Prepofitions are alfo prefixed to words in fuch a manner, as to coalefce with them, and to become a part of them. Prepositions, ftanding by themselves in Construction, are put before Nouns and Pronouns ; and fometimes after Verbs; but in this fort of Compofition they are chiefly prefixed to Verbs: as, to outgo, to overcome, to undervalue. There are alfo certain Particles, which are thus employed in Compofition of words, yet cannot ftand by themselves in Conftruction as, a, be, con, mis, &c; in abide, bedeck, conjoin, mistake, &c; thefe are called Infeparable Prepofitions.

TH

CONJUNCTION.

HE CONJUNCTION connects or joins together Sentences; fo as, out of two, to make one Sentence.

Thus, "You, and I, and Peter, rode to London," is one Sentence, made up of these three by the Conjunction and twice employed; "You rode to London; I rode to London; Peter rode to London." Again, "You and I rode to London, but Peter ftaid at home," is

before Participles are out of use in the folemn stile; but still prevail in familiar difcourfe. They are established by long usage, and good authority: and there seems to be no reafon, why they fhould be utterly rejected.

one

one Sentence made up of three by the Conjunctions and and but: both of which equally connect the Sentences, but the latter expreffes an Oppofition in the Senfe. The firft is therefore called a Conjunction Copulative; the other a Conjunction Disjunctive.

The use of Copulative Conjunctions is to connect, or to continue, the Sentence, by expreffing an addition, and; a fuppofition, or condition, if, as; a caufe, because [5], then; a motive, that; an inference, therefore; &c.

The ufe of Disjunctives is to connect and to continue the Sentence; but withal to exprefs Oppofition of meaning in different degrees: as ♦r, but, than, although, unless, &c.

I

INTERJECTION.

NTERJECTIONS, fo called, because they are thrown in between the parts of a sentence without making any other alteration in it, are a kind of Natural Sounds to exprefs the affection of the Speaker.

The different Paffions have, for the most part, different Interjections to express them.

[5] The Conjunction because, ufed to exprefs the motive, or end, is either improper or obfolete: as, " The multitude re buked them, becaufe they should hold their peace." Matt. xx. 31. "It is the cafe of fome, to contrive falfe periods of business, because they may feem men of difpatch." Bacon, Effay xxv. We fhould now make use of that.

The

The Interjection O, placed before a Subftantive, expreffes more ftrongly an address made to that perfon or thing; as it marks in Latin what is called the Vocative Cafe.

A

SENTENCES.

SENTENCE is an affemblage of words, expressed in proper form, and ranged in proper order, and concurring to make a complete sense.

The Conftruction of Sentences depends principally upon the Concord or Agreement, and the Regimen or Government, of Words.

One word is faid to agree with another, when it is required to be in like cafe, number, gender, or person.

One word is faid to govern another, when it causeth the other to be in fome Cafe, or Mode.

Sentences are either Simple, or Compounded. A Simple Sentence hath in it but one Subject, and one Finite Verb; that is, a Verb in the Indicative, Imperative, or Subjunctive Mode.

A Phrafe is two or more words rightly put together, in order to make a part of a Sentence; and fometimes making a whole fentence.

The most common PHRASES, ufed in fimple Sentences, are the following.

Ift

ist Phrase: The Subftantive before a Verb Active, Paffive, or Neuter; when it is faid, what thing is, does, or is done: as, "I am;" "Thou writeft;" "Thomas is loved :" where I, Thou, Thomas, are the Nominative [6] Cases ; and answer to the question, who, or what? as, "Who is loved? Thomas." And the Verb agrees with the Nominative Cafe in Number and Perfon [7]; as, thou being the Second Perfon Singular, the Verb writeft is so too.

[6] " He, whom ye pretend reigns in heaven, is fo far from protecting the miferable fons of men, that he perpetually delights to blast the sweetest flowrets in the Garden of Hope." Adventurer, No. 76. It ought to be who, the Nominative Cafe to reigns ; not aubom, as if it were the Objective Cafe governed by pretend." If you were here, you would find three or four in the parlour after dinner, whom you would say passed their time agreeably." Locke, Letter to Molyneux.

"Scotland and Thee did each in other live."

Dryden's Poems, Vol. II. p. 220. "We are alone; here's none but Thee and I."

Shakespear, 2 Henry VI.

It ought in both places to be Thou: the Nominative Cafe to the

Verb expressed or understood.

[7]. "But Thou, false Arcite, never shall obtain

Thy bad pretence."

Dryden, Fables.

It ought to be halt. The mistake seems to arife from the confounding of Thou and You, as equivalent in every respect; whereas. one is Singular, the other Plural. See above, p. 50.

"And wherefoe'er thou cafts thy view."

Cowley, on the Death of Hervey.

"There's [there are] two or three of us have seen strange

Lights."

Shakespear, Jul. Cæf 24

2d Phrase. The Subftantive after a Verb Neuter or Paffive; when it is faid, that fuch a thing is, or is made, or thought, or called, fuch another thing; or, when the Subftantive after the Verb is fpoken of the fame thing or perfon with the Subftantive before the Verb: as, "A calf becomes an ox;" "Plautus is accounted a Poet;" " I am He.” Here the latter Substantive is in the Nominative Cafe, as well as the former; and the Verb is said to govern the Nominative Cafe or, the latter Subftantive may be faid to agree in Cafe with the former.

3d Phrase: The Adjective after a Verb Neuter or Paffive, in like manner: as, "Life is fhort, and Art is long." "Exercise is esteemed wholesome."

"Great pains bas [have] been taken.”

Pope, P. S. to the Odyssey.. "I have confidered, what have [hath] been said on both sides in this controverfy." Tillotson, Vol. I. Serm. 27.

"One would think, there was more Sophifts than one had a finger in this Volume of Letters." Bentley, Differt. on Socrates's Epiftles, Sect. IX.

"The number of the names together were about an hundred and twenty." Acts, i. 15. See alfo Job, xiv. 5.

"And Rebekah took goodly raiment of her eldest son Efau, which were with her in the house, and put them upon Jacob her youngest fon." Gen, xxvii. 15.

"If the blood of bulls and of goats, and the afhes of an heifer, fprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the fefh." Heb. ix. 13. See alfo Exod, ix. 8, 9, 12.

4th