this bears on the speculations of geologists, ib.;
argument from earth's figure, 222; the Uniformi-
tarian hypothesis disproved, 222, 223; examina-
tion of Professor Huxley's Address, 223 seq.;
British popular geology, 225; Sir W. Thomson's
Reply, 226; periods required by Uniformitarians,
227; general survey of the subject, 228 seq.;
Thomson's three arguments, 228, 231; answer to
Huxley's charge of inconsistency, 231, 232; the
reasoning in Thomson's arguments strictly cu-
mulative, 232; triumph of scientific truth, 232, 233.
Germany, Reconstruction of, 133; the battle of
Sadowa, and its results, ib.; exceptional position
of Germany amongst her neighbours from the
first dawn of her history, 133, 134; the French
Revolution, 134; history of the Confederation
of the Rhine, 135; its contract with France,
ib.; the battle of Jena, ib.; the history of
Prussia between 1807 and 1813 the turning
point in the history of Germany, 135,136;
the war of liberation, ib.; Prussia and Aus-
tria, 136,137; Prussia at the Vienna Congress,
187; King Frederick-William III., 138; neither
freedom nor union for Germany gained at Vienna,
ib.; Baron von Stein, ib.; Act of the Germanic
Confederation, 139,-its distinctive character, ib.;
the Frankfort Diet, 139,140; policies of Austria
and Prussia subsequent to the Final Act of 1820,
140; Germany's political professors, 140,141; the
"Staatenbund," 141, and the "Bundesstaat," ib. ;
the discussions of 1848-49 in the Frankfort Par-
liament, 142; the crown of Germany offered to
the King of Prussia, but declined, 143,144; the
new Confederacy proposed by Prussia, 144; Aus-
tria summons the Diet to meet at Frankfort, ib.;
the subsequent conflict, 145, 146; the Italian war
gives the signal for the resuscitation of the Ger-
man question, 146; the campaign of 1859, 147;
the attitude of the several governments interested
in the solution of the German question, 147,148;
incidents of the political campaign between the
Great Germans and the Little Germans, 148, 149;
the programme of reform issued by the Wurz-
burg Coalition, 149; replies of Austria and Prus-
sia, 150; formation of the Bismarck ministry at
Berlin, 150,151, and the legacies bequeathed to
him by his predecessors, 151,152; the two lines
of policy taken up by him, 152; aspect of the con-
flict with the Würzburg Coalition at this time,
153; eventful conversation between Bismarck
and the Austrian Minister at Berlin, 153,154; in-
terview between the Emperor of Austria and the
King of Prussia, 154; a Congress of Sovereigns
proposed shortly afterwards by Austria, ib., de-
clined by Prussia, ib.; the Austrian programme,
155,156; reply of the Prussian cabinet, 157; in-
dependent action of the two great Powers, 158;
the controversy interrupted by the death of the
King of Denmark, ib.; subsequent events till the
battle of Sadowa, ib.; reconstructed Germany,
158,160; examination of the North German Con-
stitution, 162,166.

HAMILTON, Sir William,-Memoir of, 251; birth and
parentage, 252; early studies, 253; at Glasgow
and Oxford Universities, 253,254; intimate
friends, 254; Mr. Christie's Oxford reminiscences,
254,255; additional particulars by Mr. Traill, 255,
256; final examination for his degree at Oxford,
256; studies for the Scottish Bar, and passes as
advocate, ib.; adjudged heir-male to Sir Robert
Hamilton of Preston, ib.; the patrimonial estate,
ib.; notice of his ancestors, ib.; career at the Bar,
257; his merits unrecognised, 257,258; life in
Edinburgh, 1813 to 1820-anecdote of this period
given by Professor Baynes, 258,259; candidature

for the Moral Philosophy Chair in Edinburgh,
259; election to that of Civil History, ib.; his
marriage, and its influence on his character and
subsequent carcer, 259,260; researches in Phre-
nology, 260; Mr. Carlyle's reminiscences of him,
260,261; his first appearance as a critic, in 1829,
in Edinburgh Review, 261,262; subsequent con-
tributions to that Journal, 262; contest for the
Chair of Logic in 1836, 263,264; opening of the
class, 264; description of the class-room, 265;
sketch by Professor Baynes, 265,266; remini-
scences by Dr. Cairns, 266; work of the class,
266,267; courtesy to his students, and the gener-
al effect and value of his teaching, 267; influence
of his writings in America-passage from a pa-
per by Professor Porter, 268; his edition of
Reid's Works, ib.; honours conferred on him
from abroad, ib.; small recognition of his claims
in his own country, 269; struck by paralysis in
1844, ib.; the pension, 270; Sir William in his
latter days, 270,271; his edition of Dugald Stew-
art's Works, 271; unfinished literary labours,
271,272; last years, illness, and death, 272.
Holberg, Ludvig,--the father of modern Danish
literature, 233; no national literature before him,
233,234; parentage, 234; visit to Holland, ib.;
visits England, and studies at Oxford, 234,235;
returns to Copenhagen and lectures on his trav-
els, 235; publishes his first work, ib.; his visit to
Rome, and return to Copenhagen, where he is
appointed Professor of Latin and Rhetoric, 236;
period of literary activity, 236,237; his illness
and death, 237,238; his simple mode of life, 238;
distinctive features of his genius, ib. ; his desire to
found a national literature, 239; his strength as a
moralist, and his weakness, 239,240; his influence
on the language, 240,241; his three principal
works-"Peder Paars," 241; "Niels Klim,"
242, and the Comedies, 243; comparison between
Holberg and Molière, 244; translations, from one
of his comedies, "Erasmus Montanus," 244,249;
charges brought against his comedies, 249,250;
the "Epistles," 250; influence of his works on
the minds of his contemporaries, 250,251.
Hudson's Bay Company, The: origin, history,” and
present condition of the Red River Settlement, 83,
84; Sebastian Cabot-Henry Hudson-Prince Ru-
pert, 84; nature of the Company's title, 84, 85;
Parliament petitioned in 1690, by the traders, 85;
the Company's failure, 86; the first legislative in-
quiry into its affairs, ib. ; the North-West Fur Com-
pany, 87; rivalry and warfare between the Com-
panies, and their subsequent amalgamation, ib.;
the Charter of the Company denounced as illegal
-opinion of counsel as to its validity, ib.; Lord
Brougham's opinion, 88; Right Hon. Edward
Ellice, ib.; misgovernment of Red River Settle-
ment, and grievances of the settlers, 88, 89; the
Hudson's Bay dispute, 90; the Company's preten-
sions, ib.; the portion of territory styled the
Fertile Belt, ib.; the character of the country
misrepresented by the Company's officials, ib. seq.;
Sir George Simpson's paradox, 91; expeditions to
explore the country, 91, 92; route to the Rocky
Mountains, 92; testimony of the independent ex-
plorers, Lord Milton and Dr. Cheadle, ib.; change
of opinion indicated in the Company's last pros-
pectus, 93; the Company and the Stock-Ex-
change, ib.; agitation in the Dominion of Canada
as to the acquisition of the Company's territory,
94; Canadian forests, ib.; definition of the foot-
ing on which the Company was to stand in rela-
tion to the Dominion, 95; Mr. Gladstone's propo-
sitions, 95, 96; the "Rupert's Land Act, 1868,"
96; Colonial administration, 96, 97; desirability
of extinguishing the claims of the Company by

an immediate payment in cash, 97; our imperial
policy, 98; Canada as a field for emigration, ib.;
route to the East through the Dominion of Cana-
da, 99; importance of having this controversy
with the Hudson's Bay Company finally settled,
ib.; probable issue of its settlement, ib.

INDIA,-Public Works in: want of roads, 119; ap-
plication of the term "Public Works," 120; the
means available for work,-forced labour, ib.;
the idea of "Government" to a Hindu, ib.; com-
pulsory labour under the Mogul Shahs, 120, 121;
peculiar position of the British Government in
India, 121; its results-much writing, little work-
ing, ib.; difficulties and drawbacks to the opera-
tions of the Public Works department, 121, 122;
responsibilities of the officers, 122; their work,
122, 123; financial arrangements, 124; the
American blockade and the supply of cotton,
125; need of assistance for works in India, ib.;
inducements to lay out money in improving
India, 125, 126, staff of the Department, 126; engi-
neering Colleges, ib.; labour and labourers in India,
127; Major Chesney's "Indian Polity," 127, 128;
State versus private enterprise, 128; operations
connected with irrigation, ib.; road-making hin-
dered by the want of suitable materials, 129;
railways, tramways, and bridges, 130; the con-
tract system, ib.; what is necessary to make the
Public Works department really useful, 130, 131;
administration of the department, 131; conse-
quences of the minute system of supervision at
present exercised, 132; the question of Russian
invasion, ib.; importance and necessity of enlist-
ing on our side the interests and sympathies of
the people of India, 133.

Irish Church Measure, 300; Lord Salisbury on the
functions of the House of Lords, ib.; his advice
with regard to its present action, 301, 302; it is
more than a Senate, 302; the attainment of
equality between the confessions the present
problem, 303; policy of Gladstone and Bright, ib. ;
the Irish Church Bill and its object, 303, 304; its
character as passed by the House of Commons,
304, 305; examination of Mr. Disraeli's speech on
the second reading, 305, 306; the question of
endowments, 307, 308; position of the Church as
contemplated by the Bill, 309; arrangements for
the employment of the surplus, 310; Maynooth
and the Regium Donum, ib.; tithes, ib.; general
justice of the measure, 310, 311; present state of
Ireland, 311; effect of the large majorities in the
House on the great body of the people, 311, 312;
the new Irish Lord Chancellor, 312; to what are
the recent outrages in Ireland to be attributed?
313, 314; liberation of the Fenian prisoners, 315;
the banquet at Cork, 316; demonstrations against
the Bill in the North, ib.; amendments to be in-
troduced in the House of Lords, 317; generosity
and justice, 318.

LANDOR, Walter Savage,-Forster's biography of,
290; birth and parentage, 291, 292; his way-
wardness as a boy, 292; at Rugby school, 293;
his year at Oxford, 294; Dorothea Lyttleton, ib.;
becomes an author, 295; writes political articles
-visit to Paris, 295, 296; residence at Bath-
"Ianthe," 296; raid into Spain-purchase of
Llanthony, 296, 297; marriage with Julia Thuil-
lier, 297; settles at Florence till 1835, when he
returned to Bath, 297, 298; acquaintanceships
formed there-Forster, Dickens, Eliza Lynn, 298;
death at Florence, ib.; description of his person,
his love of children, 299; remarks on his

ib.;

genius, ib.
Lunacy, Increase of, 65; statistics of the asy-

lums in England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland,
ib.; nature and causes of the increase, ib.; the
numbers admitted into asylums during the last
ten years, 65, 66; discharges and admissions une-
qual 66, 67; private and pauper lunatics, ib. ; dif-
ferent classes of the discharged, 67, 68; the cura-
ble and incurable, 68; the question as to the
possibility of providing for some of the insane
poor otherwise than in asylums, with probable ben-
efit, 69, 70; the Report of the Scotch Commis-
sioners on this question, 70; desirability of pro-
viding for this class less pretentious buildings, 71;
the additions in constant demand in County and
District Asylums, 71, 72; remedies proposed: (1.)
transference to buildings intermediate in character
between work-houses and asylums, 73, 74; (2.)
transference to the workhouse, 74; condition of
the insane in workhouses, ib.-in England, 74,
75-in Scotland, ib.-and in Ireland, 76; (8.)
transference to private dwellings, ib.; state of
pauper lunatics so disposed of at present, in Eng-
land, 77— in Scotland, 78; seq.- and in Ireland,
79; results of the examination of the three propo-
sed outlets for the chronic insane in asylums, 79,
80; recent provisions of the law to keep down un-
due accumulation in establishments, 80, 81; oth-
er considerations affecting this question, 81; mad-
houses and asylums, ib.; reform in treatment of
the insane, 82; importance of early treatment of
the disease, ib.; the relations between mental
and bodily health, 83; importance of the whole
subject, ib.

MAN, Early History of; see Early.
Man's Chief End,-What is it? 100; Mr. Arnold on
"Culture and Anarchy," ib.; the ideal of culture
and its realization, 101; thesis to be proved,-
that culture prosecuted with a view to the entire
perfection of our manhood and the reflex glory of
God, is the one absolute and untransferable end of
human existence, ib.; what are the essentials of
human nature? 101, 102; "man's chief end" as
defined by the Westminster divines, 102, 103; the
educational schemes of so-called "practical men"
vitiated by a fundamental flaw, 103, 104; this
doctrine of culture not separative and exclusive,
but intensely social, 104; a well-educated mind
sympathizes with other departments of study than
those it is specially acquainted with, 105; ideal
of an educated life, 105, 106; the religious facul-
ty, 106, 107; the relation in which religious cul-
ture stands to human perfection, 107; operation
of the law of intellectual and moral habit, 108;
three results of recognising the ideal, as here de-
fined, 108, 109; can this ideal be realized? 109;
obstacles and objections, 110, 111; summary of
the laws of culture, 111, 112; Mr. Arnold's teach-
ing on this subject, 112; Hellenism and Hebraism,
113;
contrast between the two tendencies so de-
signated, 113, 114; Mr. Arnold's doctrine lays too
much stress on thought, and indefinitely postpones
action, 114; his anticipations of the future some-
what sad, 115; and why, ib.; his range of culture
unduly narrowed, 115, 116; his antagonism to
"machinery," 116; the austerity of his attitude
towards his own generation, 117; his classifica-
tion of British society, 118; "whence do we
come ?" "whither do we tend ?" 118, 119.
Milman's (Dean) "Annals of St. Paul's," 52; his
early life, and literary labours, 52, 53; careless
editing of the "Annals," 54; notices of early
Deans, ib.; and Bishops of London, 55; the hu
mour and urbanity of his writings, ib.; his style
compared with that of Gibbon, 56, 57; charac-
teristics of it, 57, 59; controversies in which he
was engaged, 59; his "History of the Jews," 59,

60; his "History of Christianity," and Dr. New-
man's review of it, 61, 62; his distaste for pure
dogma, and preference for the devotional over the
controversial, 62, 63; not chargeable with indif-
ference towards his order, or carelessness for the
religious truth he was pledged to teach, 63, 64.

REVOLUTIONS in the Queen's English; see English
language.

Robinson, Henry Crabb,- Diary and Correspon-
dence of, 189; his early life, and studies, 189,190;
visit to Germany, 191; interview with Goethe, 191,
192; residence at Frankfort, 192; matriculates
as a student at Jena, ib.; life at a German Uni-
versity seventy years ago, ib.; notable person-
ages whose acquaintance he made, 193; Madame
de Staël, ib.; death of Schiller, 194; narrow es-
cape from expulsion, ib.; Mrs. Barbauld, and
Charles Lamb, 195; narrow escapes from capture
on the Continent, ib.; becomes special corres-
pondent of the Times during the Spanish Revolu-
tion of 1808, ib. ; sketches of notable writers in
the Times, 196; legal studies, ib.; Coleridge as
a Lecturer, 197; anecdote of Lord Chancellor
Thurlow, ib.; Wordsworth's dogmatism, 198;
Robinson's opinion of Waverley, ib.; practice as
a barrister, ib.; Brougham and Queen Caroline,
199; notices of Carlyle, ib., and J. S. Mill, 200;
Walter Savage Landor, ib.; Emerson's Lectures,
ib.; old age, illness and death, 200, 201; the
author's character, 201; his connexion with the
Unitarians, ib.

Royal engineers, The: recent diffusion of the knowl-
edge of military matters, 1; power of the news-
paper, 1, 2; our military skill in modern cam-
paigns, 2; Lord Napier and the Abyssinian ex-
pedition, 3; present position of our artillerymen

and engineers, ib.;-is it a just one? 4; Lord
Napier invited to Chatham by the officers of the
Royal Engineers, ib.; the Royal Military Acade-
my at Chatham, 5; and the training received
there, ib.; occupations of the corps in the time
of peace, ib.; their work on service, 6-siege of
Delhi, 6, 7; Sir Hugh Rose at Jhansi, escalading,
7, 8; disabilities of Engineers, and the unjust
treatment they have received, 8; instances of
services rendered by them in the field, 9; lessons
to be 'gathered from the last struggle between
Austria and Prussia, 10; necessity of army re-
form,-sale of commissions, ib.; social position
of officers,-cost of a cadet at Chatham, ib.; in-
justice of excluding ordinance officers from com-
mands, ib.

Russian Literature; see Turguenief.

TURGUENIEF'S Novels: literature in Russia, 12;
Turguenief's characteristics as a writer of fiction,
13; serfdom as depicted in "A Sportsman's
Notes," 13, 14, seq.; illustrations of the dealings
of proprietors with their serfs, 14, 17; manners
and customs of the peasantry in their relations to
each other, 17, 18; his descriptions of scenery,
19; stories illustrating various phases of Russian
society-"Moomoo," 19, 20-"The Tavern,”
20, 21; pictures of the higher ranks of society
--"Faust," 21, 22; special merits of his nove-
lettes, 22, 23; "The Diary of a Superfluous Man,"
23, 24; plot of "Lisa," 24, 27; the new school
of Radicals as depicted in "Fathers and Children,"
27, 31-Nihilism in Russia, 28, 31; the novel
entitled "Smoke," holding up to ridicule the pa-
triotic party who have no need of Western cul-
ture, 31, 34; Turguenief's other writings, 34.

ART. 1-1. The Royal Engineer. By SIR |
FRANCIS B. HEAD. 8vo. London, 1869.
2. Professional Papers of the Royal Engineers.
London.

Ir the art of war has made no marked progress of late years among those of us who are soldiers by profession, it is certain that a considerable knowledge of military matters has recently been diffused through our community at large. Armies-their organization and their evolutions are subjects which, little more than a dozen years ago, were surrounded with a halo of mystery penetrable by none but men bearing arms.

Few of those who held Her Majesty's commission ventured to express an opinion on such matters. The only literature in which they were noticed consisted of one or two periodicals whose circulation was limited to mess-rooms and military clubs.

But this state of things has disappeared. Along with the troops who undertook the invasion of the Crimea, there were a few Englishmen in no way trained in the avocations of fighting, but who not the less managed to furnish our newspapers with descriptions of every phase of that expedition; and this they did in terms so accurate and so graphic as to lead their readers to the conclusion that, after all, military affairs might prove capable of being understood by any man of ordinary education and intelligence.

Even the technical phraseology of warfare came by degrees to be appreciated by men who hitherto had shrunk from approaching what seemed to them an insurmountable obstacle to researches in this field. Its terms were soon discovered to be neither numerous nor hard of comprehension. Long before N-1

VOL. L.

Sebastopol had fallen most of us had mastered this little formidable vocabulary by no more difficult process than the perusal of our morning papers.

And while this sort of knowledge was being spread over England, there arose on all sides an increased interest in things military, which, under the influence of the Volunteer movement, eventually took a permanent place in our feelings.

Our soldiers, their equipments and their manoeuvres, are now topics of daily talk, and are made subject to as free a criticism as any other matter which our journalists think fit to select for censure or approval.

In each modern campaign reporters for the Press accompany the combatants. The Special Correspondent is now an essential member of each well-constituted journalistic staff, and is held in readiness to be despatched on a very short notice to any theatre of war which may offer an opportu nity for his pen. The importance of his duties has come to be recognized even by those who long looked upon him as a mischievous interloper in camps. No general officer meets with more attention than is now lavished on this news-writer by every prudent man of the force to which he is accredited. From the confidential documents of the chief of the staff to a seat at the mess-table of any regiment or battery that may be present-everything is pressed ardently on his acceptance.

The influence he is capable of exerting on the highest dignitaries of the army is great, so great at times as to lead to inconvenience, and even to acts of doubtful justice.

His widely-published dicta coming fresh from a field of battle are apt to produce on the minds of his readers an effect not to be