(3.) NETTLE, DEAD. See LAMIUM. (4.) NETTLE, HEDGE. See GALEOPSIS. (5.) NETLE, See MEDUSA, N° II; and ANIMAL FLOWER, § 1.

(6.) NETTLE, SHRUBBY HEDGE. See PRA

SIUM.

(7.) NETTLE TREE. See CELTIS.

*To NETTLE v. a. [from the noun.] To fting; to irritate; to provoke. The princes were fo nettled at the fcandal of this affront, that every man took it to himself. L'Etrange.-Although at every part of the Apoftle's difcourfe fome of them might be uneafy and nettled, yet a moderate filence and attention was ftill obferved. Bent. NETTUNO, a handfome town of Italy, in the Campagnia of Rome. It is but thinly peopled, though feated in a fertile foil. The inhabitants are most all hunters. Lon. 12. 57. E. Lat. 41. 30. N. NETUM, an ancient town of Sicily, now called NOTO. Sil. Ital. xiv. 269.

*NETWORK, 2. f. [net and work.] Any thing reticulated or decuffated, at equal diftances, with interftices between the interfections.

Nor any fkilled in workmanship emboss'd, Nor any fkill'd in loops of fing'ring fine; Might in their diverfe cunning ever dare, With this fo curious network to compare. Spenf. A large cavity in the finciput was filled with ribbons, lace, and embroidery, wrought together in a curious piece of network. Addifon Whoever contemplates with becoming attention this curious and wonderful net-work of veins, muft be tranfported with admiration. Blackmore.

NETZE, a river of Lower Saxony, which runs into the Ilmenau, 2 miles SW. of Butlingen.

NEVA, a river at Petersburg, in Ruffia. The views upon its banks exhibit the moft grand and lively fcenes. It is in most places broader than the Thames at London. It is deep, rapid, and tranf parent as crystal, and its banks are lined on each fide with a continued range of handsome buildings. On the N. fide of the fortrefs, the academy of fciences and that of arts are the moft ftriking objects; on the oppofite fide are the imperia! palace, the admiralty, the manfions of many Ruffian nobles, and the English Line, fo called because (a few houfes excepted) the whole row is occupied by English merchants. In front of thefe buildings on the S. fide, is the quay, which fretches for 3 miles, except where it is interrup. ted by the admiralty; and the Neva, during the whole of that space, was embanked at the expenfe of the late Catharine II. by a wall, parapet, and pavement of hewn granite; a most elegant and durable monument of imperial munificence. There is a communication between the oppofite fides of the river by a bridge of pontoons, which, when any thing is apprehended from the force of ice rushing down the stream, can be, and is generally, removed. The great depth of the river, and the irrefiftible impetuofity of thofe vaft fhoals of ice, which in the beginning of winter come down this rapid river, prevent the building of a stone bridge. An attempt, however, was made to remedy this inconvenience; and a Ruffian peafant actually projected the plan of throwing a wooden bridge of one arch acrofs it, which in its narrowest part is 980 feet in breadth; and which

would rise 168 feet above the furface of the wa ter. This model was 98 feet long; but as the bridge was never erected, it is unneceffary to give a particular defcription of the model, farther than juft to mention, in Mr Coxe's words, that "it is fo compactly conftructed and of such uniform solidity, that it has fupported 3540 poods, or 127,440 lb. without having in the leaft fwerved from its direction, which is far more in propor tion to its fize, than the bridge, if completed, would have occafion to sustain from the preffure of the carriages added to its own weight." For farther particulars refpecting this model, and its author, the Ruffian peafant, whose name is Kulibin, we refer the inquifitive reader to Mr Coxe's Travels.

(1.) NEVAY, a parish of Scotland in Angusfhire, united to that of ESSIE, early in the 17th century. (See ESSIE.) It is the property of Sir J. Stuart M'Kenzie, Lord Privy Seal; who (fays Dr Playfair)" lately granted new leafes to his tenants on this and his other estates in Strathmore. His moderation and generosity on that occafion will not be foon forgotten. Every occupier of a farm was fecured in the poffeffion of it, upon condition of paying a very small rife of rent. Had the ufual methods of ferewing and racking tenants been adopted, the landlord might have greatly increafed his revenue; but he preferred the pleasure of making feveral hundreds of people COMFORTABLE and HAPPY." Stat Acc. Vol. XVI. p. 215. (2.) NEVAY, a hill in the above parish.

NEUBEGAU, a town of Auftria, 5 miles SE. of Vienna.

NEUBERG, two towns of Germany: 1. in Carniola, 4 miles N. of Crainburg: 2. in Stiria, 20 miles NE. of Pruck.

(1.) NEUBURG, a principality or duchy of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, united with that of SALTZBACH. It has a vote at the diet and college of Princes. Some of the people are Lutherans, but the Roman catholics are moft numerous. It has a government of its own.

(2.) NEUBURG, the capital of the above duchy, is feated on a hill, near the Danube; is well built and fortified, and has a palace. In 1632 and 1633, it was taken by the Swedes and Bavarians; in 1703, by the Bavarians; and in 1744, by the Auftrians. It lies 15 miles W. of Ingoldftadt, 28 NNE. of Augfburg, and 40 SW. of Ratisbon. Lon. 11. 10. E. Lat. 48. 45. N.

(3.) NEUBURG, a town of Bavaria, on the Schwarza, 19 miles SE. of Amberg, and 24 NNE. of Ratisbon. Lon. 30. 5. E. Ferro. Lat. 49. 16. N.

(4.) NEUBURG, a town of Lower Auftria, on the Danube, 5 miles from Vienna, with a celebrated monaftery. Lon. 16. 20. E. Lat. 48. 13. N. (5.) NEUBURG, a town of Bavaria, on the left bank of the Inn; 4 miles S. of Pafssau.

(6.) NEUBURG, a town of Germany, in Brifgau, near the Rhine; 12 miles N. of Bafle, and 12 S. of Brifach. Lon. 7. 35. E. Lat. 47. 47. N.

(7.) NEUBURG, a town of Pruffia, in Pomerelia, on the Viftula; 32 miles S. of Dantzick.

(8.) NEUBURG, a town of Wirtemburg, on the Entz, with a fort; 25 miles W. of Stutgard. Lon. 8. 34. E. Lat. 48. 52. N.

(9.) NEUBURG, CLOSTER. See CLOSTER, N° 3. NEU

NEUBURGENSIS. See LITTLE, N° 1. (I.) NEUCHATEL, or NEUFCHATEL, a (1.) NEUCHATTEL, county of the Helvetic republic, bounded on the W. by the late Franche Comte, on the N. by Bafle, and on the E. and S. by the cantons of Berne and Friburg. This principality, including Vallengin, extends from the lake of Neuchattel to the borders of Franche Comte, being about 36 miles long, and 18 broad. The plain, with the lower part of the mountains, is occupied by the diftrict of Neuchattel, but Vallengin is totally inclosed by Jura. Parallel chains of these mountains run from E. to W. forming feveral valleys in the most elevated parts. The lower grounds of this chain confift of arable lands and vineyards; the higher of large tracks of foreft, which in many parts have been cleared and converted into pasture-grounds, intermixed with fields of barley and oats. The inhabitants are numerous, and remarkable for their genius, politeness, and active induftry. It contains 3 cities, one town, go villages, and about 300 houfes difperfed in the mountains. The inhabitants are all proteftants, except two Roman catholic villages; and in 1529 they entered into a ftrict alliance with the cantons of Berne, Friburg, Soleure, and Lucern. The air is healthy and temperate, but the foil not every where equally fertile: however there are large vineyards, which produce red and white wine, which laft is excellent. The pastures on the mountains feed a great number of all forts of cattle; and there are plenty of deer in the forefts; befides large trouts, and other good fish, in the lakes and rivers. The mildness of its former government, and agreeable fituation of the inhabitants in general in thefe diftricts, is evident from the great increase of population in the space of 32 years. In 1752 they contained only 28,017 fubjects and 4318 aliens; but in 1784 the number was augmented to 31,576 fubjects, and 9704 aliens; being an increase of near a 4th part in that time. The facility with which the burghership of Neuchattel is acquired, may also be accounted one of the means of aug. menting its population; for between 1760 and 1770, the magiftrates admitted 41 perfons to this privilege; from 1770 to 1780, 46; from 1780 to 1785, 51; in all 138; many of whom had children before they purchased their burghership, and 38 of them were foreigners, either German, French, or Dutch. The districts of Neuchattel and Vallengin formerly made part of the Pruffian dominions: It had its own counts for a long time; the laft of whom dying in 1694 without iffue, it came to Mary of Orleans duchefs of Nemours, his only fifter, who alfo died without iffue in 1703. There were then 13 competitors, among whom was Frederick I. king of Pruffia, who claimed as heir to the Prince of Orange. His right was acknowledged by the ftates of the country in 1707; but in this part of his dominions the Pruffian monarch is far from having such an absoulute authority as in others. On the acceffion of Frederick I. fome general articles were agreed on, by which the prerogatives of the prince and the rights of the people were fettled. Difputes, however, occurred betwixt the king and his fubjects, which were not thoroughly fettled till 1768, when the general

articles were not only renewed, but explained wherever their tenor had been mistaken, confirm. ing alfo feveral privileges in favour of the people, which had hitherto been equivocal or not duly observed. The most important of these general articles were, 1. The establishment of the reformed religion, and the toleration of no other, except in two places where it was already prevalent. 2. No civil or military office to be poffeffed by foreigners, that of governors only excepted. 3. All fubjects have a right to enter into the fervice of a foreign prince not actually at war with the king as fovereign of Neuchattel; the state may alfo continue neuter when the king is engaged in wars which do not concern the Helvetic body. 4. The proper administration of juftice; for which the three eftates of Neuchattel and Vallengin fhall be annually affembled. 5. The magiftrates to hold their places during good behaviour; but of this certain perfons appointed at Neuchattel, and not the king, are to judge. 6. The fovereign, on his acceffion, fhall take an oath to maintain the rights, liberties, and cuftoms of the people, written and unwritten. This laft article was no lefs important than fingular; for upon an unwritten cuftom one of their most effential privileges depends, viz. that the fovereign fhall be confidered only as refident at Neuchattel. "Now (fays Mr Coxe), this privilege, in conjunction with the 3d article juft cited, forms the bafis of their civil liberty. By the former, the prince, when absent, can only addrefs his fubjects through his governor and the council of ftate; and no fubject can be tried out of the country, or otherwife than by judges appointed by the conftitution: by the latter, fhould the king of Pruffia be at war with all Germany, the people of Neuchattel and Vallengin are by no means obliged to arm in his defence; but individuals may even ferve against him, as long as the powers whom they ferve are not engaged in any hoftilities against their own country." A remarkable inftance of this laft, our author gives in the following anecdote. "When Henry duke of Longueville, and fovereign of Neuchattel, was, in 1650, fent to the caftle of Vincennes, Felix de Mareval, captain of the Swifs guards, kept guard in his turn, though he was citizen of Neuchattel, at the door of the prifon where his fovereign was confined." The king conferred nobility, named the principal officers of ftate, appointed the prefidents of the courts of juftice called chatelins and mayors; but his revenues fcarcely amounted to L. 5000 a-year. Neuchattel enjoyed very confiderable privileges before the late revolutions; it had the care of the police within its own district, and was governed by its own magiftracy, confifting of a great and little council. The three eftates of the country formed the fupreme tribunal, and received appeals from the inferior court of juftice. They confifted of 12 judges divided into three eftates: the judges in the first and fecond divifion held their places for life; but those in the third were chofen annually. But it is unneceffary to say more of a government now totally overturned by Bonaparte. We fhall therefore only quote Mr Coxe's concluding lines refpecting its former happy ftate: "In a word, perfonal liberty is almoft as tenderly and

as

NEUFMANIL, a town of France, in the dep. of Ardennes; 3 miles NE. of Charleville. NEUFMARCHE, a town of France, in the dep. of Eure; 9 miles N. of Gifors.

NEUFRAICH, a river of Suabia, which rises near Walkenhofen, and runs into the Schmutter, one mile W. of Augsburg.

NEUGARDEN, or a town of Pomerania, NEUGARTEN, with a ftrong fort, near

Golnow.

NEUGRABEN, a river of Silefia, which runs into the Oder at Brieg.

(1.) NEUHAUS, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Bechin, 8 miles N. of Fiftritz. It was taken by the Swedes in 1645.

(2-4) NEUHAUS, 3 towns of Germany: 1. in Bavaria, 18 miles N. of Straubing: 2. in Weftphalia, 2 miles NNE. of Paderborn, the refidence of the bishop: 3. on the E. bank of the Rhine, II miles SE of Worms.

(1.) NEUHAUSEN, a town of Courland. (2.) NEUHAUSEN, a town of Pruffia, in Sam

land.

NEUHAUSZ, 2 towns of Saxony: 1. in Bremen, on the Ofte: 2. in Coburg, 10 miles E. of Coburg. NEUHEUSEL, a town of Hungary, on the Nitra, 64 miles E. of Vienna. It was taken by the Turks in 1663, and retaken by the imperialifts in 1685.

NEUHOF, 3 towns of Germany: 1. in Franconia, 12 miles N. of Anfpach: 2. in Fulda, 6 miles SW. of Fulda: 3. in Silefia, in Jauer, with a fort.

NEVIAN, a town of France, in the dep. of Aude; 44 miles W. of Narbonne.

NEVILL'S BAY, a bay on the W. coaft of La brador, W. of Hudson's Bay.

NEVILL'S CROSs, a place in England, near Durham, where David II. King of Scots was defeated and taken prifoner, with many of his nobility, by the English under Q. Philippa and Lord Percy, and 15,000 of the Scots were flain.

(1-3.) NEUILLY, the name of 6 towns of France: viz. 1. in the dep. of Orne, 134 miles E. of Mortagne: 2. in that of Paris, 3 miles NW. of Paris: 3. in that of Yonne, 9 miles NW. of Axerre:

(4.) NEUILLY L'EVEQUE, in the dep. of Upper Marne, and district of Langres; 6 miles NE. of Langres:

(5.) NEUILLY LE REAL, in the dep. of Allier, and diftrict of Moulins; 9 miles SSE. of Moulins: (6.) NEUILLY ST FRONT, in the dep. of Aifne, and diftrict of Chateau Thierry; 134 m. S. of Laon. NEVIN, NEFYN, or NEWIN, a town of N. Wales, in Caernarvonshire, with a market on Saturday. In this town Edward I. in 1284, held his triumphal festival on the conqueft of Wales; and to conciliate his new fubjects, held, in imitation of K. Arthur, a round table, with dances and tournaments; at which were prefent the chief nobility of England, many foreign lords, and a vaft concourse of people. Nevin is 6 miles W. of Pulhely, and 249 NW. of London.

(1.) NEVIS, one of the CARIBBEE ISLANDS, lying about 21 miles N. of Montferrat, and feparated from St Chriftopher's by a narrow channel. It makes a beautiful appearance from the fea,

being a large conical mountain covered with fine trees, of an eafy afcent on every fide, and entirely cultivated. The circumference is about 1 miles, with a confiderable tract of level ground all around. The climate in the lower part is reckoned warmer than Barbadoes, but it is more temperate towards the fummit. The foil is very fine in the lower part, but coarfer above. The productions are nearly the fame with thofe of St Christopher. There are three pretty good bays, with towns in their vicinity; Charles-town, Moreton Bay, and Newcastle. This pleasant ifland was fettled in 1628, by a colony under Sir Thomas Warner from St Chriftopher's. His fucceffor, Gov. Lake, was confidered as the SOLON of this colony, in which he arranged every thing with fuch prudence, wifdom, and justice, as procured him a high reputation with the French as well as English. In the Dutch war they met with some disturbance from the French; but by being covered by an English squadron, the enemy were obliged to retreat, after a fmart engagement in fight of the inland. Sir William Stapleton fometimes refided here, and Sir Nathaniel Johnson conftantly. The population was then computed at 30,000. In the war after the revolution, they exerted themselves gallantly, and had two regiments of 300 men each. In that of Q. Anne they behaved equally well, though they were lefs fortunate; for the French landing with a fuperior force, in 1706, and having inveigled moft of their flaves, they were forced to capitulate. About 4000 of thefe flaves the French carried away and fold to the Spaniards, to work in their mines. The parliament, after making inquiry into the loffes they had fuftained, voted them about a third part of the fum which they had loft. Thefe loffes by war, an epidemic disease, and repeated hurricanes, exceedingly diminished the number of the people. They are now thought not to exceed 6000 whites, and 10,000 negroes. There is a lieutenant-governor, with a council, and an affembly, which is composed of three members from each of the five parishes into which the island is divided. The commodities are cotton and fugar; and about 20 fail of fhips are annually employed in this trade.

(2.) NEVIS, a river of Scotland, in Invernessfhire, which rifes in BEN-NEVIS, runs through the valley of Glen-nevis, and, after a rapid courfe of 10 miles, in which it forms feveral romantic cataracts, falls into Lochiel, near Fort-William.

NEUKALDEN, a town of Mecklenburg. NEUKIRCH, a town of Silefia, in Oppau. (1.) NEUKIRCHEN, a town of Switzerland, in Schaffhaufen; 5 miles W. of Schaffhaufen.

(2-7.) NEUKIRCHEN, 6 towns of Germany: 1. in Auftria, 6 miles SE. of Engelhartzel: 2. in Bavaria, 10 miles E. of Cham: 3. in Bavaria, 13 miles SSE. of Nabburg: 4. in Heffe, 28 miles S. of Caffel: 5. in Upper Saxony, 5 miles S. of Chemnitz: 6. in ditto, in Vogtland, 10 miles SE. of Oelnitz.

NEUMAGEN, a town of Germany, in the late electorate of Treves, now annexed to France, and included in the dep. of the Rhine and Mo felle; feated on the S. fide of the Mofelle, 11 miles ENE. of Treves, and 42 SW. of Coblentz. Lon. 24. 12. E. of Ferro. Lat. 50. o. N.

NEUMARCK,