WILLIAM SKINNER (5th S. vii. 467), who is stated to have consigned Andrew Marvell's valuable letters to his pastrymaid, was the son of William Skinner, the mayor of Hull 1664, but I am not aware that there exists any proof that the latter was "a connexion of Cyriac Skinner, Milton's friend." I know it has been so assumed. Mr. Grosart, in his Marvell, p. xxxiii, is in error, I think, in stating that Cyriac Skinner was "brother of the mayor of Hull." That Cyriac Skinner had a brother named William is true enough, but that the latter is identical with the alderman of Hull is quite another matter.

And here I may say that, having been for several years engaged in the so far unsuccessful endeavour to ascertain the parentage of the abovenamed William Skinner, mayor of Hull, who died Sept. 19, 1680, æt. 53, I shall feel greatly obliged to any one who can inform me, from evidence, whose son he was. CHARLES JACKSON.

Doncaster.

I

STEPHEN, KING OF ENGLAND, AND HIS DESCENDANTS (5th S. vii. 488.)-C. H. must have made a lapsus calami, I think, in writing that Guy de Montfort was brother-in-law of Henry III. have been searching after the family of De Montfort, and the Earl of Leicester, brother-in-law to the king, was always spoken of as Simon. Does C. H. believe in the legend in the ballad of the Beggar's Daughter of Bednall Green," as found in Percy's Reliques, in which Henry de Montfort is alleged not to have died on Evesham battle field, but to have lost his sight, married, and become the father of "pretty Bessee"? Is there any truth in this legend, for all histories I have read state that Henry was killed before his father? M. DRABWASH.

BAPTIZING SLAVES (5th S. vii. 508.)-Mr. G. Lewis, in his Journal of a West India Proprietor, after describing a conviction for assault at the Montego Bay Assizes, 1816, adds: "The man was a clergyman; and his cause of quarrel against the officer was the latter's refusal to give him a puncheon of rum to christen all his negroes in a lump." Temple.

W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.

DAMAGED PRINTS (5th S. vii. 428.)-A print with a name written across is damaged; if cleaned by an amateur it will probably be destroyed. Amateur cleaning of pictures and prints has been as destructive to art, though in a much less serious degree, as the so-called restoration of churches and other public buildings. If a print or painting is

worth anything, it should be entrusted to a good professional cleaner. Experto crede, almost all spots can be readily removed. J. C. J.

JOAN OF ARC (5th S. viii. 8.)-Let me set M. BARBÉ's mind at rest. My innocent allusion (at 5th S. vii. 448) was to the third daughter of Edward I., the Princess Joan of Acre, so named from the place of her birth. Though, as with the victim of the Rouen atrocity, her death was a premature one, she had twice "lost her right to the surname she bore," or, at least, had had two husbands, and from her, therefore, I may be allowed, without any reflection on her reputation, to claim a double descent.

New Univ. Club.

H. W.

"MAZAGRAN" (5th S. viii. 26.)-The account I have received when in Paris of this name applied to coffee differs slightly from the one given by DR. CHARNOCK.

As I understand it, the French soldiers at the battle of Mazagran were unable to procure cognac, and therefore were obliged to take their café noir minus the usual petit verre, so that in effect mazagran" is simply the coffee without the addition of brandy.

of

This theory appears to me to be borne out by the fact that, if one asks at a café for a demie-tasse, the carafon of cognac accompanies it as a matter course, while (against the theory that "mazagran " is necessarily tempered with water), in asking for a "mazagran," the carafe does not, at all cafés, form a feature in the service.

its name lately. I do not remember the new one. The "Rue Mazagran" has, I believe, changed

A. A. A.

"She called the Country by the name of Virginia; as well, for that it was first discover'd in her Reign, a Virgin Queen; as that it did still seem to retain the Virgin Purity and Plenty of the first Creation, and the People their Primitive Innocence; for they seem'd not debauch'd nor corrupted with those Pomps and Vanities, which had depraved and inslaved the Rest of Mankind; Minds corrupted by the Desire of hoarding up Treasure." neither were their Hands harden'd by Labour, nor their The queen was fond of double meanings of this

character.

EDWARD SOLLY.

MR. TUTTLE may take as a collateral fact the naming of an English settlement in Cavan, in Ireland, as " Virginia." HYDE CLARKE.

by O. W. T., Milton is wrong in making than be followed by an objective where it should have been followed by a nominative to a verb understood. In proof I take the first of the three passages cited by O. W. T.:

"Belial came last; than whom a spirit more lewd Fell not from heaven."

Change the construction of the passage from the inverted to the direct form, and substitute a personal for the relative pronoun, and the grammatical error into which Milton has fallen will become apparent to a child: "Belial came last; a spirit more lewd than he (was) fell not from heaven." I gave the passage to one of my children, a girl of twelve, to parse, and she at once detected the error. R. M. SPENCE, M.A.

Manse of Arbuthnott, N.B.

THE OLD TESTAMENT JEWISH AUTHORS (5th S. vii. 221, 269, 351, 478.)-Allow me first to tender my best thanks to MR. WHYTE for his kind suggestion and the valuable information contained in his note. I have neither the time nor, I fear, the qualifications required to write a biography of the Jewish authors, a work which would certainly be most interesting, but for which MR. WHYTE seems to be, I am glad to say, far better prepared than I am myself.

As to the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton, I can only say that there are several ways of writing and pronouncing the name, according to the various vowels or points which have been added to the four letters. I know these: Jehovah, Iehova, Iaveh, Ieuo, Iabe, and Iao or Ihaho. This last pronunciation is Egyptian. G. A. Schuman (Genesis Hebr.-Græc., Leipzig, 1829, 8vo., pp. 29-31) supposes that Moses adopted this name as being the same as the name of the supreme God known and worshipped in Egypt. It primitively conveyed, according to all likeness, the idea of God existing by himself, avoúraрктov, sum quod adest; such was the inscription of an ancient statue of Isis; such were the epithets given to God in the hymns sung by the hierophants in the temple of Serapis : "Iao esse unum, a se ipsum, rerum omnium auctorem." The same idea is to be found in the rabbinical writings and in the Apocalypse (i. 4): ó ŵv kaì ô ýv kaì ó épxóμevos. Compare also the famous inscription, "Sum quod est, fuit et erit; nemo mortalium velamentum sustulit." HENRI GAUSSERON.

Ayr Academy.

COPIES OF THE SHAKSPEARE FOLIOS OF 1623 AND 1632 (5th S. vii. 247, 277, 455.)-I, an ignorant outsider in such matters, have been greatly exercised by the communications cited above, for I had taken it for granted that every copy of the First Folio, if not of the Second, was well known; its owner and its habitat carefully recorded, howsoever it might change hands. But

now, on the contrary, it would seem that even great Shakspearian authorities are unable to trace and identify a peculiarly remarkable copy, which has changed hands within the last few years. Surely all the world ought to know how many copies of the First Folio are in existence, and where, from time to time, they are; and what more fitting place for such a record than the columns of "N. & Q."? I myself know of one copy at least, stowed away in the old library of a friend of mine in Norfolk. A. J. M.

HUGH DE POYNINGS (5th S. vii. 448, 491.)— There is a full pedigree of this family by the Rev. Agar Holland, M.A., Rector of Poynings, in the Sussex Archeological Collections, vol. xv. pp. 14-17. On the last-named page Sir Hugh's marriages, &c., are set out in full. He had issue by both his wives: by his first, Elizabeth, d. and h. of Martin Ferrers, of Bere Ferrers, he had a dau. Joan, married to Sir Thomas Bonville, brother to William, first Lord Bonville; and by his second, Eleanor, dau. of John, Lord Welles, he had (1) Constance, married first to John Pawlet, greatgrandfather to Sir John Pawlet, created 1539 Lord St. John of Basing, and 1551 Marq. of Winchester; m. secondly Henry Greene, of Drayton, by whom she had an only dau., Constance, mar. to John Stafford, Earl of Wilts; (2) Alice, mar. first John Orell, by whom she had two daughters; she mar. secondly Sir Thomas Kingeston, by whom she also left issue. Where does H. W. find the marriage of a Margaret de Mowbray with a Lord | Welles?

SYWL.

HENNING (5th S. vii. 250, 395.)-The Theatrum Genealogic. Ostentans omnes omnium ætatum familias monarchum, regum, &c., by Hieron. Henninges or Henning, published at Magdeburg in 1598, is divided into four parts, usually bound in five or six vols. folio. It is a work of great learning, and very seldom to be found complete. Collectors add to it Genealogiæ aliquot Familiarum Nobilium in Saxonia, Hamburgi, 1590, fol. Some seventy years ago the two works often fetched in sales 81. or 10l., but I do not think they could be sold now for much more than 21. or 31. See Brunet, Manuel du Libraire. By the same author I also know

"Genealogiæ Impp. Regum, Principum Electorum, Ducum, Comitum et Dynastarum, qui Circo Saxonico, Westphalico et Burgundico comprehenduntur, quique ex his in Italia, Gallia et Germania originem traxerunt. Ulysseæ, Crænerus, 1588, fol."

This last book seems to be the work referred to by Q., as it is the only one bearing on the title Ulysseœ, Crænerus. The publisher of Theatrum was Kirchnerus; and Wolsius published Genealogic aliquot Familiarum in Saxonia.

Ayr Academy.

HENRI GAUSSERON.

A LIBEL UPON PEPYS (5th S. vii. 42, 369, 496.) -The initial "H" stands in this dialogue for Hewer. Internal evidence alone is sufficient to show that it cannot mean Harbord, for Harbord was Pepys's parliamentary opponent, at whose instance the Committee of Inquiry into the Miscarriages of the Navy Officers was appointed. But the matter is put beyond doubt by the occurrence amongst the Pepys MSS., in the Bodleian Library, of a copy of the paper in question, in which the names of Pepys and Hewer are given in full. Absence from home and from books prevents my adding the reference to the volume in which it is W. D. MACRAY.

contained.

"LANCASHIRE MEMORIALS" (5th S. vii. 389, 494.)-The full title of this book, which was issued in 1845, forming vol. v. of the series entitled "Remains, Historical and Literary, connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester, published by the Chetham Society," is as follows:-Lancashire Memorials of the Rebellion 1715. By Samuel Hibbert Ware, M.D., &c. The work treats-1, of the state of parties in Lancashire preceding the rebellion; and, 2, of the events of that movement, as collected from scarce and original documents, giving many interesting details of the passage of the Scottish army through Lancashire. It sells for fifteen shillings.

A. M. S. will probably find a copy in each of the following places :-London: The Athenæum and Reform Clubs, the Middle Temple, and London Libraries; Manchester: The Chetham, Free, and Owens College Libraries; Liverpool: The Athenæum and Free Libraries; Rochdale: The Free Library; York: The Subscription Library; Bolton: The Public Library; Preston Shepherd's Library; and Leeds: The Leeds Library. ROSPEAR.

SHEEP LED BY THE SHEPHERD (5th S. vii. 345, 477.)-I remember remarking this to a gentleman in Spain, where it is common, and he informed me that all sheep would not do this, only some particular kinds. I think he mentioned the Merino as one which did.

66

E. LEATON BLENKINSOPP.

UMBRELLAS (5th S. vi. 202, 313, 335, 394; vii. 19, 158, 418.)—I have a curious old dictionary entitled, Lingua Britannica Reformata; or, a New Universal English Dictionary. By Benj. Martin. The Second Edition, greatly Improved

gives, "Umbrello, Ital. (of umbella, Lat., a dim. of umbra, a shadow).-1. A skreen carried over the head to keep one from the sun or rain; 2. A sort of wooden frame covered with cloth to keep off the sun from a window." G. DE JEANVille.

S. vii. 449 ; viii. 31.)—I have to thank your corre"TABLEAUX DES MŒURS DU TEMPS," &C. (5th spondents for the information they have given me. We now discover that two copies exist-of course my query referred to the original edition. Can APIS, without breach of confidence, tell me who Mr. H***** of Paris and the bibliophile of London are? J. BORRAJO.

vii. 36, 76, 233, 435, 515; viii. 38.)-I also shall HERALDIC BOOK-PLATES (5th S. vi. 465, 469; be glad to have my name added to the list of

collectors.

Littleton Place, Walsall.

S. A. NEWMAN.

SCOTT FAMILY: THE PARENTAGE OF ARCHBISHOP ROTHERHAM (5th S. vii. 89, 139, 158, 292, 330, 375, 416, 470, 490, 509; viii. 29.)— In the obituary of Beauchief Abbey, a house which was distant about eight miles from Rotherham, are commemorated: "Gilbertus de Roderham, canonicus, sacerdos, et professus : Petrus Roderham, canonicus et sacerdos Henricus de Roderham, canonicus et sacerdos: Robertus de Roderham, abbas istius loci." Throughout this obituary it is evident that the professed members of the house adopted the names of their birthplaces on becoming dead to the world. Lay brothers and benefactors are generally commemorated by their proper names, e.g. "Magister Detard de Roderham."

Sheffield.

S. O. ADDY.

(p. 325, edit. Russell Smith, 1857)," Hymn for a Widower or Widow deprived of a Loving Yoke-fellow." FANNY B-.

(5th S. viii. 49.) "Three centuries," &c.

This is a translation of some lines of Ovid, by Dryden :— "The monarch oak, the patriarch of trees,

Shoots rising up, and spreads by slow degrees: Three centuries he grows, and three he stays, Supreme in state; and in three more decays." The authority for this is E. Bysshe's Art of English Poetry, fourth edit., London, 1710, "Oak," p. 312. ED. MARSHALL.

"By Thetis' tinsel-slippered feet"

is from the invocation to Sabrina, in Milton's Comus. F. L.

"Father of Light! to thee I call, My soul is dark within." By Lord Byron in 1807 (Moore's Life of Byron, first edition, vol. i. p. 108). W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Collections for a Genealogy of the Noble Families of Henzey, Tyttery, and Tyzack, Gentilshommes-Verriers from Lorraine. By H. S. Grazebrook. (Stourbridge, for the Author.)

MR. GRAZEBROOK has here got together a mass of materials for the history of the families originally known as De Hennezel, De Thiétry, and Du Thisac, as well in their own country as in this. To a general reader the great charm of this book will be found in the introductory part. Mr. Grazebrook shows that the old Palissy idea of a worker in glass being made "noble " by his calling is unfounded. It appears that "nobility' not suspended by a "noble " sharing in glass works, for the reason that when the employments were set down, by engaging in which an aristocrat lost his quality, glassmaking was not known. Not being prohibited, it was taken as being allowed; thence the "Gentilshommes

Verriers."

was

IN "Nature Series" (Macmillan) Mr. H. W. Chisholm has supplied a treatise On the Science of Weighing and Measuring, and Standards of Measure and Weight. Proceeding as the treatise does from the pen of the Warden of the Standards, the subject may be said to be treated of authoritatively; certainly as much minuteness is applied to it as the limits of the volume permitted. "The object," to quote Mr. Chisholm's own words, "has been to give as much instructive information as the limited space would allow in relation to the standards of weights and measures in use at different periods in various countries, and more particularly to call attention to the scientific basis of our existing standards of weight and measure; and also to describe the construction of instruments of precision required for the accurate comparison of standards, and to explain the theory and practice of scientific weighing and measuring." The numerous illustrations accompanying the volume add interest to the whole.

I understand, purchased for Her Majesty's collection at
Windsor Castle.
W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.

PARISH REGISTERS.-The Harleian Society have resolved to publish some of the most interesting of our parish registers, and have appointed a committee from their council to carry this out. The society propose to commence with the register of St. Peter's, Cornhill, one of the most interesting of the London registers. The first volume commences in 1538.

Notices to Correspondents.

ON all communications should be written the name an i address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

CIRCUS. This should serve you. The Post Boy, in April, 1700, has, "John Dryden, the famous Poet, lies a-dying." On Thursday, May 2, 1700, the same paper says: "Yesterday Morning, at 3 of the Clocke, John Dryden, Esq., departed this Life, who for his Poetry, &c., excelled all others the Age produced." This is contemporary evidence. Cooke's editor made a mistake of a year. Dryden certainly died as the morning of Mayday dawned, 1700. The Register of Burials in Westminster Abbey, according to Col. Chester, has the following entry, under the date May 13, 1700: "Mr. John Dryden, near Chaucer's monument."

MAB. For personal history of Mother Shipton, and for all the nonsense ascribed to and written about her, see General Indexes, and especially that of Fourth Series. For varieties of cousinhood, see index to the same series.

WENSLEY D.-See "N. & Q.," 5th S. vii. 520, for title of book containing verbatim report of the De Polignac

trial.

D. L.-Miss, as a word of reproach, was in use long before Evelyn used it. In Henry VIII.'s reign a tippling priest was said to be as "drunk as a miss."

TRISTRAM.-The words of the song, "Hope told a flattering tale," are by Peter Pindar.

S. W. W.-Defoe's Robinson Crusoe was once attributed

by fanciful persons to Lord Oxford.

MR. WM. BUCHANAN offers his best thanks to HABENT SUA FATA LIBELLI for his communication. word in your query is illegible. ROBERT ARTHINGTON (Leeds.)-The only important

"He is able to give freshness to his chapters by faithfully recording the ideas and impressions of a cultivated observer.... Descriptive passages that are admirable in their way."-Daily News.

A