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powers fhould be attacked, it would be looked upon as a breach with both. The King of Pruffia was by no means excepted from thofe who fhould meet with a double enemy on acting against either.

The Pruffian writers contend, that a prince is authorised to invade his neighbour upon a probability or fufpicion of being in danger to be attacked. If fo, how can they maintain, that the Emprefs-Queen ought not to have taken measures, by a treaty with Ruffia, against a turbulent neighbour, who had broke the peace three or four times, un provoked by the house of Austria and its allies?

There may be circumftances which require, according to the laws of fociety, that feveral powers fhould jointly engage to preferve the general tranquil. lity. Should this be neglected, and a difturber be fure of never lofing, but keeping what he has, or what was ceded to him for the fake of peace, or of increafing his poffeffions to aggrandize himself at the expence of his neigh. bours, no state would live in peace and fafety.

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The famous quadruple alliance, concluded, with general approbation, in 1718, agrees with our principles. The 7th article and the 3d fecret article, alfo the zd article of the acceffion-act of the States-General, Feb. 20. 1732, are particularly to be taken notice of. This alliance, made folely for the maintenance of the public tranquillity, is a convincing proof, that the two maritime powers engaged themfelves, in cafe of an attack, to a great deal more to. wards the houfe of Auftria, than Ruffia has done in the 4th fecret article of the treaty of Petersburg. The article laft mentioned of this quadruple alliance is comprised in the following formal expreffions: "But in cate the auxiliaries above mentioned fhould be found infufficient in regard to the impendent necef fity, then the contracting parties fhall, without delay, agree to a more ample fupply, and be bound, in order to repel the force of the enemy, and to prooure fatisfaction, reparation, and full

fecurity to the party offended, to affift, if neceffity fhould require it, their ally with all their forces, and declare war a gainft the aggreffor. The laft words un doubtedly imply all the effects of a declared war on the part of the aiding powers.

The King of Pruffia ought therefore not to have taken offence at the fecret article of the treaty of Petersburg. For the two contracting powers would never have had it in their power to make use of it for the recovery of Silefia, as long as his Majefty had fo much power over himself as to enjoy the advantages fecured to him by the peace of Dresden in peace and quiet. In the place where mention is made of hoftilities against Pruffia, thefe remarkable words are added, "in cafe the King of Pruffia fhould, contrary to expectation, and against our common wishes, first recede from that peace; fuch measures fhould only then, but not before, take place, when their peaceable endeavours were fruftrated." It was left ten years to the King of Pruffia's arbitration, to prevent the existence of the cafe conditionally agreed upon; and it would have been fo for ever.

The Pruffian court accufes the court of Saxony of no more than an inclination and defign to accede to the meafures of Auftria and Ruffia, and this only in cafe of a Pruffian rupture; but it appears plainly that the fact, i. e. the actual acceffion, did not follow. Witnefs all the pretended documents, and the memorial itself, which does not deny the truth in this respect [xviii. 598.]. If a mere intention to oppofe unnatural violences is a fufficient charge against the electoral houfe of Saxony, what can the world judge of defigns which tended, not to prevent violences, but to act arbitrarily against other powers, and to opprefs all the neighbours, as has been too often done by Pruffia?

As for Weingarten the younger, he has for near two years had a Pruffian penfion, which was paid him by the Sieur Ecchel, privy counfellor to the King, the King himself has twice had difcourfe with him, and it is probable

he

he is still fecreted fomewhere by his Majefty, his perfon and family having been often demanded, but without effect.

In fine, it appears very plain, that no tranquillity for Europe, no fecurity for the empire, or its ftates, of what religion foever, is to be hoped for, as long as the King of Pruffia can with fuccefs commit violences after violences, deftroy whole provinces, and break through the moft folemn treaties at his pleasure.

Further corrections of and additions to the memoirs of M. Keith. [405. 523]. Taken from a letter in the Literary Magazine, figned G. O.

TH

The Earl of Kintore therefore applied to parliament for an act, by which Gen. Keith, upon the above-mentioned event, was to be enabled to fucceed to the eftate of Kintore, in the fame manner as if his brother had been actually dead ; and Gen. Keith came to England, with very strong recommendations from his miftrefs, in order to folicit the paffing of the bill.

This had fo good an effect, that when the motion was made in the house of Commons upon à petition, Sir Robert Walpole, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, fignified his Majefty's leave, and, if I am not miftaken, recommended it from his Majefty to the house. Notwithstanding this, (which, he said, he did as a fervant to his Majesty), both he and Sir William Yonge oppofed it ftrenuously, as members of the house; and with such effect, that the petition was thrown out upon a divifion.

HE Duke of Liria, eldeft fon of the Marshal Duke of Berwick, happening to be engaged, in perfon, in the rebellion of 1715, and efcaping out of Scotland with fome difficulty, on account of his remarkable tallness, contracted a perfona! friendship for Lord To fay that he came to England as Marischal; and that Duke being after- ambaffador-extraordinary from the Emward named ambaffador-extraordinary prefs of Ruffia, is therefore a mistake; from the court of Spain to that of Ruffia, as it is, that he appeared at court in the Mr Keith was, by his recommendation, Ruffian drefs, and spoke by an interpre. introduced to the Ruffian fervice. ter, when he had an audience of the King. I remember nothing of his having any interpreter, nor indeed was there occafion for any; and when he approached his Majefty, he was always in his regimentals, which were of green, with a gilt button, and of the same make and cut with ours.

I have little to obferve as to the account given of his fervice in Ruffia; only that his behaviour at the last revolution there, when he was at the head of 30,000 of the beft troops of that empire, and in the neighbourhood of the court, fixed the crown upon the head of her Imperial Majefty.

The account given us of his vifit to England, is entirely mistaken. The truth is as follows.

The eftate of the prefent Earl of Kintore is entailed upon the family of Marifchal. Now, the head of that family being attainted, had the Earl of Kintore and his brother died during the Earl Marifchal's lifetime, the eftate of Kintore muf, by virtue of that attainder, have devolved upon the crown during the Earl Marifchal's life, and then it muft have gone to his brother Gen. Keith, who is not attainted, and is therefore in a capacity of fucceeding in his own perfon both to honours and efate.

As I cannot, from my own knowledge, contradict the reft of the account, I fhall content myfelf with faying, that fome part of it is certainly true, and part of it very improbable. I never heard of his pawning his jewels, nor of his going about in the habit of a peafant when he was in Sweden. That he is no great hoarder of money, is certain; and it is as certain, that when he went upon public bufinefs, his miftrefs always made him a very extraordinary allowance. I never heard of his being extravagant; and if he was not, I can fcarcely form a reafon why he fhould be obliged to pawn his jewels, to maintain his fate.

It is faid, that he offered his fervice at

at that time to this court. But it is next to impoffible that this fhould be true. In the first place, he could have no rank here equal to what he held in the service he was to abandon, or rather to defert. In the next place, it is beyond all doubt that he ftood then in very high favour with his miftrefs; who, to the indulgence fhe fhewed him, in fuffering him to come to England, added unusual marks of her bounty, to enable him to make a figure here equal to his rank and quality. He therefore, without the strongest ingratitude, could have made no fuch offer as is mentioned, efpecially to Sir Robert Walpole. I believe the late Duke of Argyle, and feveral perfons of very high diftinction, English as well as Scots, gave it as their opinion, (and with fome warmth too), that the government never would have reafon to repent any indulgence it should show him; and I prefume they did this upon the knowledge they had of his fentiments: but I will venture to fay he made no advances of any kind to Sir Robert Walpole.

His incog, excurfions with his Pruffan Majefty to London, are likewise anecdotes which the knowing part of the world will find fome difficulty in belieworld will find fome difficulty in belie. ving; as I can scarce think it poffible for a great king to fmuggle himfelf fo long from the affairs of government, without its making a noife all over the

world.

A FORM of PRAYER,

To be ufed in all churches and chapels throughout England, upon Friday Feb. 17. 1758, the day appointed by proclamation for a general faft and humiliation,

For obtaining pardon of our fins, and for averting
thofe heavy judgments which our manifold
provocations have most justly deserved; and im-
ploring his bleffing and affiftance on the arms of
his Majefty by fea and land, and for restoring
and perpetuating peace, fafety, and profperity,
to himself, and to his kingdoms.

EXTRACTS.
MORNING-PRAYER, Pfalms, XXV. xxvii. xlvi.
Leffons, Ifaiah lviii. Matth. x. 24.
Epiftle, Ephef. vi. 10.——————13.
Luke xiii. I.-9.

39. The The Gospel,

Tavo collects to be used instead of the firft collect for morning-prayer.

Almighty God, who ruleft over all

the kingdoms of the earth, and on whose most gracious providence they depend evermore for prefervation and profperity; Extend thine accustomed goodness to the people of this land, who, looking up to thee as the fupreme author of all bleffings, and their fare dangers and difficulties, do now implore fafeguard and mighty deliverer in all thy watchful care and protection; bewith thy counfel, to ftrengthen them feeching thee to guide them continually with thy powerful arm, and to crown their neceffary endeavours, against the unjuft attempts of their enemies, with and Saviour Jefus Chrift. Amen. perpetual fuccefs, through our Lord

I obferved fome other mistakes in the names of the Marfhal's tutors, when young; but being of no concernment to the public, I don't chufe to trouble you with particulars: but cannot help obfer-Lord God of our falvation, in whofe ving, that had the parliament paffed the Earl of Kintore's bill, Field-Marfhal Keith muft have furvived the Earl of Kintore and his brother Mr Keith, and the Earl Marifchal, before he could have had any benefit from it. It was therefore thought a little fevere, to oppofe a favour that was of next to no confequence to the public, though it was of fome to the parties: and confidering that the Czarina interested her felf in the fuccefs of the application, the oppofition was thought to be very impolitic.

hands are the iffues of life and death, of good and evil, and without whofe aid the wifeft counfels of frail men, and the multitude of an hoft, and all the inftruments of war, are but weak and vain; Incline thine ear, we pray thee, to the earnest and devout fupplications of thy fervants; who, not confiding in the fplendor of any thing that is great, or the ftability of any thing that is strong, here below, do mott humbly flee, O Lord, unto thee for fuccour, and put their truft under the fhadow of thy wings. Be thou to us a

tower

tower of defence against the affaults of our enemies, our fhield and buckler in the day of battle; and fo blefs the arms of our gracious fovereign, in the maintenance of his juft and lawful rights, and the advancement of the welfare of his kingdoms, that we being preferved by thy help and goodness from all perils and difafters, and made happily triumphant over all the disturbers of our peace, may joyfully laud and magnify thy glorious name; and ferve thee from generation to generation in all godlinefs and quietnefs, through Jefus Chrift our Lord, Amen.

our land, in this time of trouble, still enjoy the light of thy countenance, and the bleffings of thy bountiful hand; let thy unerring wisdom turn all our disappointments to our advantage; and fo work upon our hearts and minds by the gracious influences of thy Holy Spirit, that being turned from the error of our ways, and created to newness of life, we may walk before thee in all righteousnefs and holiness in this world, and inherit thine everlasting kingdom in that which is to come, through the merits of Jefus Chrift our only Mediator and Advocate. Amen.

To be read after the prayer for the whole ftate of Chrift's church militant here on earth.

After the prayer in the end of the litany, We humbly beseech thee, &c, the people fhall fay this that followeth, after the minifter. Turn thou us, &c.—verbatim as in the form for the faft of Feb. 6. Bef

1756. [xvii. 646.]

us.

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Lord, moft good and powerful, we thy finful people, here affembled before thee, do acknowledge it thine unfpeakable mercy, that for our manifold and heinous provocations we are not utterly confumed, and given over for a prey to the enemy and avenger. We confefs, with forrow and confufion, our long unfruitfulness under the means of grace, the light of thy gofpel, and the many wonderful deliverances of this church and ftate, which thou, in thy great goodness, haft vouchfafed unto O Lord, fhouldst thou enter into judgment with us for the crying fins of this nation, our profanenefs and infidelity, herefies and fchifms, our grofs impurities, and other manifold offences, thou mightft juftly inflict upon us the feverity of thy wrath, and deliver us up to the reproaches and infults of our e nemies but there is mercy with thee, therefore fhalt thou be feared: thou art the Lord God, tender and full of compaffion, not willing that any fhould perifh, but that all fhould repent and live. Look down therefore, we beseech thee, with an eye of pity and loving kindness up on thy fervants, who, with broken and contrite hearts, do here bewail our tranfgreffions and wretchednefs. Let

:

A prayer for this church and kingdom.
Leffed Lord, who at fundry times

and in divers manners haft manifefted thine abundant favour to these realms, in thy marvellous protection of our religion, laws, and liberties, from the fecret confpiracies, and open attempts, of malicious enemies; We, adoring thy glorious Majefty with all praifes and thanksgivings for the fame, befeech thee to preferve evermore in our minds such a lively memory, and grateful fenfe, of these thine invaluable mercies, that by our exemplary and religious use of them, and happy improvements under them, to thy honour and fervice, we may be accounted worthy of the continuance of thy bleffings to us and our pofterity. Take away from us, O Lord, all hardnefs of heart, all neglect of thine ordinances, and contempt of thy word; and endue us with a fpirit of piety and devotion, a fpirit of juftice and temperance, of humility and charity, and of all other graces which adorn the Chriftian profef fion; that so thy dreadful displeasure and judgments may be ever averted from us, and iniquity not become our ruin. Be thou pleafed alfo, with thine ofpecial favour, to guard and profper our gracious Sovereign King GEORGE, with all the royal family. Be thou to him, O Lord, an helmet of falvation against his enemies that delight in war. Do thou, we pray thee, blaft their wicked

designs,

defigns, defeat their ftratagems; and fo put them to flight and confufion before his face, that the terror of his arms may add dignity and luftre to his crown, and bring fafety, joy, and happiness, to himself and his kingdoms. Grant this, O merciful Father, for Jefus Chrift's fake; to whom, with thee and the Holy Ghoft, be all honour and glory, world without end. Amen.

A prayer for all the reformed churches. God, the Father of, mercies, verbatim as in the form for Feb. 6. 1756. [xvii. 646.]

A prayer for unity. God, the Father of our Lord Jefus Chrift our only Saviour, the prince of peace; Look down in much pity and compaffion upon this church and nation, now feeking unto thee in fafting and prayer; and grant, we beseech thee, that our humiliation and repentance may have that bleffed effect, that we may all cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in thy fear. Give us grace, O Lord, ferioufly to lay to heart the great dangers we are in by our unhappy divifions. Take away all hatred and prejudice, and whatsoever elfe may hinder us from godly union and concord; that as there is but one body and one fpirit, and one hope of our calling, one Lord, one faith, one baptifin, one God and Father of us all; fo we may henceforth be all of one heart and of one foul, united in one holy bond of truth and peace, of faith and charity, and may with one mind and one mouth glorify thee, O God, through Jefus Chrift our Lord.

Amen.

EVENING-PRAYER. Pfalms, cxxi. cxxx. lxi. Leffons, 2 Chron. xx. 1.-13. 1 Cor. x. 1.-12, N. B. The preceding prayers are used likewife in Evening Prayer. The other prayers are taken out of the book of common prayer.

Medical obfervations concluded. [635.] Art. XXIV. An account of an obftinate Jcorbutic humour in the legs, of long fanding, cured by lime water.

HE patient, a clergyman of fe

fore leg, greatly inflamed, tomified, and full of ulcers, from the year 1733 till the year 1754; during which time he used exercife, mercurial medicines, mineral waters, and diet-drinks without number, but received no relief; and he was at laft cured by the following method.

He was blooded to about fourteen ounces, and about an hour afterwards drank a draught of lime-water, which he continued to take at the rate of three pints a-day, for five months. At the end of this time the fwelling was quite gone from both legs; but, upon intermitting the lime-water a fortnight, they began to grow hard, and to fwell again. Recourfe was then had to the lime-water, as before; and in ten days all threatening appearances entirely vanished, and the patient from that time enjoyed perfect health, without taking or needing any medicine.

Art. XXV. An account of two paralytic cafes, by Dr Ruffel of Aleppo.

The firft cafe is that of a man about twenty fix years of age, of an atrabilious temperament, but healthy. This man, after complaining of the headach, was fuddenly deprived of all fenfe and motion, and lay in that condition feveral hours. Of thefe fits he had two or three in twenty-four hours, for five days. Upon recovering from them, he complained of a difficulty in moving his left leg and arm; and the laft fit ended in a hemiplegia; and one fide was entirely deprived of the power of motion, though the fenfe of feeling remained.

In about fix weeks he recovered the motion of every part of the fide affected, except the leg and thigh; which, notwithstanding the ufe of every remedy that could be deviled, remained ufelefs. After about twelve months, when all medical attempts had been long given. over, he fuddenly perceived, that the power to move his leg was reftored, and that he could ftand upon it; but in a few minutes it became ufelefs as before. In the evening, he had one of the fits with which he was feized at the first, during 5 I

Tdentary life, was aflicted with a which the paralytic limb was ftrong!

VOL. XIX.

convulied

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