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rope, but the actors themselves; though a very fhort acquaintance with the Englith will unravel this mystery. It is very briefly explained in the Viceroy's letter to the King upon taking poffeffion of this capital in his name.

"SIRE, Providence, and the juftice of your caufe, has bleffed your arms with fuccefs. Though your officers and foldiers behaved like Frenchmen, I cannot impute it entirely to their bravery, as the English have these forty years been paving your Majefty's road to this capital. Fond of the liberty of deftroying themfelves, they were difunited in their counfels, because all would command, and none obey Money was their only aim, because luxury called for its fupport. Pofts of danger were avoided, and e. ven refufed, because nothing but honour was to be gained. Men who would have been contented with laurels only, were not employed, because they had not a feat in parliament. The rich were afraid of death, because they could not carry their treasures along with them. Youth bred in luxury and ease, fhunned going to ferve in America, because it was hot; to northern climates, becaufe it was cold. They neglected their only ally, because they did not feel his diftrefs. The Commons refused to be trained to arms, because the rich would not join them. The government over looked their disobedience, because they had not power to enforce their own laws. They lorded it over their King, because he was not jealous of his prerogative, and governed with mildness. Thus broken and difunited, naked and defencelefs at home, they, like Goliah, offered defiance on the coaft of France, and with the fame pomp returned to Eng. land with the fpoil of the island of Aix. But your Majefty fcorned to return a vifit fo near home, till you had ftripped them of their neglected American colo. nies, which alone made them a people worthy to be called your enemies."

Oxford, June 23. Yesterday the heads of the feveral colleges entered upon their functions, being all Jefuits of the great eft piety and learning, who will in a fhort time reduce the Rudents to proper difcipline, and reftore the ancient study

of metaphyfics and fcholaftic, divinity, London, June 25. Yesterday the Rt Hon. Lord H. made a prefent of a pair of diamond pendants, of 500l. value, to the Bleffed Virgin' lately erected in Westminster abbey. The fame day the Rt Hon. my Lady V. being perfectly cured of a long illnefs by applying to the relicks of St Dominic, made a prefent of a gold nofe to be hung up in Westminster abbey. We hear that fe

veral ladies and gentlemen of the first diftinction intend to walk barefooted, with wax tapers in their hands, at the next grand proceffion.

We hear from Paris, that the King has expreffed his fatisfaction in feeing there is no occafion to interpofe his authority with regard to religion: the late English writers having difgufted them at the profeffion, and their own vices at the practice of their own. One may fay there was a vacancy to fill up, which made them ready to accept of the Catholic, as it is the genius of this people to run from one extreme to another of a fudden; and the practice of the court will always influence the English in every particular; the fo lately heretical clergy now vie with each other in their fermons to explode the delufions of their forefathers.

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Yesterday Monfieur de Jacey, enfign of the regiment of Picardy, was married to Lady M. L. only daughter of the Earl of B. and heiress to his Lordship's great estate; and Mifs R. with a for tune of 40,000l. to Monfieur le Gree, cadet of the garde de corps.

ADVERTISEMENT. To-morrow will be fold the Lordship of N as lately advertifed. Any perfon inclined to a pri vate,bargain, may talk with Monf, de Quibble, at his chambers in Lincoln's inn.

To morrow will be published, the King's ordinance regarding the fuller re gulations of the prefs. As his Majesty is willing to govern this people as much by reafon as they are capable of, he has in this ordinance reduced it to a demonftration, that from the licence of the press, has wholly proceeded the change of government these kingdoms have undergone.

The

The hiftory of the last feffion continued. [445-] S foon as the firft refolution of the A fupply-committee was agreed to,

Dec. 16. the Commons refolved to go next day into a committee of the whole house to confider of ways and means for 1. The land-tax, at 4 s. in the pound

cordingly met on the 17th, and was raifing the fupply. This committee accontinued by feveral adjournments till

the 23d of May. By its refolutions, and

feveral acts paffed in confequence of them, the following fums were ordered to be raised and applied. [xviii. 437-]

2. The duties on malt, mum, cyder, and perry, computed at

3. To be raised by a lottery 1,050,005 1. 5 s. whereof one moiety to be divided in prizes, for the benefit of the proprietors of the fortunate tickets, and the other moiety to go to the public

4. To be raised by annuities

5. To be raised by ditto

6. Out of the finking fund

7. Out of ditto, difpofable by parliament, for the quarter ending April 5. 1757 8. Out of ditto the further fum of

9. The favings out of the grants made this session for the pay of the Hanover troops in the pay of G. Britain

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10. The furplus of the duties on licences, remaining in exchequer Oct. 10. 1756
11. The overplus of the grants for 1756, remaining in the exchequer
12. To be raised by loans, or exchequer bills, to be charged on the first aids
to be granted next feffion

Sum-total to be raised

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19,416 14 16,190 5 3 0 140,568 5 2 2

1,000,000 O

8,689,051 19 7.0

The refolutions for raising and applying these fums were agreed to by the houfe of the dates following, viz. Dec. 18. art. I. Jan. 8. art. 2. —— Jan. 24. art. 3. ——— April 4. art. 6.9. - April 28. art, 4. 5. May 3. art. 10. 11. —————-- -May 21. art. 12.——— -May 24. art. 7. 8.,

The fums provided, as above, exceed the fupplies granted [445.], in 338,7261. 18 s. 4 d. But as the lottery was fuch a one as had never been tried before, it was uncertain what fum it might produce; and therefore it was prudent to provide for more than had been granted. The current fervice ought always to be fully provided for: our parliaments ought to be generous in their grants, but rigidly fevere in their examination of the public accounts; for this is the trae interest of the fovereign, as well as of the fubject.

The land-tax is thus proportioned: On England, 1,989,9201. 8 d.; on Scot land [x. 489.], 47,954 1. 1 s. 2 d. The land-tax commences March 25. and the malt-tax commences June 24. Each continues a year. In the bill for each there was a clause of credit, as ufual; in that for the land-tax, for bor. rowing 2,000,000l. at 3 per cent. intereft; in that for the malt tax, for borrowing 750,000 l. at 3 per cent. But probably it was found difficult to borrow money upon the firft at fo low intereft; for in the laft there was a claufe for allowing 3 on the firft as well as on

the laft. In both the intereft was to be tax-free,

Our readers have already feen the refolution for the lottery, the scheme of it, &c. [44.162.]

With regard to the annuities a refolution, in fubftance as follows, was agreed to, March 14. That 2,500,000 1, be raised by annuities for lives, with the benefit of furvivorship, or for terms of years certain, and charged upon a fund to be established in this feffion, and for which the finking fund fhall be a collateral fecurity, the faid feveral annuities to be granted upon the conditions and in the manner following; i. e. That all perfons who, in books to be opened at the bank of England for that purpose, fhall fubfcribe, at any time before five o'clock in the afternoon of the 14th of April next, for 1ool. or as many entire fums of 100l. as they fhall chufe to contribute, and fhall make a depofit of 10 per cent. at the time of fubfcribing, and make the future payments on or before the times after limited, viz. the 26th of May next, the 7th of July next, the 18th of Auguft next, the 29th of September next, the 10th of November

next, and the 22d of December next, each of these fix payments to be 15 per cent. of the fum fubfcribed, fhall be in titled, for the lives of their nominees, to fuch annuities as are herein after particularly fpecified: fuch annuities for lives to be divided into five claffes; and to confift of the respective annuities for every 100 l. contributed, for the lives of nominees of the refpective ages, with the benefit of furvivorship upon the death of nominees of the fame clafs for the reSpective terms, after specified; that is to day, after the expiration of the term fpecified for each clafs, the contributors of that clafs fhall continue to enjoy the benefit of their accumulated annuities during the lives of their refpective. nomimees, but no further benefit by the death of any nominee which shall happen after the expiration of that term; the first clafs to confift of annuities of 41. for the lives of nominees of any age, with the benefit of furvivorship for 60 years; the fecond class to confift of annuities of 41.5 s. for the lives of nominees above the age of 20 years, with the benefit of furvivorship for 50 years; the third clafs to confift of annuities of 4 1. 10 s. for the lives of nominees above the age of 39. years, with the benefit of furvivorship for 43 years; the fourth clafs to confift of annuities of 4 1. 15 s. for the lives of nominees above the age of 40 years, with the benefit of furvivorship for 38 years; and the fifth clafs to conLift of annuities of 5 1. for the lives of nominees above the age of 50 years, with the benefit of furvivorship for 35 years: But that fuch contributors, as, inftead of annuities for lives, fhall chufe to accept annuities for terms of years certain, fhall be intitled, at their option, to any of the following annuities, after the rates of intereft per cent. after mentioned, viz. of 4 1. for 66 years. 41. 5 s. for 54 years, 4 1. 10 s. for 45 years, 4 1. 15 s. for 41 years, and 5 1. for 363 years: The annuities for lives to be paid halfyearly, on the 5th of January and 5th of July every year; the first half-yearly payment to be made on the 5th of January 1758, if they thall before that time have appointed their nominees, or upon fuch of the fald half-yearly days of pay

ment as shall be next after the refpective appointments of their nominees: and the annuities for certain terms of years, at what time foever the contributors fhall make their option to accept fuch annuities, fhall commence from the 5th of July 1757, and be paid half-yearly as aforefaid: And that all contributors paying the whole or any part of their contributions previous to the days ap pointed, shall be intitled to an allowance after the rate of 3 1. per cent. per annum, from the time of fuch previous payment to the respective times on which fuch payments are directed to be made: And that all the feveral fums before mentiontioned which shall be contributed as aforefaid, fhall, by the cafhiers of the bank, be paid into the receipt of the exchequer, to be applied from time to time to fuch fervices as fhall then have been voted by this house in this feffion, and not otherwise.

On the 21st of March resolutions were agreed to, for raifing the feveral duties on ftamps, advertisements, coals exported, &c. which were afterwards impofed by the act for that purpofe [301.], and for charging the aforementioned annuities upon the faid duties; and by an order of the 23d the gentlemen ap pointed to prepare and bring in a bill pursuant to these refolutions of March 14. & 21. were inftructed to prepare, and infert in the bill, a claufe, directing, that the aforementioned annuities of 4 per cent. for the term certain of 66 years, fhould be transferable at the bank without fee or reward.

But it would feem that the terms offered by the refolution of March 14. were not liked by the moneyed men; for but a small fum was fubfcribed within the time limited: therefore the Commons ordered, April 20. that the cash. iers of the bank fhould forthwith lay be. fore them an account of the fubfcriptions made pursuant to that refolution. This account was prefented next day, and was referred to the ways and means committee on the 27th; who the fame day came to two refolutions, which were reported and agreed to on the 28th, vis.

1. That

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1. That fo much of the fum of 2,500,000 1, intended to be raised by annuities for lives, with the benefit of furvivorship, or for terms of years certain, as hath not been subscribed for within the time limited by the resolution of March 14. amounting to 2,186,9001. be raised by annuities after the rate of 31 per cent. per annum, transferable at the bank of England, and redeemable by parliament; the faid annuities to be paid by half-yearly payments on the 5th of January and 5th of July every year, the first payment to be made on the 5th of January 1758; and that each contributor to the faid fum of 2,186,900 l. fhall, for every 1001. contributed, be allo intitled to an annuity for life of 11. 2s. 6d. to be paid in like manner by half-yearly payments, and the firft pay ment to be made on the 5th of January 1758, if fuch contributors refpectively fhall, on or before that time, have appointed their nominees, or upon fuch of the faid half-yearly days of payment as fhall be next after the respective appointments of their nominees; the faid respective annuities to be charged upon the fund refolved to be established for payment of the annuities mentioned in the refolution of March 14. for which the finking fund shall be a collateral fecurity; and that all fuch contributors fhall, on or before the 4th of May next, make a depofit with the cafhiers of the bank, of 151. for every 100l. which they fhall chufe to contribute, and fhall make the future payments on or before the times after limited, viz. the 4th of June next, the 7th of July next, the 18th of Auguft next, the 21ft of September next, the 10th of November next, and the 22d of December next, the first of thefe fix payments to be 10 per cent. and each of the other five 15 per cent. And that all perfons who have already fub. fcribed pursuant to the refolution of March 14. and who, instead of the annuities therein mentioned, fhall chufe to accept the annuities propofed by this refolution, and who, on or before the faid 4th of May, fhall, in books to be opened at the bank for that purpose, exprefs their confent, or not exprefs their VOL. XIX.

diffent thereunto, fhall, upon their com pliance with the terms herein mentioned, for every tool. fo by them already fubfcribed, be intitled to the faid feveral annuities of 31 and 1. 2s. 6d. ; in which cafe the fum fo by them already advanced shall be deemed part of their contributions for the purchase of the annuities hereby proposed: And that the fums fo contributed be paid by the cashiers of the bank into the receipt of the exchequer, to be applied, from time to time, to fuch fervices as fhall then have been voted by this house in this feffion, and not otherwife.

2. That there be raised by like annuities, upon the fame terms and conditions, and charged upon the fame fund, with the like collateral security, the further fum of 500,0001.

On the 10th of May it was ordered, that the chief cashier of the bank should lay before the house, an account of the amount of the fubfcriptions taken in, pursuant to these refolutions. Which account being laid before them on the 12th, and it appearing that the whole fum was fubfcribed for, the bringing in a bill pursuant to the refolutions of March 14. & 21. was discharged, and a bill was ordered to be brought in pur fuant to these refolutions of April 28.

We fhall now fhew how fome of the grants were occafioned, and add a re mark upon one or two of the money-bills,

The grants for the pay of foreign troops were founded on the proceedings of the former feffion, particularly the approbation of the treaty with HeffeCaffel [xviii. 481.], and the addrefs for bringing over the Hanover troops [xviii. 144. 482, 3.]. These articles a mount in whole to 375,0561. 4 s. 4 d. [444.], befides the expence of transporting thofe troops hither, and fending them back again after our invafion-panic had fubfided.

The first refolution of Jan. 17. art. 23. was occafioned thus. It was ordered by the Commons, Dec. 21. that the governors and guardians of the foundling-hofpital should lay before the house, an account how the money granted in the preceding feffion, towards enabling

4 F

them

them to receive all children, under a cer- measure was, to form fuch a confederacy upon the continent of Europe, as with fuch affiftance as we could fpare to give them, might be able to prevent its being in the power of France to form any defign against Hanover

tain age, to be appointed by them, who fhould be brought to the hospital, from June 1. to Dec. 1. 1756, [xviii. 299. 436, 83.], had been expended, what number of children had been received in confequence of the faid grant, and how many children were then maintained at the expence of the hofpital. This account was prefented on the 23d. On a motion made, Jan. 14. it was read, and then Mr Chancellor of the Exche quer, by the King's command, acquainted the houfe, that his Majeftly recommended the further care of the faid charity to the confideration of the house. Then this royal recommendation, and the aforementioned account, were referred to the fupply-committee.

The refolution of Feb. 21. art. 47. was occafioned by the King's meffage prefented on the 17th of that month, the proceedings on which our readers have feen already. [102.]

Though the refolution laft mentioned was unanimously agreed to by the Com. mons, and though no oppofition was made to this article of expence in the other house, either at that time, when a meffage of the fame nature was prefented to them, or afterwards, when this article came before them, as one of the appropriation-claufes in the bill for that purpose; yet many and great objections were made to it by our politicians without doors; which, for the fake of brevity and perfpicuity, we fhall collect and fum up as follows,

When we refolved upon beginning hoftilities against France, we could not but forefee, that the French would, in refentment, endeavour to attack, and make themselves mafters of the electorate of Hanover; and confequently, after having once refolved upon hoftilities, we had but one of two meafures next to refolve on. One of the two was, to leave the electorate entirely at the mercy of France, and to pursue the war with fuch vigour at fea, and in America, against that nation, as to compel them to make good whatever damage they might, in the mean time, do to the electorate of Hanover; and the other

One of thefe, I fay, was the only meafure we had to refolve on, And furely we had time enough to confider which of thefe two measures it would be most prudent for us to refolve on, or rather which of them it would be in our power to refolve on. For our refolution to begin hoftilities was far from being rash or precipitate. On the contrary, we should have begun them fome years fooner than we did; because the French had been carrying on hoftilities against us in Nova Scotia, and incroach. ing upon our territories in other parts of America, almoft ever fince we reftored them the island of Cape Breton, whilft our commiffaries continued negotiating at Paris; where they negotiated, and negotiated, till they rendered fome of our rights conteftable, that were before indubitable. At laft, however, we difcovered the truth of that proverb, which fays, that patience only ferves to increafe the infolence of a bravo; and we refolved to begin hoftilities on our fide, after the French had begun them in the moft open and avowed manner on theirs. About the time we began thofe hoftilities, we feemed to have been refolved upon the laft of the two measures I have mentioned: for unless we were fo, it is impoffible to give a reafon for our concluding either that treaty with the Landgrave of Heffe Caffel, or that with the Empress of Russia. But could we imagine, that, by these two treaties alone, we could form a confederacy fufficient for protecting Hanover against any invafion from France! For this purpose, a man that had any eyes at all, muft have feen, that it would be neceffary to draw, at leaft, the house of Auftria into the confederacy; and therefore we should have felt the pulfe of the court of Vi enna, before we had abfolutely concluded either of thefe treaties. Nay, we should have felt the pulfe of fome of the other princes of Germany, and likewife of

fome

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