prefs-Queen's fervice wrote, that the numbers killed on both fides in the battle were nearly equal.- -A foreign general officer, in a letter to his friend, made the following remark upon it. The affair feems to have been difputed, and to have been long in fufpenfe. I don't believe that history can furnish many examples of the fame troops returning feven times to the charge. It fhould feem, that if the King of Pruffia had not blundered fo far, as to make his cavalry attack the right wing of the Auftrians, and for that purpose climb up a hill, from whence they were driven down, as it was reasonable to expect they would be, the battle would have remained undecided. Seeing the fire had ceased on both fides a confiderable time, he might have taken advantage of the night, to make new difpofitions to begin the attack next morning, or at leaft to make a retreat."--- A field-officer wrote from Germany thus. "The fuccefs of arms is very inconftant. The King of Pruffia feems to have committed a great mistake in going to meet M. Daun. He ought to have chofen a proper poft near Prague. Great men are guilty of the greatest blunders. All Europe is impatient to know whether he will be able to repair them. The more moderate pretend, that he has loft 40,000 men fince he entered Bohemia. If they had been only wedges, they would have been easily replaced; but to replace well-difciplined foldiers, is not the work of one day."— In a letter which his Pruffian Majefty wrote immediately after the action, was the following fentence, which is a bright inftance of his candour. "I have no, reafon to complain of the bravery of my troops, or the experience of my officers: I alone was in the fault, and I hope to repair it."

According to accounts from Prague of the damage done in that city during the fiege, 138 houfes were burnt to afhes, 131 totally demolished, and 347 ruined, in which 27 perfons were killed and 39 wounded. Among thofe houfes they reckon fix fine palaces burnt down. Whole freets are now nothing

but heaps of rubbish. The gardens are deftroyed; the cathedral and its tower have fuffered extremely; the altars are broken; the church-pictures are torn; and the organ of the cathedral, a maferpiece that had coft 180,000 florins, is partly broken and partly melted. All this, they fay, is only a part of the damage done by the bombardment. The troops which had been blocked up in that place, and which they say after the fiege amounted to 44,000 infantry and 3000 cavalry, befides the light horse, marched towards Bomifchbrod on the 25th of June, in order to join M. Daun's army. On the 26th died at Prague, of the wounds he received in the battle of the 6th of May, Field-Marshal Count Brown, commander in chief of the Auftrian army. [See Deaths.]

The Auftrians remained a confiderable time inactive near where the battle of June 18. was fought, occafioned, as we were told, by the fcarcity of provifions, the Pruffians having confumed almoft all that were to be found within fix leagues round Prague. Before the middle of July they had begun to draw nearer to the Pruffians. According to late accounts his Pruffian Majefty's army was mafter of both borders of the Elbe, his right extending on the left fide of the river from Lowofitz to Aufig, and his left on the right fide extending from Leitmeritz to Bomifch Leypa, with a bridge of communication over the river. In this fituation he covered by his right the mountainous part of Saxony, and preferved by his left a communication with Lufatia and Silefia. He had received a reinforcement drawn from his garrifons, and the Austrians had ordered their heavy baggage to be carried four leagues backwards, fo that another engagement was expected to happen foon.

The Pruffian minifter, Baron Plotho, prefented a memorial, of date April 30. to the diet of the empire, on occafion of the French army's entering Weftphalia; in which it is faid, that the unheardof violence which France is now exerci. fing, is directly contrary to her quality of guarantee of the peace of Weftphalia, and of the German liberties; and that

therefore

therefore his Pruffian Majefty has room to expect the affiftance of the empire against that crown."- -We infert the first and fecond paragraphs of the memorial, and a third, which is towards the end of it, viz.

"It is, no doubt, unneceffary to inform the illuftrious affembly of the empire, of the unexpected invafion made by foreign troops in the countries of Cleves, Meurs, and Marck. All Germany knows already, that the French army, commanded by the Prince Rohan Soubife, having entered thofe territories of the King, which makes part of the circle of Weftphalia, fuddenly feized the moft confiderable places, and exacted exorbitant quantities of forage, which exceeded any contribution; that they have feized the revenues of the country, tore down his Majefty's arms, and put up others in their room; that, in fhort, they have acted in thofe parts as in an enemy's country, and even publicly declared that they looked upon them as conquered provinces. Such a ftrange proceeding must the more furprife the King, and all Europe, as neither his Majefty nor the empire is at war with France, and as that crown has nevertheless invaded Germany, directly contrary to the law of nations, without acquainting the public with the motives of fuch a proceeding. If the declaration which the minifter of that crown prefented to the diet on the 14th of March, is to serve for an account of the reafons of their conduct, it is eafy to fhew, that neither the quality of guarantee of the peace of Westphalia, nor that of ally of the Emprefs-Queen, could authorife the violences which France has juft now committed. [309.]

"The King has already fufficiently fhewn, in the memorial published at Ratisbon on the 27th of April, that the entry of his army into Saxony, being indifpenfably neceffary for his own fafety and defence, could never be styled an infraction of the peace of Weftphalia. His Majefty has, moreover, often declared, in the most folemn manner, that he would restore all the territories of Saxony, without exception, as foon as

he fhould have fufficient fecurity for his own dominions, and in particular for the duchies of Magdeburg and Silefia, which the courts of Vienna and Drefden wanted to take from him. It has also been fhewn in the faid memorial, that the King hath the best title to the affiftance of France, fince by the treaties of Weftphalia and Aix-la-chapelle that crown folemnly guarantied to his Maje fty both the duchy of Magdeburg, which had been ceded to the houfe of Brandenburg for ever by way of indemnification, and that of Silefia, which was fecured to the King by the treaties of Brellaw and Drefden [x. 536.]

"Judge what the empire hath to expect from fuch a violent and arbitrary irruption by foreign troops, as that here complained of. Let this ftep, which fo highly deferves their attention, be compared with the proteftations of friendship which France hath fo often given the empire, and with the treaty of 1738. It is left to every man's penetration and reflection to judge of the private views, which may be hid under the new union between France and the houfe of Auftria; and to confider, whether fuperi-, ority of power be proper to maintain the balance between the three religions to lerated in the empire, or whether the rights and liberties of the empire are not, at prefent, in the greatest danger.'

The body of Pruffians which had been fent, after the battle of Prague on the 6th of May, to raife contributions in the Upper Palatinate [244.], proceeded afterwards to the circle of Franconia for the fame purpose. At the fame time feveral princes and free cities were required to give fecurity, that they would remain perfectly inactive, on pain of having their territories laid wafte. Some time after it was faid, that the Elector of Bavaria had affured his Pruffian Majefty, by one of his chamberlains, that he would obferve a ftrict neutrality; that he had taken no measures with the court of Vienna, but what he had been forced to, as well as many other members of the empire; and that he was ready to renounce all his engagements with the French and Auftrians. Letters

fince received from the empire faid, that he had actually figned a treaty of neutrality. We were likewife told, that a neutrality was alfo declared for by fome other flates. The avocatoria and dehortatoria against the houfe of Brandenburg were every where pulled down, and the Auftrian recruiting was put an end to. All the nobility and gentry of the Upper Palatinate betook themfelves with their effects to Ratifbon, where the guards were doubled. In the mean time, according to later accounts, the Elector of Mentz, the Margrave of Anfpach, and the Bishop of Wurtzburg, had wrote to feveral princes, in the most preffing terms, to furnish their refpective contingents of troops to what is to be called the army of execution. We have for fome time paft been affured, that a French army of 40,0co men, to be commanded by the Marshal Duke de Richelieu, has been affembling in Alface; and that it was to advance into Germany, in order to encourage the feveral princes to fend off their contingents to the Empress Queen, and affift them in marching forward. One great difficulty they will meet with, however, though no other fhould occur, will be, to find fubfiftence, as the Pruffians have every where been fo diligent in carrying off or deftroying the magazines which had been laid up.

racks, and even bearded the general and field officers. Mean while fome of. ficers having purfued the deferters, they brought back a part of them prisoners. The mutineers, being informed of this, declared, that if they were not fet at liberty, they would fet fire to the barracks and the ftadthoufe. Left they should carry their threats into execution, the prifoners were released late in the evening. Next morning the mutineers affembled, and having seized some of their officers, marched out of the town 3 or 400 at a time, with the mufic of their regiments playing before them, the general having begged of them to go away peaceably. In that manner near 3000 of them filed off, and the remainder were afterwards difcharged. The Prince of Heffe Darmstadt's troops followed the example of the Wirtemburghers, and revolted when they had orders to march. We are alfo affured, that a prince of a higher rank than either was told, that he would not find it fo eafy to facrifice his fubjects in the cause of France as he had done his cattle. Though 6000 Palatines were assembled in the spring, in order to join the French army, they remained long at Dierendorf, one difficulty cafting up after another to delay their march. We are now told, that all obftacles being removed, they actually joined the French about the middle of July.

According to advices from Francfort, there is little appearance that the execution-army will make any figure this year, more than one third of the troops fent out by the circle of the Upper Rhine having deferted, and the reft feeming well difpofed to follow their example. On the 24th of June 4000 of the Duke of Wirtemberg's troops were delivered to a French commiffary, who immediately reviewed them. Scarcely was the review finifhed, when the foldiers, began to mutter, and even to say aloud, that they were fold. Next morning thirty deferted at once. Through the day thefe were followed by bands of twenty and thirty, who forced their way through the parties that guarded the gates of Stutgard, the capital. In the evening the mutiny became general. They fired upon the officers in the bar

ar.

According to our laft, the French a my, commanded by Marthal d'Etrees, had advanced from the neighbourhood of the Lower Rhine to Rheda in WESгPHALIA; and the Duke of Cumberland, with his army of obfervation, had passed to the right of the Wefer, and had his head quarters at Holtzhaufen. The Marquis d'Auvel having been detached with a body of French troops towards Eaft Friefland, belonging to the King of Pruffia, he firft took poffeflion of Leer, and then advanced by the right of the river Ems for Embden. In that city there was a garrifon of 400 Prussians, who it was fuppofed would ftand a fiege. The only ftrength of the place lying in their dikes, it was both defigned and attempted to lay the environs under wa

ter;

ter; but the peasants, whofe interefts were immediately concerned in the execution of that scheme, rofe in large bodies, and would not permit the fluices to be opened, fo that no defence of any confequence could be made. The Marquis d'Auvel came before the town on the 3d of Jaly, and next morning the gates were opened to him. Part of the Pruffian foldiers got on board his Britannic Majefty's ship the Squirrel, which was lying in the mouth of the river, and the reft were made prifoners of war. According to the capitulation, the magiftrates were to deliver an exact account of the funds belonging to the King of Pruffia, with the feveral taxes laid on by him, and the perfons appointed to receive them; and the inhabitants were to take an oath of fidelity to his Moft Chriftian Majefty. In confequence of this, the French were immediately in poffeffion of the whole principality of East Friefland.

On the 5th of July M. de Contade was fent off with twenty battalions of French and thirty-two fquadrons, in order to enter the landgraviate of Heffe, through the bishoprick of Paderborn, followed by the Marquis de Valiere, who marched the 6th with the artillery. Arriving at Caffel, capital of Heffe, about the 13th, fo foon as he entered that city, the magiftrates prefented him with the keys.

The Duke of Cumberland had his army below Hamelen, in order to take particular care of that place and the city of Hanover. In order to engage his R. Highness's attention on that fide, Marfhal d'Etrees caufed the Duke of Broglio and M. de Chevert, each of them with a body of troops, appear about Rintelen and Minden, two places on the left of the Wefer, as if they intended to attempt a paffage in that neighbourhood. In the mean time the Marquis d'Armentieres threw over bridges a good way up the river, near the abbey of Corvy; over which he paff ed with the firft divifion of French troops, without oppofition, on the 11th of July. On the 16th the laft divifion got over. Before the French generals

VOL. XIX.

left the neighbourhood of Minden and Rintelen, they made themfelves mafters of those two places; in the former of which they fay they found 400 Hanoverians, and in the latter 300 Heffians, who were all made prifoners of war. According to advices from Weftphalia the Duke of Cumberland's army was on the 15th pofted towards the left of the Leine, continuing to cover Hamelen and Hanover, and having a body posted before, under the command of General Sporke, who occupied the right of the Wefer, to obferve the motions of the enemy, and fend out fcouts for intelligence. Preparations have been made at Hamelen against a fiege, and all the country-houfes round the place, which might ferve to favour approaches, have been demolished. We are informed, that his R. Highness has armed 30,000 pealants for the defence of the electorate. -There are faid to be between 6 and 7000 fick among the French, the dyfentery having broke out in their

camp.

In confequence of the Emperor's orders to Marquis Botta his commissary for imperial fiefs in ITALY, the new road which the republic of Lucca had made through part of her ftate, in order to open a fhorter way than through Tuscany into Lombardy, has been totally demolifhed, by 200 labourers, in presence of officers appointed by Marquis Botta for that purpose.

According to advices from MADRID, dated June 7. the court there being informed, that the hereditary Prince of Morocco was marching towards Ceuta with an army of 40,000 men, ordered four battalions to be tranfported to reinforce that place, by which means the garrifon would confift of ten battalions. Later accounts bear, that between 4 and 5000 of the Moors attacked the covered way of Ceuta, but were repulfed with confiderable lofs. Their camp was not above half a league from thence, and intelligence had been received there, that they would foon be 50 or 60,000 ftrong.

In a letter in laft Gentleman's Magazine, figned T. G. we have the follow3 H

ing