into the Villa Belle Rive, and Shelley, with Mary and Miss Clairmont, into a small house hard by, on the Mont Blanc side of the Lake. Soon afterwards Byron made a further move, into the Villa Diodati, very beautifully situated on the high banks of the Lake near Coligny, and Shelley into a house at its foot, termed the Maison Chapuis or Campagne Mont Alègre," &c.*

It only remains to consider Diodati and Mont Alègre in their topographical aspects. The scene now changes to about two miles out of Geneva, on the south shore of the lake. This was along the road to Thonon, and in or near the suburb of Coligny. The larger villa stood on the high ground of the sloping side of the lake; the smaller residence lay near the water-edge, directly at its feet the aspect of both was the same. Here is Mrs. Shelley first, writing from Mont Alègre, or Chapuis, in her letter of June 1:—

"You will perceive from my date that we have changed our residence since my last letter. We now inhabit a little cottage on the opposite shore of the Lake, and have exchanged the view of Mont Blanc and her snowy aiguilles for the dark frowning Jura, behind whose range we every evening see the sun sink."† From Diodati the outlook was the same. Witness Polidori, There is a balcony from the saloon which looks on the lake and the mountain Jura." Medwin's description is more circumstantial :— "The Campagne Mont Alègre, or Chapuis, as it was sometimes called, lay immediately at the foot of Diodati, being only separated from it by a vineyard, and having no other communication but a very tortuous, hedged-in, and narrow lane, scarcely admitting of a char-u-banc.... At the extremity of the terrace is a secure little port, belonging to the larger villa, and here was moored the boat which formed so much the mutual delight and recreation of the two poets."§

Polidori corroborates the latter portion of this :

"I went down to the little port, if I may use the expression, wherein his (Byron's) vessel used to lay (sic), and conversed with the cottager who had the care of it."

From this small creek the poets sailed to circumnavigate the lake on June 23. From Mont Alègre Byron's natural daughter Allegra derived her name. Diodati was built by the Genevese theologian, John Diodati, who is said to have entertained Milton here on his Italian journey.

The Shelleys made no further change of residence until their departure for England on August 29. Byron considerably outstayed them, and quitted Diodati for Italy on October 7 or 8.

J. LEICESTER WARREN.

P.S.-Since the above was written, Mr. W. Rossetti has obligingly consulted the unpublished diary of Dr. Polidori at my request, and as kindly furnished me with some memoranda

Rossetti's Shelley, vol. i. lxxxvii. "Memoir." + Six Weeks' Tour, p. 98. The Vampyre, Preface, x.

§ Medwin, vol. i. p. 238.

The Vampyre, Preface, xi.

extracted therefrom. From these it appears that Byron and Polidori actually moved into the Villa Diodati on June 10; that they took the house from a Madame Neckar for six months, to Nov. 1, for 125 louis. The transaction was managed by Hentsch, a Genevese banker, mentioned in vol. ii. p. 46 of the Letters and Journals, and several times subsequently, as the transmittee of Byron's letters and remittances from England. As regards the Villa Belle Rive, Mr. W. Rossetti informs me that there is nothing in Polidori's diary about a house, Belle Rive or other, intermediate between the Hôtel and Diodati. Mr. W. Rossetti further suggests an acute and convincing interpretation of the passage in the Letters. This is much better than my proposal to make Belle Rive a synonym of Diodati. Mr. Rossetti would read thus: "Mr. and Mrs. Shelley removed to a small house on the Mont Blanc side of the Lake, within about ten minutes' walk of the villa [Diodati] which their noble friend [Byron] had taken, upon the high banks, [which are] called Belle Rive, that rose the villa]." This seems nearly conclusive; and I immediately behind them [the small house and from the Hôtel, the Shelley party only occupied suppose we may now infer that, after their removal Mont Alègre and Byron only occupied Diodati. Some of your readers are sure to visit Geneva this autumn.

of Diodati and Mont Alègre would, I think, A note on the present condition be worth recording in your columns. They might also readily ascertain, in situ, whether Belle Rive is, about Coligny, a general name for the high sloping sides of the lake.

SHAKSPEARIANA.

"OLD UTIS" (5th S. vii. 423,465, 503.)-As this question is now being discussed, and O. W. T. has done a good deal to clear it up, it may be as well to finish off the history of the etymology. To derive hutesium from O. F. huer is to omit all account of the t, so that the derivation is plainly untenable. At the same time the words are closely connected. The completion of the word's history explains the whole matter. To begin with, it was Scandinavian. The Old Swedish hut! was an interjection, meaning "get out of the way," or

begone," and is still in use. Hence Swed. huta ut, lit. to hoot out, to reprove one sharply. Hence also E. hoot, to cry "hoot!" at, to bid to begone; Mid. Eng. huten, borrowed from Scandinavian in the eleventh century, and appearing in the Ormulum, 1. 2034. French etymologists much underrate the obligations of French to Scandinavian, yet the Normans were merely Danes, and the number of French words due to Scandinavian is rather large. When the Scand. huta was adopted into French, it dropped the t, by rule, and became huer, just as the Latin gluten is now represented

in English by glue, a word borrowed from French. Hence the F. huer means to hoot; the sb. hue means a hooting, borrowed by English and retained in the phrase "hue and cry." From O. F. huer was formed the Low Lat. huesium, but the alternative form hutesium retained the original t. We also find, in Old French, the very interjection hu! itself, shortened from O. Swed. hut! The O. F. huee, a hue, a cry, shows (by its form) that the sb. hue was derived from the verb huer, and not vice versa. In the Low Lat. hutesium, the hut- goes with Swed. huta, and the -esium is a suffix, of similar force to -erie in the O. F. huerie, a confused clamour. Our modern "hue and cry" was expressed by hutesium et clamor, and was early in use in England as a law term; it occurs in the Close Rolls, 30 Henry III., m. 5 (Blount's Law Dictionary). The French and Latin h (unlike the Teutonich) was so weak that it easily dropped off, leaving the sound utesium, which was ingeniously modified, as O. W. T. points out, into M. E. outhees; due to a popular etymology which resolved the word into A.-S. út, out, and A.-S. has, a command, now spelt hest by the adoption of the usual excrescent t after s, as in amongst, amidst, whilst, &c. This popular etymology being fully believed in (as is so often the case) caused the word to take the occasional form uthest, as in the Owl and Nightingale, 1683, 1698; but the strong measure of adding the excrescent t was not generally adopted, so that outhees appears in Chaucer, and is very likely the same as utis in Shakspeare. The epithet old, i.e. rare, excellent, has long been well understood. The explanation of utis as "octave" is due to Nares. All he has to show for it is a quotation from an old play, "Let us begin the utas of our jollitie"; an indecisive passage on which little can be built. It is certainly extraordinary that the octave of a feast should be taken as the type of a festive time, in preference to the feast itself, of which it was but a mild repetition. If it could be shown that the feast lasted for the whole of the eight days, the explanation would be more reasonable; but I find no evidence for this. I do not subscribe to the derivation of utas from F. huitiesme, which is merely impossible; it is plainly derived from Lat. octava, as shown by the O. F. form utaves (evidently a plural from a singular utave), cited from Kelham by Nares.

We thus have the whole history of the two words which are claimed to explain Shakspeare's utis. Which of them is really right can hardly be said to be settled; but there seems a probability in favour of hutesium. WALTER W. SKEAT.

2, Salisbury Villas, Cambridge. In my note on 5th S. vii. 504 hutiesme should be huitiesme. O. W. TANCOCK.

CATALOGUE OF BISHOPS THAT HAVE BEEN TREASURERS (from MS. note in Godwin in my possession):

1189. Richardus Nigellus, epūs. Londin.
1219. Johës de ffontibus, Eliers.
1222. Eustachius de ffauconbrige, Londin.
1223. Walterus Maldeer [Malderk]. Carleol.
1240. Hugo Pateshall, Litch. et Coven.
1265. Walterus Gifford, Eborac.
1268. Nicholas de Ely, Wigorn.

1269. Walterus de Langton, Cov. et Litch.
1274. Johes de Chishull, Londin.
1274. Robtus Burwell, Bath. et Well.
1286. Johes de Kirkeby, Eliens.
1292. Willelmus de March, Bath. et Well.
1307. Walterus Stapleton, Exon.
1313. Walterus Raynold, Cantuar.
1316. Johēs Sandall al. Kendall, Winton.
1316. Johës Hothom, Eliens.
1320. Henricus Burwash, Linc.
1322. Rogerus Northborow, Cov. et Litch.
1333. Richus de Bury, Dunelm.
1345. Willelmus Edendon, Winton.
1352. Johés de Shepey, Roffens.
1361. Simon Langham, Eliens.
1366. Johes Barnet, Eliens.
1370. Tho. Brentingham, Exon.
1376. Johes Gilbertus, Hereford.
1381. Johes ffordham, Dunelm.
1386. Richus Scroope, Cov. et Litch.
1388. Johes Waltham, Sarisb.
1401. Guido de Mona, Menevens.
1425. Jobes Stafford, Bath. et Well.
1430. Marmaducus Lumly, Carleol.
1469. Willelmus Gray, Eliens.
1636. Gulielmus Juxon, Londin.
At the end is-

καμινος ειμι ουκ ανθρωπος.

MACKENZIE E. C. WALCOTT.

PEDIGREE OF WIGOD AND MILO CRISPIN.-The pedigree of Wigod of Wallingford and the descent of his land have been considered as matters of conjecture only, there not appearing to be any record to establish the facts. Various suppositions have been made, and Sir H. Ellis appears to have been right in making Milo Crispin marry the daughter of Robert Doilly. The pedigree and descent are stated in correspondence with this in a document which appears to determine the question.

There is in the Testa de Nevill an inquisition which was taken at Wallingford by command of the king. This book contains the fees of the time of Henry III. and Edward I., and as mention is made in the inquisition of "Henry, the father of the king," it is obviously to be referred to the later of the two. It was made, that is, about a hundred and twenty or a hundred and thirty years after the retirement to a religious life of Earl Brienne and the countess, which took place, as is stated, in the reign of King Stephen. This document cannot, indeed, be considered of contemporary authority. But, as it was drawn up on the spot, at a time when the descent of the lands may be supposed to have been traceable, it may be

looked upon as almost, if not quite, decisive as to the points at issue. It is translated from p. 115, fol., Lond., 1807:

"Of the honour of Walingford in Testa de Nevill.

"To his most beloved lords the justiciaries of the lord the king and the barons of the Exchequer the Constable of Walingford with faithful obedience sendeth greeting. Know ye that I have diligently made inquisition concerning the mandate of the lord the king by the sheriff to me transmitted through the knights of my bailiwick, and of the inquisition this is the sum :

Wygod of Walingford held the honour of Walingford in the time of King Harold and afterward in the time of King William the First, and he had by his wife a certain daughter whom he gave to Robert Doilly; the same Robert had by her a daughter named Matilda, who was his heir. Milo Crispin married her, and had with her the aforesaid honour of Walingford. When Milo died, the lord the King Henry the First gave the aforesaid Matilda to Brienne, the son of the earl, together with her inheritance. She had no heir. The same Brienne and Matilda his wife in the time of King Stephen gave themselves to religion, and the lord Henry, the son of Matilda the Empress, who was at that time Duke of Normandy, seized the aforesaid honour."

This Brienne was charged with the custody of William Martel, the sewer of King Stephen, who was taken at Winchester, and built a prison for him at Wallingford called "Cloere Brien," and when the empress made her celebrated escape from the castle at Oxford over the snow, she fled to him for protection (Mat. Par., Hist. Maj., an. 1141, p. 79, Lond., 1640).

The pedigree would therefore be:

Matilda, : 1. = Milo Crispin, 2. Brienne, son of ob. s. hær. ob. s.p. A.D. 1107. earl. I could not point to any work in which this inquisition is transcribed or cited.

Milo Crispin and his wife Matilda are mentioned as benefactors to the Abbey of Abingdon (Chron. Mon. Abingd., vol. ii. p. 110, Rolls' Ser., 1858). ED. MARSHALL.

LETTER OF LORD BYRON.-The original, which I have in my collection of autographs, is of interest just now:"March 6, 1814.

"Dear Sir, I regret troubling you, but my friend H. who saw the pictures to-day suggests to me that the nose of the smaller portrait is too much turned up. If you recollect, I thought so too; but as we never can tell the truth of one's own features, I should have said no more on the subject but for this remark of a friend whom I have known so long that he must at least be aware of the length of that nose by which I am so easily led.

Perhaps you will have the goodness to retouch it, as it is a feature of some importance-the Albanian wants nothing if you can-excuse my plaguing you with this request. Y very truly,

BIRON."

On referring to Moore's Life and Letters of Byron, I find, March 7, 1814, "At three sat to Phillips for faces," this being the day after the above letter. It is also interesting being signed Biron. CRAWFORD J. Pocock.

24, Cannon Place, Brighton.

"MAZAGRAN."-Most travellers in France are aware that this name is given to café noir (served in a tall glass), to which water is frequently added. It at first struck me that the word might be a Persian compound signifying "warm wine," and in this I thought I was confirmed by Arabic kahwat (whence café, coffee), signifying literally "wine." It afterwards occurred to me that the word might be derived from a proper name; and I found in Paris a Rue Mazagran, leading into one of the Boulevards (Bonne Nouvelle ?). A French friend, however, informs me that coffee tempered with water was drunk by the French soldiers in Algeria, especially at the battle of Mazagran, under Bugeaud, and that the drink thus derived its name. It was probably owing either to the badness of the water or to the danger of drinking water alone. In Johnston's map I find Masagran near Arzeo, a little N.E. of Oran, and on the coast. In his Ind. Geog. he gives Mazagran, Algeria, N. W. A., 35° 52′ N., 0° 4' E., and Masagan or Mazighan, Marocco, N. W. A.; and in his Dict. Geog. he has Mazagan, a fortified seaport E. of Marocco on the Atlantic. R. S. CHARNOCK. Malta.

MISUSED WORD: "SEVERALLY."-Our rector publishes the banns of marriage between half a dozen couples, and invites any of the congregation who know cause or just impediment why those persons should not severally be joined together in holy matrimony to declare it. I declare accordingly that if the arrangement thus expressed be conceivable (but it may be fairly contended that, severance and junction being contradictory in terms, the phrase has no meaning) it will be rank polygamy. I suspect, however, that what is really intended is that the couples indicated are to be respectively joined together, and to this, so far as I am aware, there is no objection. J. F. M.

"SILE."-This word is not given in Johnson nor in the Library Dictionary, 1871. It is in common use, I believe, throughout England. Its use is restricted to the operation of passing newly drawn milk through a sieve of fine wire or hair, called a sile, so as to free the milk from the froth caused by milking. It is given in Bailey: "Sila (s., fr. the Sax. syl), filth, filth that sinks to the bottom"; "To sile, to sink, to fall to the bottom." In this case, I suppose, the word is a congener to silt; but the modern use is not connected with anything which sinks to the bottom, but to that which floats on the top. E. L. BLENKINSOPP.