procurators, officers fent by the emperors to receive and difpofe of the public revenue. It was divided into two provinces, about the time of Dioclefian and Conftantine, viz.

1. NORICUM MEDITERRANEUM, extending towards the Alps; and,

2. NORICUM RIPENSE, running along the S. fide of the Danube. How far each of these extended in breadth does not appear; all the account we have of the matter being from Sextus Rufus, and the Notitia Imperii Occidentalis. This country was anciently famous for its ron and steel, (Horace); as that part of it now called STIRIA, till is. The climate is cold and more sparingly fruitful. Solinus.

NORIE, a town of Sweden, in Schonen.

ming 8 little arms. This wheel is hear the centre of the horse walk, contiguous to the vertical axis, into the top of which the horse-beam is fixed; but near the bottom it is embraced by 4 little beams, forming 8 arms fimilar to those above defcribed, on the axis of the water wheel. As the mule which they ufe goes round, these horizontal. arms, fupplying the place of cogs, take hold, each in fucceffion, of those arms which are fixed on the axis of the water wheel, and keep it in rotation. This machine, than which nothing can be cheaper, throws up a great quantity of water; yet it has two defects: the firft is, that part of the water runs out of the buckets and falls back into the well after it has been raised nearly to the level of the reservoir: the ad, that a confiderable proportion of the water to be discharged is raifed higher than the refervoir, and falls into it only at the moment when the bucket is at the higheft point of the circle, and ready to defcend. Both thefe defects might be remedied with eafe, by leaving thefe fquare buckets open at one end, making them fwing on a pivot fixed a little above their centre of gravity, and placing the trough of the refervoir in fuch a pofition as to stop their progrefs whilft perpendicular; make them turn upon their pivot, and so discharge their contents. From the refervoir the water is conveyed by channels to every part of the garden; thefe have divifions and fubdivifions or beds, fome large, others very small, feparated from each other by little channels, into which a boy with his fhovel or hoe directs the water, firft into the most diftant trenches, and fucceffively to all the reft, till all the beds and trenches have been either covered or filled with water. Mr Townsend, who gives the above account, thinks it is an invention of the moft remote antiquity. By means of it the inhabitants every morning draw as much water from the well as will ferve through the day, and in the evening diftribute it to every quarter according to the nature of their crops. The refervoirs into which they raife the water are about 20, 30, or 40 feet square, and 3 feet high above the furface of the ground, with a ftone cope on the wall, declining to the water, for the women to wash and beat their cloths upon. A particular noria is ufed at Barcelona, which Mr Townsend conceives to be the original chain-pump. He compares it with fimilar inftruments, and shows its advantages and difadvantages.

NORICI, an ancient nation of Illyricum, who inhabited Noricum, and were governed by kings who made many incurfions upon the Romans; but at laft in the reign of Auguftus, joining the Pannonii, were conquered by Tiberius. Dio Paterculus. (1.) NORICUM CASTRUM. See NUREMBERG. (II) NORICUM, a Roman province, defcribed by Ptolemy and Tacitus, fituated between the Danube on the N. and thus feparated from ancient Germany; the Alpes Norica on the S. the river Enus on the W. which feparates it from Vindelica; and Mons Cetius on the E. which divides it from Pannonia; now containing a great part of Auftria, all Saltzburg, Stiria, and Carinthia. It was anciently a kingdom under its own kings. (Cafar, Velleius, Suetonius.) Tacitus reckons it among those provinces which were governed by

(1.) NORIN, a river which rifes in a corner of the late Venetian confines, runs between the rugged marble hills, and is left entirely to itself from its fource; hence a vast tract of laud is overflowed by it, and encumbered with reeds, willows, and wild elders. A fmall space of ground only remains dry between the roots of the hills and the marsh at a place called Prud, and that is all covered with pieces of ancient hewn ftones, fragments of infcriptions, columns, and capitals and baf-reliefs of the beft age, worn and deformed by time, and the barbarism of the northern people, who began on that fide to deftroy Narona. (See NARONA). The inhabitants, who go often to cut reeds in the marth, affert, that the veftiges of that large city may ftill be feen under water. It appears to have been extended over the plain a great way, and undoubtedly it was 3 miles long at the foot of the hills. The. ancient road is now under water; and it is neceffary to afcend a very steep road, to pafs the point of a craggy hill, on which probably, before the Roman times, thofe fortifications were erected that cost Vetinius so much labour.

2. NORIN, a river of Scotland, in Forfarfhire, which rifes in the Grampians, and falls into the S. Elk in Carefton parish.

NORING, a town of Germany, in Austria. (1.) NORIS, Alexander, a native of Ireland, defcended from Jafon or James de Noris, a prefidenf of the order of St Auguftin. He wrote a celebrated Hiftory of Germany.

(2.) NORIS, Henry, cardinal, fon of the preceding, was a great ornament of the order of the monks of St Auguftine, and was born at Verona in 1631. He was carefully educated by his father and difcovered from his infancy an excellent underftanding and a quick apprehenfion. His father inftructed him in grammar, and procured an able profeffor of Verona, called Moffoleim, to be his preceptor. At 15 he was admitted in the Jefuits college at Rimini, where he ftudied philofophy; after which he applied himself to the writings of St Auguftine: and taking the habit in the convent of Rimini, he foon diftinguished himfelf by his erudition; infomuch, that as foon as he was out of his noviciate, the general of the order fent for him to Rome to give him an opportunity of improving himfelf. He spent whole days and nights in the library of the Angeliques of St Auguftine; and ftuck to his books 14 hours a-day till he became a cardinal. Thus

he

I. NOROY L'ARCHEVEQUE, in the dep. of, Upper Saone, 6 miles E. of Vefoul, and 9 SW. of Lure.

2. NOROY LE SEC, in the dep. of Mofelle, 6 miles W. of Briey, and 15 SW. of Thionville.

NORRIDGEWALK, or a town of the UnitNORRIDGE WORK, ed States, in Maine, in Lincoln county, on the Kennebeck; so named from an Indian town on the Kennebeck, which. was deftroyed by Col. Harman in 1724. It lies 10 miles W. of Canaan, 239 N. by E. of Bofton, and 587 NE. of Philadelphia.

NORRIESTOWN, a village of Perthshire, in the parish of Kincardine, joined to that of THORNHILL, on a rifing ground on both fides of the road between Stirling and the fort of Innerfnaid, in Dunbartonshire. The population of both in 1792 was 626.

(1.) NORRIS, John, a learned English divine and Platonic philofopher, born in 1657 at Collingborne-Kingston, in Wilts, of which his father Mr John Norris was then minifter. He was bred first at Winchester school, afterwards at Exéter college, Oxford, where he was admitted in 1676; but was elected fellow of All Souls in 1680, and took the degree of A. B. He refided at his college, and had been in holy orders five years, when he was prefented to the rectory of Newton St Loe, in Somersetshire, 1689; upon which he married and refigned his fellowship. In 1691, his merit procured him the rectory of Bemerton, near Sarum, a living upwards of 200l. a year. He died in 1711, in his 55th year, at Bemerton.

(2.) NORRIS, or NORIS. See NORIS. (3.) NORRIS, a town of Ireland, in Armagh. NORRISTOWN, a town of Pennsylvania, capital of Montgomery county, feated on the N. bank of the Schuylkill; 20 miles NW. by N. of Philadelphia, It has a court-house, a handfome edifice of stone for the preservation of records, and an observatory; where the celebrated American philofopher Dr Rittenhouse lies interred near his old manfion house. (See RITTEN HOUSE.) Lon. 75. 24. W. Lat. 40. 7. N.

NORROY KING AT ARMS. See KING, iii. His office is to marshal and difpofe the funerals of all the inferior nobility, as baronets, knights, efquires, and gentlemen, on the north fide of the Trent.

NORRYS, a town of the Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina.

NORS, a river of Sweden, in W. Gothland, which runs into Lake Wenner, 4 miles NE. of Galftra.

NORSE LANGUAGE, the language of the Norwegians.

NORSOE, a lake of Norway. See NORWAY, No 1. 9.

(1.) NORT, a town of France, in the dep. of the Lower Loire; 15 miles N. of Nantes.

(2.) NORT, an island of Ruffia, in the Gulf of Finland; 44 miles W. of Revel.

NORTELGA, or a fea port town of Sweden, NORTELGE, Sin Upland, built by Guftavus Adolphus, in 1622. It was ravaged by the Ruffians in 1719. It has a manufacture of firearms. It is 30 miles NE. of Stockholm. Lon. 10. 32. E. Lat. 59. 44. N.

NORTGAU, or NORDGAW. See BAVARIA, § 6. (r.)* NORTH. n. f. [north, Sax.] The point oppofite to the fun in the meridian.

More unconftant than the wind; who woes Ev'n now the frozen bofom of the north; And being anger'd puffs away from thence, Turning his face to the dew dropping fouth. Shak.

The tyrannous breathing of the north Shakes all our buds from blowing. Shak. Cymb. Fierce Boreas iffues forth

T'invade the frozen waggon of the north. Dryd. (2.) The NORTH is one of the four cardinal points of the world.

*

(3.) NORTH. adj. Northern; being in the north. This fhall be your north border from the great fea to mount Hor. Num. xxxiv. 7.

(4.) NORTH, Dudley, lord, of the 3d baron of that accomplished family, was one of the finest gentlemen in the court of king James; but in supporting that character, diffipated and gamed away the greateft part of his fortune. In 1645, he appears to have acted with the parliament: and was nominated by them to be adminiftrator of the admiralty, in conjunction with the great earls of Northumberland, Effex, Warwick, and others. He lived to the age of 85; the latter part of which he paffed in retirement, and wrote a fmall folio of Mifcellanies, in profe and verse, under this title, A Foreft promiscuous of feveral Seafons Productions: in 4 parts, 1659.

(5.) NORTH, Dudley, lord, fon of the former, was made knight of the bath in 1616, at the creation of Charles prince of Wales; and fat in many parliaments, till excluded by the prevailing party in that which condemned the king. From that period lord North lived privately in the country, and towards the end of his life entertained himfelf with books, and, as his numerous iffue required, with economy; on which he wrote a little tract, called Obfervations and advices economical, 12mo. His other works are, Paffages relating to the long parliament; The hiftory of the life of Lord Edward North, the firft baron of the family, addreffed to his eldeft fon; and a volume of Effays.

(6.) NORTH, Francis, lord Guildford, lord keeper of the great feal in the reigns of Charles II. and James II. was a third fon of the 2d Dudley lord North, baron of Kertling; and studied at St John's college in Cambridge, whence he removed to the Middle Temple. He acquired French, Italian, Spanish, and Dutch; and became not only a good lawyer, but was well verfed in hiftory, mathematics, philofophy, and mufic. He was afterwards made the king's folicitor general, and was chofen to reprefent the borough of Lynn in parliament. He fucceeded Sir Hineage Finch in the poft of attorney-general; and lord chief justice Vaughan, in that of lord chief justice of the common pleas. He was afterwards made keeper of the great feal; and in 1683 was created a baron, by the title of Lord Guildford. He died at his houfe at Wroxton in 1685. He wrote a philofophical Effay on mufic; a paper on the gravitation of fluids, confidered in the bladders of fishes, printed in Lowthorp's abridgment of the Philof. Tranf, and fome other pieces. (7.) NORTH

(7.) NORTH, Frederick, E. of Guildford, lord North, &c. was born April 13. 1732; and married, May 20- 1756, Mifs Ann Speke, an heirefs of the ancient family of Dillington in Somersetfaire, by whom he left two fons and three daughters: the eldeft fon George Auguftus, born Sept. 11. 1757, and married, Sept. 30. 1785, to Mifs Hobart. Frederick fucceeded his father Aug. 4. 1790. His lordship fucceeded the celebrated Mr Charles Townsend as manager of the house of commons and chancellor of the exchequer; and in 1770, on the refignation of the duke of Grafton, was made firft lord of the treasury; in which office he continued until the clofe of the American war, or rather until the formation of the Rockingham miniftry, which began the bufinefs of peace with the colonies He was a man of ftrong mental faculties; and as an orator, at once commanded attention and enforced conviction; but taking the helm at a time when the king's party were unpopular, and when it was fuppofed that the earl of Bute was the great machine by which the cabinet was moved, fo he continued in that ftate of unpopularity until he refigned the feals. During the whole of his premierfhip (and to conduct the helm at that time required uncommonly great abilities) he ftudioufly avoided impofing any taxes that fhould materially affect the lower clafs of people. As a financier, he ftood high, even in the opinion of oppofition; and they were a combination of all the great talents in the kingdom: but he was fatally wedded to the deftructive plan of fubduing the republican spirit of the Americans. His lordship was one of the firmest and most ftrenuous supporters of the constitution in church and state. He died on the 5th of Auguft 1792. His recollection he retained to his laft moments. Perhaps no man was ever more generally beloved by all who had access to him than the earl of Guildford. The university of Oxford paid the utmost honour to his remains.

(8.) NORTH, George, F. A. S. a learned divine and antiquarian, born in London, in 1707, and educated at St Pauls fchool; whence he went to Bennet's college, Cambridge, where he became A. M. In 1731, he published An Answer to a fcandalous Libel, entitled The Impertinence and Im pofture of modern Antiquaries difplayed. This recommended him to the Society of Antiquaries, who admited him a member, and he was foon after appointed vicar of Cadicot, in Herefordshire, where he died June 27th, 1772, aged 65. He pub. lished A Table of English filver coins from the Conqueft to the Commonwealth, with remarks.

(9.) NORTH, John, D. D. the 4th fon of the ad Dudley lord North, (N° 5.) and brother to Lord Francis, (N° 6.) was born Sept. 4th, 1645. He ftudied grammer at St Edmund's bury, and was admitted of Jefus College, Cambridge, in 1661; where he became confpicuous for his learning in the Greek and Hebrew languages. Having taken his degrees of A. M. and D. D. and been admitted fellow of his college, he took orders, and preached his first public fermon before K. Charles II. at Newmarket, which was printed at Cambridge in 1671. In 1672 he was chofen profeffor of Greek at Cambridge. He was made Clerk of the Clofet to the king, and inftalled a prebendary

at Westminster; and on Dr Barrow's death fucceeded him as Mafter of Trinity College. He died in 1683, aged 38.

(10.) NORTH, in geography, a department of France, comprehending the ci-devant provinces of FRENCH FLANDERS, FRENCH HAINAULT and CAMBRESIS. It is bounded on the N. by the German Ocean, NE. by the dep. of the Lys; E. by thofe of the Gemappes, and the Sambre and Meufe; S. by that of the Aifne; and W. by that of the Straits of Calais. It is 90 miles long from NW. to SE. and from 12 to 24 broad; though in one part of the district of Lille, at Armentieres, near that of Hazebrouck, it is hardly 2 miles broad. DOUAY is the capital.

(11.) NORTH, a river of Massachusetts, which flows from Indian Head pond, in Plymouth county, and falls into the Atlantic at Scituate. It is remarkable for narrowness and depth, being in feveral places not 60 feet broad, yet fo deep that veffels of 300 tons burden are built at Pembroke, 8 miles above its mouth.

(12.) NORTH, a river of N. Carolina, which rifes in Pafquotank county, and running several miles SE. falls into the Albemarle Sound.

To NORTH, v. n. To fail Northward. See NAVIGATION.

NORTHADSTEDE, a town of Holstein, 8 miles NE. of Meldorp.

NORTHALBEN, a town of Franconia, in

Bamberg.

NORTHALLERTON, a borough of Yorkfhire, in the North Riding, on a rivulet which runs into the Wifk. It is a well built trading town, and has a market on Wed. It is 30 miles NNW. of York, 34 S. of Durham, and 223 N. by W. of London. Lon. 1. 20. W. Lat. 54. 23. N. NORTH AMERICA. See AMERICA, § 9-14; 15—54. MEXICO, N° 1.-7; and UNITEDSTATES.

NORTHAMPSTEAD, a town of New York, in Long Island, capital of Queen's county, 20 miles E. of Brooklyn.

(1.) NORTHAMPTON, or NORTHAMPTONSHIRE, a county of England, fituated in the very heart of the kingdom: bounded on the E. by the counties of Bedford and Huntingdon; on the S. by thofe of Buckingham and Oxford; on the W. by Warwickshire; and on the N. by the counties of Leicefter, Rutland, and Lincoln, which are feparated from it by the Leffer Avon, and the Welland. Its greatest length is about 50 miles, its greatest breadth about 20, and its circumfe rence about 130. It contains 330 parishes. There are in it one city and 11 market towns. Nine members are returned to parliament for this county, viz. two knights for the fhire, two for the city of Peterborough, two for each of the towns of Northampton and Brockly, and one for Higham Ferrers. It lies in the Mid-land circuit, and in the diocefe of Peterborough. Being dry, well cultivated, free from marthes, except the fens about Peterborough, in the centre of the kingdom, and of courfe at a diftance from the fea, it enjoys a very pure and wholesome air. In confequence of this it is very populous, and so full of towns and churches, that many fpires or fteeples may be seen in many places, at one view; and even in the fens,

the

the inhabitants feem to enjoy a good state of health, and to be little affected by the water which frequently overflows their grounds, efpecially in win ter, but is never fuffered to remain long upon it. Its foil is exceeding fertile both in corn and pafturage; but it labours under a scarcity of fuel, as it doth not produce much wood, and, by lying at a diftance from the fea, cannot be cafily fupplied with coal. Its commodities, befides corn, are sheep, wool, black cattle, and falt-petre; and its manufactures are ferges, tammies, thalloons, boots, and shoes. Befides many leffer brooks and ftreams, it is well watered by the Nen, Welland, Oufe, and Leam; the three firft of which are large, and for the most part navigable. By the general cenfus taken in June, 1801, this county contained 26,585 houfes; 63,276 males, and 68,154 females; in all 131,430 fouls.

(2.) NORTHAMPTON, a town of England, capital of the above county. According to Camden, it was formerly called NORTH-AFANDON, from its fituation to the N. of the river Nen, called anciently Aufona, by which and another leffer river it is almoft inclofed. Dr Gibfon fays, that the ancient Saxon annals called both it and Southampton fimply Hamton; and afterwards, to diftinguifh them, called the one, from its fituation, Southamton, and the other Northamton; but never North-afandon. Though it does not appear to be a place of very great antiquity, nor to have emerged from obfcurity till after the conqueft, it has fent members to Parliament fince the reign of Edward I. and being in the heart of the kingdom feveral parliaments have been held at it. There was alfo a caftle, and a church dedicated to St Andrew, built by Simon de Sancto Licio, commonly called Senlix, the firft earl of Northampton of that name. It was burnt down during the Danish depredations; but in the reign of St Edward it appears to have been a confiderable place. It was befieged by the barons in their war with King John; at which time that military work called Hunfhill, is fupposed to have been raised. In the time of Henry III. it fided with the barons, when it was befieged and taken by the king. Here the bloody battle was fought in which Henry VI. was taken prifoner. See ENGLAND, 33. It was entirely confumed by a moft dreadful fire in 1675; yet, by the help of liberal contributions from all parts of the country, it hath fo recovered itself, that it is now one of the neatest and best built towns of the kingdom. Among the public build. ings, which are all lofty, the most remarkable are the church called All-hallows (which stands at the meeting of four fpacious ftreets), the feffions and affize houfe, and the George-Inn. A county hofpital or infirmary has been lately built here. It was formerly walled, and had feven churches within and two without. The walls were about two miles in circuit. The horse market is reckoned to excel all others in the kingdom, it being deemed the centre of all its horfe-markets and horfe-fairs, and the chief rendezvous of the jockies both from York and London. Its principal manufacture is thoes, of which great numbers are fent beyond fea; and the next to that, ftock ings and lace. It is rich and populous, being a thorough-fare both in the N. and W. roads; but, VOL. XVI. PART L

being 80 miles from the fea, it can have no commerce by navigation. It contains about 1083 houfes, and 5200 inhabitants. It had formerly a nunnery with feveral monafteries; and of its very old caftle on the W. fide of the town, a fmall part of the ruins are ftill to be seen. The horse races are on a neighbouring down, called Pye-Leys. Within half a mile of the town is one of the crof fes erected by King Edward I. in memory of his Queen Eleanor, whofe corpfe was refted there in its way to Westminster. On the N. fide of the river, near that crofs, many Roman coins have been ploughed up. At Guilesborough, NW. of Northampton, are to be feen the veftiges of a Roman camp, the fituation of which is the more remakable as lying between the Nen and the Avon, the only pafs from the N. to the S. parts of England not intercepted by any river. This camp. was fecured only by a fingle intrenchment, which was, however, very broad and deep. Northampton is governed by a mayor, aldermen, recorder, and burgeffes; and has three weekly markets on Wed. Frid. and Sat. It lies 30 miles SE. of Coventry, 43 NE. of Oxford, 50 W. of Cambridge, and 66 NNW. of London. Lon. 1. 11. W. Lat. 52. 15. N.

(3.) NORTHAMPTON, a county of N. Carolina, in Halifax district; bounded on the N. by Virginia, E. by Hartford, S. by Bertie, SW. by Halifax, and W. by Warren counties. It contained $553 citizens, and 4409 Naves in 1795.

(4.) NORTHAMPTON, a town of Maffachusetts, capital of Hampshire county, 14 mile W. of the Connecticut, 40 N. of Hartford, 100 of Bofton, and 271 from Philadelphia. It had 1628 citizens in 1795.

(5) NORTHAMPTON, a township of New Jerfey in Burlington county, comprehending 56,000 acres, and containing above 150 houfes, an epifcopal church and a quaker's meeting house: 20 miles from Philadelphia, and 22 from Trenton. Mount Holy is the capital.

(6.) NORTHAMPTON, an extenfive hilly county of Pennfylvania, bounded on the E. and NE. by the Delaware, which feparates it from the states of New Jerfey and New York, SE. by Bucks, SW. by Berks and W. and NW. by Luzerne counties. It is 111 miles long from N. to S. and 53 broad; and contains 27 townships; with mines of iron ore, coals, and limeftone. Eafton is the capital.

(7.) NORTHAMPTON, a town in the above county, (N° 6.) on the SW. bank of the Lehigh, 6 miles SW. of Bethlehem.

(8.) NORTHAMPTON, a township of Pennfylvania in Buck's county.

(9.) NORTHAMPTON, a county of Virginia, forming the S. part of the peninfula on the E. coaft of Virginia, on Chefapeake bay. It contained 3645 citizens, and 3244 flaves, in 1795.

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. See NORTHAMPTON,