HADDAN (A. W.); see Councils. Hallahan, Life of Mother Margaret Mary, by her Religious Children, 301. Hamilton, Sir William, 38 et seq. Hardy (Sir T. Duffus), Syllabus of Rymer's Hiatus: The void in Modern Education, its Honegger (J. J.), Grundsteine einer allgemeinen Kulturgeschichte der neuesten Zeit, vols. i. and ii., 299. Hovedene, Roger de, 277. Hüffer (K.), Die Politik der Deutschen Mächte im Revolutionskriege, 136. Humboldt, Alex. von, 300. Hungary, and its political history, 73 et seq. Hymans (L.), Histoire politique et parlementaire de la Belgique de 1814-1830, vol i., 296. ICELANDIC-ENGLISH Dictionary, chiefly founded on the Collections made from Prose Works of 12th-14th Centuries. By the late Richard Cleasby. Enlarged and completed by Gud. brand Vigfusson. Part I., 314. Immortality, Lectures on, by J. J. S. Perowne, 156. Ireland, Literature of the Land question in, 92104; the literature of Ireland, 92; early indications in it of the land-grievance, 92-93 ; causes alleged for discontent, 93; county of Donegal as divided among the planters on Sir John Davis's scheme after the flight of the Earl of Tyrconnell, ib.; Anglo-Irish and native Irish oppression, 94; coigne and livery, ib.; "Irish exactions," 94, 95; similar exactions, recently or still existing, chargeable against the plantation scheme, 95; entries in Pynnar's survey, ib.; the "rundale" system, 96; Lord George Hill and his efforts to improve the condition of his tenantry, 96, 97; Mr. Coulter and Mr. Holland, two recent writers, quoted on tenants' grievances, 97, 98; objectionable clauses in leases as noticed by John M'Evoy in the Statistical Survey of Tyrone in 1802, 99; landlords and tenants as depicted by Mr. Allingham in his poem, Lawrence Bloomfield, 100; poverty and rack-renting, ib.; the Ulster custom of tenant-right, 101; land literature in reference to county Kerry, ib.; tenantry on the Kenmare estateabsolutism of the agent, ib.; serious cases of oppression, 102; arbitrary regulations on the estate of Cahirciveen, 103; "uncertain rents and fines, ib.; case showing why the granting of leases is not always welcome, ib.; the complaints in every province essentially identical, 104. Irish Land Tenures (History of), 227-250; the land question can be understood only by a careful study of Irish history, 228; different grades of people recognized in the ancient laws, 228, 229; O'Curry's lectures, 229; land-nobles and the cultivators of land, 229, 230; the Bothachs, the Sencleithe, and the Fuidirs, 230; influence of the colonies that entered Ireland from Britain, ib.; extension of Magna Charta to Ireland, 231; the first case of collision between landlord and tenant, ib.; the first agrarian outrage, 232; the Statute of Kilkenny, ib.; this period an inauspicious one for the cultivators, 233; Jack Cade, ib.; the English Pale, ib., 233, 237; Henry VIII. acknowledged sovereign, 234; the "Composi tion" of Connaught, 234, 235; the Plantation of Munster, 236; state of the interior of the | country described at this time by Robert Paine, 236, 237; essential points of the Plantation scheme, 239; the undertakers, 240; did English settlers contribute anything to the formation of what is now known as the Ulster custom? 241; land-customs carried to Ireland by the English tenantry, ib.; Thomas Blenerhassett cited, 242; the Plantation schemes intended to exclude tenants-at-will, 243; origin of the Ulster custom, 244-246; the Irish rebellion of 1641, 247; the change effected, and the princi ples established, by the Cromwellian settlement, 247, 248; important Acts in the reign of William III., 249, and their results, 250; the Octennial Bill of 1768, ib.; subsequent legis lative enactments, ib. JAFFE (P.), Bibliotheca Rerum Germanicarum, tom. v., 118. Jobez (A.), La France sous Louis XV., tome v., 133. Johnson (S. W.), How Crops Grow; revised, with numerous Additions, and adapted to English use, by A. H. Church and W. T. T. Dyer, 159. Joyce (P. W.), Origin and History of Irish Names of Places, 111. Juventus Mundi, 1-16; Edward Gibbon, 1; Gladstone's place in literature, ib; his picture of Homeric life, 2; episode of the five ages, ib.; his claims on behalf of his author, 2, 3; his speculations on Greek ethnology, 6–8; the title "Lord of men," 8; Minos and Aiolos, 9; Greeks and Orientals, 9, 10; the Homeric Pantheon, 10 et seq.; Aphrodite and Hephaistos, ib.; Apollo and Athene, 11, 12; Mr. Gladstone's treatment of the theomachy, 12, 13; Pelasgic and Hellenic deities, 13; theory regarding Poseidon, 13, 14; general account of the Olympian system, 14; the chapters on Homeric ethics and polity, 15; analysis of the characters, ib. ; analysis of the contents of the poems in contemplation, 16. KEBLE (Rev. J.), Miscellaneous Poems, reviewed, 150. Keinz (F.), Indiculus Arnonis, und Breves Noti tiæ Salzburgenses, 274. Ketschendorf (M. de), Recueil complet des dis cussions législatives et des débats résultant des grands procès politiques jugés en France de 1792 à 1840, 294. Klippel (G. H.), Das Leben des" Generals von Scharnhorst, nach grösstentheils bisher unbenutzten Quellen dargestellt, vol. i. ii., 295 Köpke (Rudolf), Ottonische Studien zur deutschen Geschichte im zehnten Jahrhundert, (II. Hrotsuit von Gandersheim), 275. Krenkel (Max), Paulus der Apostel der Heiden, 270. LACROIX (Paul), Les Arts au Moyen Age et à l'Epoque de la Renaissance, 311. Ladenburg (Dr. A.), Vorträge über die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Chemie in den letzten Hundert Jahren, 318. Lavollée (R.), Portalis, sa Vie et ses Œuvres, 295. Lee (W.), Life and Newly Discovered Writings of Daniel De Foe, 131. Lefébure (E.), Traduction comparée des Hymnes au Soleil composant le XV chapitre du Rituel Funéraire Egyptien, 107. Leroy-Beaulieu (Paul), Recherches économiques, historiques et statistiques sur les guerres contemporaines (1853-1866), 304. L'Estrange (Rev. A. G.), The Life of Mary Russell Mitford, related in a Selection from her Letters Liverpool, Lord (Robert Banks), 139. Longman (W.), The History of the Life and Times Luard (H. R.), Annales Monastici, vols. iv. and v., Lubbock (Sir J.), Pre-Historic Times, as illustrat- Luce (S.), Chroniques de J. Froissart, vol. i., 280. MACCOLL (N.), The Greek Sceptics from Pyrrho Maclaren (Charles), Select Writings, Political, Martin (Th. H.), Les Sciences et la Philosophie. 313. Martineau (J.), Essays, Philosophical and Theo- Maspero (G.), Translation of Hymne au Nil, 108. news in foreign countries, 24; Charles seeks Mayor (J. E. B.), Ricardi de Cirencestriâ Spe- Mendelssohn (Prof.), Der Rastatter Gesandten- Mercator, Gérard, 285. Merivale (C.), Homer's Iliad in English Rhymed Meynard (C. Barbier de), Maçoudi: Les Prairies Micé (Prof.), Rapport Méthodique sur les Progrès Mill, J. S., 38 et seq. Mississippi valley, physical geography of, 319. Müller, Professor Max, 10 et seq. NETELER (B.), Die Gliederung des Buches Isaias Newman (Edward), An Illustrated Natural Nineveh literature and libraries, 165-168. Owen, Robert, the Founder of Socialism in Eng- PASINI (L.), Dispacci di Giovanni Michiel, 284. Perowne (J. J. S.), Immortality: the Hulsean Perrens (F. P.), Les Mariages Espagnols, (1602- | Pertz (G. H.), Monumenta Germaniæ historica Peter (Carl), Geschichte Roms, vol. iii. pt. 2, 115. Pope (The) and the Council, 67-72; parties in the Pottier (André), Histoire de la faïence de Rouen, Prévost-Paradol (M.), France, 305. Prussia, Decentralization in; see France and RAEMDONCK (Dr. T. van), Gérard Mercator, sa Ranke (L. von), Zur Deutschen Geschichte vom Ranke (L. von), Geschichte Wallensteins, 287. Renan (Ernest), Saint Paul, 114. Renouf (P. Le Page), The Case of Pope Honorius Riehl (W. H.), Wanderbuch, 307. Riley (H. T.), Gesta Abbatum Monasterii S. Ritt (Olivier), Histoire de l'Isthme de Suez, 304, Rossini, Life of, by H. S. Edwards, 142. Rozière (E. de), Liber Diurnus ou Recueil des Rymer's Fœdera, 289. SAINTE-BEUVE (C. A.), eleventh vol., 309. Sandars (W. C.), Poems of Ludwig Uhland trans- Schelling's Leben in Briefen, edited by Prof. Schirren (C.), Livländische Antwort an Herrn Sclopis (Fred.), Le Cardinal Jean Morone, 284. Secession, war of, in America, 144. Simcox (G. A.), Poems and Romances, 150. Spedding (James), The Letters and Life of Fran- Strehlke (E.), Tabulæ Ordinis Theutonici, 278. Swift, 169-188; estimate which has been formed Synesius, the rhetorician, and Bishop of Apollo- TAINE (H.), Philosophie de l'Art dans les Pays Teissier (O.), Histoire de Toulon au Moyen Age, Theiner (Aug.), Histoire des deux Concordats, Thirlwall, Dr., 6. Tory Party (Repentance of the), 251-267; Tory Typical Selections from the best English Authors, Volkmann (Dr. R.), Synesius von Cyrene, 272. UHLAND, LUDWIG, 153. Ulster custom of tenant-right, 101, 241, 244– United States, Democracy in the, by R. H. Gillett, VARNHAGEN VON ENSE (K. A.), Blätter aus der Vesuvius, 159. Vosmaer (C.), Rembrandt, sa Vie et ses Œuvres, | WATTENBACH (W.), Eine Ferienreise nach Span- Williams (F.), Memoirs and Correspondence of Wright (Dr.), The Homilies of Aphraates the Vivenot (Dr.), Thugut, Clerfayt, und Wurmser, YONGE (C. D.), The Life and Administration of Robert Banks, second Earl of Liverpool, 139. THE NORTH BRITISH REVIEW. NO. CI. OCTOBER, 1869. ART. I.-JUVENTUS MUNDI.* much more serious sense than Gibbon was a man of affairs. He carries into literature the whole of his purely intellectual faculties. All the intellectual graces of his greatest speeches are reproduced in his Studies on details interesting, of making subtlety clear, of making paradoxes all but self-evident. And all this splendid activity is entirely disinterested, in a way in which the works of professed scholars often are not. Mr. Gladstone loves Homer for his own sake: Mr. Grote loves Athens because she was a witness against the policy of the Holy Alliance. It is unfortunate, but perhaps it is inevitable, that intellectual sympathies so keen and so delicate should be somewhat exclusive, and, it must be added, capricious, in their object. A man who cared less for one department of scholarship, and who had done less for his favourite department, would have found it easier to accept at second GIBBON thought it worth while to record his belief that his experience in the Hampshire militia was a qualification for narrating the campaigns of Roman armies, and to sug-Homer; there is the same power of making gest that his political life as a silent member of Lord North's party qualified him to appreciate the spirit of Roman administration, and to unfold the intrigues of the city and the palace which determined the fate of the Empire. Compared with Tillemont, Gibbon was a man of action: compared with Tacitus, he was a man of letters. Tacitus had lived at the centre of public life: Gibbon had only set one foot within the circle. Tacitus has faults which Gibbon escapes, and merits which he does not reach; and both are due to his training as a great official. He despised the Jews as an administrator too much to read the Septuagint; and accordingly he disfigured the fifth book of his Histories with the malevolent and in-hand the results to which the general movecoherent fables of their neighbours. But only a statesman could have written his account of the fall of Galba, or of the collapse of the imposing power of Vitellius. Even writers so far inferior to Gibbon as Mr. Helps and Mr. Finlay show us that they have seen events close: their narrative is less impressive and less masterly, but it is casier to realize. Gibbon's generalizations are always firm and clear and accurate; but it is impossible to penetrate behind them to the facts. For the author had generalized from books, and not from life. Mr. Gladstone is a man of letters in a *Juventus Mundi. The Gods and Men of the VOL. LI. ment of scholarship tends; and the results which he himself reached would have been more readily admitted, and would have advanced knowledge more, when they were offered, not as a substitute, but as a supple ment, to the investigations of other scholar There were at one time people wif imagined that, in politics, Mr. Gladstot was destined to be the ornament of a lon cause: in literature, he is the ornament our decaying school. He carries us back t did days when Keble discussed, in his delicrete Prælectiones Academica, what Homer .tuted have thought of the Whigs. In ppendMundi we do not find the same anintendcondemn the author's enemies by e refers tence of his favourite. Instead oforical to English statesmen to the bar of Jin terms |