortality, for fuch licence, the commiffioners thall deliver or cause it to be delivered, upon payment of the duty,

And whereas the duties on fuch licences are fubjected to the payment of a yearly fum, as an equivalent for a revenue vefted in the crown by an act of the parliament of England made before the union; and whereas it was agreed, by the 14th article of the union, that the kingdom of Scotland should not be charged with any duties laid on by the parliament of England before the union, except those consented to by that treaty; and ought not to be fubject to any part of the duties granted by this act, applicable as an equivalent to the faid former revenue, or in confequence thereof, but only to fuch a proportion of thefe duties as is appli cable to the public fervice; be it enacted, That in the refpective cafes where a duty of 51. of 41 or of 21. is before directed to be paid on a licence for retailing wine, the duty for licences to retail wine in Scotland shall be as follows, viz. where 51. is directed to be paid, only 31. 6 s. 8 d.; where 4 1., only 21. 13 s. 4 d.; and where 21., only i 1.6 s. 8 d. [N. B. Notice was given, by an advertisement published in the newspapers, and on the cover of the magazine, dated, Stamp-office, Edinburgh, June 13. 1757, and figned, By order of the Commiffioners, John Campbell, head collector for North Britain, That the duty on licences for retailing wine in Scotland, is as follows, viz, to those who fell only wine, 31. 6s. 8d.; to those who produce a licence to retail ale and other excifeable liquors, 21. 13 s. 4 d.; and to those who produce licences to retail both excifeable and fpirituous liquors, 11. 6s. 8d.: That retailers of wine in Scotland, upon lodging their propofals, within the time limited, with the head collector of the ftamp-duties at Edinburgh, or his deputy, or with any of the fub-collectors of the ftamp-duties in the country, and paying the duty, for which receipts will be granted by the refpective collectors, proper licences will be obtained for them respectively, and tranfmitted to the collectors to whom they fhail have paid the duty and, That all perfons who fhall retail wine without being poffeffed of licences, or

:

vouchers

vouchers of their having paid the duty, will be profecuted with the utmoft rigour. -The annual duties for licences to retail liquors in Scotland are as follows, viz. for ale and other excifeable liquors, 20 s. [xviii. 217.]; for fpirituous liquors, 40s. i. e. for both, 31. (a licence for the latter of thefe cannot be

given but to a perfon who has got a licence for the former); for wine, 31. 6 s. 8d.; for wine, and ale, &c. 31. 13 s. 4 d.; and for wine, fpirituous liquors, and ale, &c. 41. 6 s. 8 d.]

That to prevent the multiplication of stamps, on which feveral duties are by feveral acts impofed, it shall be law ful for the commiffioners to caufe one new ftamp be provided, to denote the faid feveral duties.

That the commiffioners, by themfelves, or by officers employed under them, fhall forthwith, upon demand made by any perfon, ftamp any quantities of vellum, parchment, or paper, to be used for writing or printing fuch indentures or other deeds, which fhall be brought to the head ftamp-office, fuch perion paying the ftamp-duties; which ftamp fhall be a fufficient difcharge for the duty.

That the cominiffioners fhall take care, that the feveral parts of G. Britain fhall, from time to time, be fufficiently furnished with vellum, parchment, and paper, duly ftamped; that the fubjects may have it in their election, either to buy the fame as ufual, or to bring their own to be stamped as aforefaid.

That the price of fuch ftamped vellum, parchment, or paper, fhall be fet yearly, and fuch price marked, and fuch allowance made on prefent payment of the faid duties, as by any former law is directed, [i. e. after the rate of 6 per cent. per annum, for fix months, to every perfon who fhall at one time bring to be stamped, or buy of the commiffioners, vellum, parchment, or paper, the duties whereof fhall amount to Jo 1. or upwards, 12° Annæ, feff. 2. cap. 9. § 27.]

The ftamps may be altered and renewed; and perfons who fhall have in their cuftody any vellum, &c. ftamped

with the ftamp which fhall be fo altered, or on which, being already ftamped with a stamp denoting any former duty, a new ftamp is hereby directed to be impreffed, fhall have the like allowance as by any former law is in like cafes directed.

From and after the faid 5th of July 1757, hawkers of unftamped almanacks are fubjected to the punishment to be inflicted, and perfons who apprehend them intitled to the rewards to be paid, by the at 16° Geo. II. with regard to hawkers of unftamped news-papers.

*

That if any perfon fhall forge or counterfeit, or procure to be forged or counterfeited, any fuch ftamps, or fhall utter or felt any vellum, parchment, or paper, stamped with fuch counterfeit ftamp, knowing the fame to be counterfeit, fuch perfon fhall fuffer death..

And whereas the duties upon coals exported in British veffels, are lefs than the duties on coals carried coaftwife, whereby foreigners may be fupplied therewith at a lefs expence than British fubjects, to the great prejudice of the trade and manufactures of this kingdom; be it enacted, That from and after the faid 5th of July 1757, there fhall be levied and paid, for every chaldron of coals, Newcastle measure, which fhall be fhipped for exportation to any part beyond the feas, except to Ireland, the ifle of Man, or his Majefty's plantations, an additional duty of 4 s. and af ter the fame rate for any greater or lefs quantity, [i. e. in whole, 10s. per chaldron, Newcastle, or fmall coal; and 3 s. 4 d. per tun, Scots, or great coal.]

fhall fell, or expofe to fale, any paper deemed to * Stat. 16° Geo. II. cap. 26. § 4. If any perfon be a news-paper within the meaning of any act relating to the ftamp-duties, not being stamped as in the faid acts is directed, he shall be committed, by any juftice of the peace, upon conviction, by houfe of correction, for any time not exceeding confeffion, or by the oath of one witness, to the three months: and any perfon may apprehend fuch offender, and carry him before any justice of the peace; and fuch perfon, upon producing a certificate of the conviction of fuch offender, is to get without fee), fhall receive a reward of under the hand of the justice, (which certificate he 20 s. from the receiver-general of the stamp-duties. Swinton.

Vol. xix. to his friend in Holland, dated, Camp

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to advices from PERSIA,

Ifpahan, the capital, has again changed its mafter: Azad Kan is once more in poffeffion of that city, Huffein Kan is withdrawn to Miffendroon; Carem Kan is mafter of Shiras; almost e very city and town has an oppreffive lord; and every petty governor acts like an abfolute monarch.

Letters from CONSTANTINOPLE advife, that in an extraordinary divan held on the roth of April, at which the Grand Signior and the principal perfons of the Ottoman empire affifted, it was refolved to continue the treaties of friendship with the courts of Vienna and Petersburg; and to fend a confiderable body of the beft troops to Alep po, Tripoli, and Bagdad, to overawe the fpirit of fedition which appears in thofe parts. The Sultan does not at all feem difpofed to take advantage of the increafing troubles of Perfia.

By latest accounts the Emprefs of RUSSIA Continued to be very much in difpofed. Advices concerning the troops of that nation marching to the affillance of the Emprefs-Queen are various and uncertain. According to a letter from Konigsberg, dated June 6. their head quarters were then near Frauenberg in Courland, about twenty-two miles from Memel, the first town of Brandenbur gian Pruffia on that fide; near to which the Pruffian general, Marfhal Lehwald, was incamped with an army of about 30,000 men. Mean while the Ruffian men of war had blocked up the ports of Pruffia, and taken feveral veffels belonging to that nation employed in carrying provisions from one port to ano ther.

We learn from COPENHAGEN, that his Danish Majesty has formally declared to the court of Vienna, that he is determined, in the prefent fituation of affairs, to obferve a ftrict neutrality, and confequently that he cannot grant the contingent of troops demanded of him by that court,

The military operations of the PRUS SIANS and AUSTRIANS are diftin&tly related in a letter from a Pruffian officer

give a tranflation from the Gentleman's Magazine.

IF I have deferred fending you an ac

count of our operations till this post, it is not because I had no events to relate; for in a campaign like this, new events are produced every day but perfons remote from the Icene of action are pleafed only with general engagements, and the taking of important places. Such events, thank God, happen but feldom; and when they do, they are attended with circumftances of horror that cannot be conceived but by those who are prefent.- It is beyond conception dreadful to walk in a field of battle, after a victory; to see friends and enemies, men and horfes, the dead and dying, all heaped together, dif guifed with wounds, and almost floating in blood..

age

The stench of carnfills the air with infection, and the groans of thofe that yet live rife as it were in unifon on every fide. He who has once feen fuch fights, and heard fuch founds, will never wish that either fhould be repeated: perhaps the bare relation is too dreadful to please.

It is eafy to conceive, that a field of battle of vaft extent, on which 25,000 men have been exposed to the most terrible firing for feven hours together, cannot be cleared of the dead and wound

Labour

ed in one, or in two days. To remove
the dead from the living, which is no
eafy talk, requires fome time.
ers are not to be had, as the peafants
are generally difperfed in a panic. In
the prefent cafe our difficulties were still
greater: for the ground about Prague
being hard and rocky, the interment of
the dead went on more flowly than u
fual; and it was neceffary to carry the
wounded, as well friends as enemies,
over the Moldau, to the camp of M.
Keith. Our wounded have been lod-
ged in the convents of St Margaret and
St Victoire, and in the village of Welle-
flawitz; thofe of the enemy in a place
called The Star, where they have been
taken as much care of as our own. On
the 9th M. Brown fent twenty-four fur-

geons

geons from Prague to their affiftance, although, according to the report of deferters, there were 7000 of the wounded in that city; to which they were conveyed with lefs difficulty, as a part of the enemy's line reached almoft to the gates.

If to 7000, the number of wounded that was in the city, you add those who remained upon the field of battle with the dead, and the 12,000 prisoners and deferters which are now with us, you will not think the first accounts, which made the loss of the Auftrians 20,000 men, much exaggerated. But you defire to know the lofs on our fide. Be not over-folicitous to have it exact, left I fhould lead you into a mistake, like the gazetteers of Vienna and Cologn, who have eftimated the lofs of the conquerors as immenfe, and that of the conquered as nothing. It is indeed atonifhing, that the Pruffians, who fuffered fo much, fhould yet remain on the fpot; and that the Auftrians, who fuffered fo little, fhould run away. This is a problem, which the Austrian wits would well employ their time to resolve. However, not to difguife our lofs, I will take upon me to fay, that the whole number of the killed amounted to 2600, including 40 officers of the rank of majors, with 250 fubalterns, and of the wounded to about 6000.

The Auftrian generals had no apprehenfion of an attack on the 6th of May. Their cavalry were, on that day, out a foraging; their whole camp was quiet, and the foldiers boiled the pot: they had not the least doubt, but that on the 5th M. Schwerin's army was many miles off. But this army made forced marches on that day, as they had done the day before ; and having arrived in their camp at midnight, unspeakably fatigued, received that very inftant orders to advance near ten English miles farther; where, juft at day-break, they were joined by the King; who, without allowing his troops the leaft repofe, im mediately began the attack. The ene my had not a moment to strike their tents; fo that after the victory all their field furniture and baggage, and all their VOL. XIX.

carriages, fell into our hands. The huffars of Zeithen have divided the mili tary cheft.

It must be acknowledged that the Silefian army, which was led to action by M. Schwerin, had a rude fhock to fuftain; having moraffes to pafs, preci pices to climb, and batteries to face. Nothing but the prefence of the King could have animated the foldiery to attempt fo rafh an enterprise, if I may be allowed to ufe the expreffion, or have fuftained them in.it. His Majefty expofed his perfon to the fierceft cannonading, with an air of unconcern, which made thofe tremble for his life whom it animated to rifk their own. The ground and fituation were fuch as prevented Buddenbrock, Gefler, and Kian's regiments of horse, from forming, and acting as they would have done, and as they have been used to do. They fuffered very much in the beginning of the action, but they were afterwards fuftained by Trefcou's regiment of foot. Trefcou, who is not lefs eminent for experience than courage, marched himself at their head, fell upon the flank of the enemy, and put thofe that he attacked to flight. The foot had not lefs difficulties to furmount than the horse; many generals, following the example of the first field marshal, difmounted, and led their regiments fword in hand, through marthes, over precipices, and across a thoufand fires. It was here our hero, M. Schwerin, fell, at the head of his regiment, with the colonel's ftan dard in his hand: two balls pierced him at once; one went through his head, the other through his body. Soon after this fatal accident, Prince Henry, the King's brother, fet an example to the troops that encouraged every individual to attempt all that was poffible. His R. Highnefs difmounting from his horse, and heading his brigade, was the firft that climbed a mountain, and took poffeffion of the battery by which our troops had been moft annoyed By this enterprife the attack of the enemy's camp, fortified both by nature and art, › ap. peared lefs impracticable, and the ardour which it infpired fecured fuccefs. Y y

The

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