NUBIAN DÉSERT, a vast tract of barren rocks and burning fands, extending from Syene in Upper Egypt to Geon the capital of Berber in Nubia. As Syene is in lat. 24° 0'45" N. and Geon in lat. 17° 57′ 22′′, the length of this defart from N. to S. 18 6 3 23, or upwards of 420 English miles, Its breadth from E. to W. has not been precifely afcertained. Through this horrid region, where nothing is to be feen which has the breath of life, muft all travellers pass from Sennaar to Egypt; in danger every moment of perishing by thirst, being overwhelmed by moving columns of fand, fuffocated by a hot and poisonous wind, or cut in. picces by troops of wandering Arabs, NUBIANS, the people of Nubia, See NUBIA. * NUBIFEROUS, adj, [nubifer, Lat.] Bringing clouds. Dia. 1 *To NUBILATE. v. a. [nubilo, Lat.] To cloud. Dia. * NUBILE. adj. [nubile, Fr. nubilis, Lat.] Mar riageable; fit for marriage. The cowilip fmiles, in brighter yellow dreft, Than that which veils the nubile virgin's breaft. Prior. NUBLADA, an island in the Pacific Ocean, W. by S. of Cape Corientes, on the coast of Mexico, and E. of Roco Portida. Lon. 122, 30. W. Lat. 16.40. N. NUBY, a town of Yorkshire, SE. of Ingleton. NUCASSE, a town of the United States, in Tenneffee, 45 miles S. of Knoxville. NUCERIA, an ancient town of Italy in Cams pania, which was taken by Hannibal. It became à Roman colony under Auguftus.' It is now called Notera. See NOCERA, N° 2. NUCESTOWN, a town of Ireland, in Cork. Z NUCHAN, a town of Rufsia, on the coaft of that part of the fea of KAMTSCHATKA which feparates the continents of Afia and America. Lon. 207° E. of Ferro. Lat. 60° N. NUCHVUNK, a district on the coaft of New Britain, frequented by fea horfes. Lat. 60. o. N. NUCI, a town of Naples, in Bari. (1.) * NUCIFEROUS. adj. [nuces and fero, Lata] Nutbearing. Dia. NUCK, Anthony, an eminent Dutch phyfician, who was profeffor of Anatomy at Leyden. His chief works are, Adenographia, Sedlographia, et operationes et experimenta Chirurgica, 3 vols. 1722. (1.) NUCLEUS. n. f. [Lat.] A kernel; any thing about which matter is gathered or congiohated.]-The crufts are each in all parts nearly of of the fame thickness, their figure fuited to the nucleus, and the outer furface of ftone exactly of the fame form with that of the nucleus. Wooda. (2.) NUCLEUS, in general, denotes any feed inclofed within a hufk. It is also used for the body of a comet, otherwife called its head. NUCTA, a dew, which falling in Egypt, about St John's day, is by the fuperftitious natives confidered as miraculous, and the peculiar gift of that faint. It is occafioned by the rains which at this period fall in Ethiopia. The Nile at this feafon is almost stagnant, and in many of its cifterns patrid, but when it is augmented by these showers the fun refumes its fufpended power of difengang this light vapour, which never fails to put immediate ftop to the plague, that is but too * 1 frequently raging. So powerfully is it endued with this beneficial quality, that immediately after St John's day, the clothes of the many thousands who have died during the plague are publicly expofed in the market place; and, after imbibing the dew, are handled, bought, put on and worn, without any apprehenfion of danger, and without a single accident. *NUDATION, n. f. [nudation, Fr. nudo, Lat.] The act of making bare or naked. (1.) * NUDITY. n. f. [nudité, Fr. nudus, Lat.] Naked parts.-There are no fuch licences permitted in poetry any nore than in painting, to defign and colour obscene nudities. Dryden, (2.) NUDITY, in painting and fculpture, is applied to any part of a human figure, not covered with any drapery; or thofe parts where, the car. nation appears, NUEL-KIANG, a town of China, in Se-tchuen. *NUEL See NEWEL NUESTRA SENNORA OF SENORA, [Spanish, i. e. Our Lady.] A name given by the Spaniards to 4 towns, and 2 islands, viz. 1. NUESTRA SENORA DE BUENOS AYRES. See BUENOS AYRES, N° 2. 2. NUESTRA, SENORA DE LA PAZ, a town of Peru, in the audience of Charcas, in a valley abounding with vines and fruits. Lon. 64. o. W. Lat. 17. 10. S. 3. NUESTRA SENORA DE LA VITTORIA, a town of MEXICO, in the prov. of Tabasco, on the bay of Campeachy; fo named by Cortes after he had taken and plundered it in 1519. Lon. 92. 35. W. Lat. 18. o N. 4. NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL SOCORO, an island in the S. Pacific Ocean, near the coaft of Chili. Lat. 45. o. S. 3. NUESTRA SENORA DE LUZ, an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, difcovered by Quiros, in 1506. Lon. 188. o. E. of Ferro. Lat. 14. 30..S.... 6. NUESTRA SENORA DE TALAVERA, a town of Paraguay, in Tucuman, NUEVA SEGOVIA, a town in the isle of Manilla or Luzon,, with a bishop's fee; the refidence of the Portuguese alcayde, major of the province. It is feated near the mouth of the Cagayan. Lon. 120.59. E. Lat. 18. 39, N., NUEVE SUR BARANION, a town of France, in in the dep. of Cher, 15 miles N. of Bourges. 7 NUEVO BAXO, a bank, called by the British the New Bear, about 32 leagues S. of the W. end of Jamaica, with a quay, ftretching E. by N. and W. by S. Lat. 1557. N. NUEZ, a town of Spain, in Leon. * NUGACITY. n. f. [nugax, Latin.] Futility; trifling talk or behaviour. * NUGATIONn, f. [nugor, Latin.] The act or practice of trifling. The opinion, that putrefaction is caufed either. by cold, or peregrine and preternatural heat, is but nugation. Bacon. * NUGATORY. [nugatorius, Latin.] Trifling; futile; infignificant.-Some great men of the laft age, before the mechanical age was revived, were too much addicted to this nugatory art. Bentley. NUGHZ, or NAGAZ, a town of Candahar, on the N. bank of the Cowmull; 58 miles ESE. of Ghizni, and 85 SE. of Cabul. Lon. 69. 31. Lat. 33.16. N. NUI-HANG, a town of China, in Ho-nan. (1.) NUILLE EN VANDIN, a town of France, in the dep. of Maine; 15 miles NE. of Maine. (2.) NUILLE SUR VICOIN, a town of France, in the dep. of Maine; 6 miles S. of Laval, and 9 N. of Chateau Gontier. NUIS, or NUIS SUR ARMANCE, a town of France, in the dep. of Yonne; 12 miles SE. of Tonnere, and 27 E. of Auxerre. (1.)* NUISANCE. n. f. [nuisance, Fr.] 1. Some thing noxious or offenfive.-This is the liar's lot, he is accounted a peft and a nuisance. South. A wife man who does not affift with his counfels, a rich man with his charity, and a poor man with his labour, are perfect nuisances in a commonwealth. Swift.2. [In law.] Something that incommodes the neighbourhood.-Nuifances, as neceffary to be fwept away as dirt out of the streets. Kettlewell. (2.) NUISANCE, in law, § 1. def. 2. Nuifances are either public or private. A public nuisance is an offence, against the public in general, either by doing what tends to the annoyance of all the king's fubjects, or by neglecting to do what the common good requires: in which cafe all annoy. ances and injuries to ftreets, highways, bridges and large rivers, as alfo disorderly alehouses, bawdy-houfes, gaming-houses, ftages for rope-dancers, &c. are held to be common nuisances. A private nuisance is, when only one perfon or family is annoyed by the doing of any thing; as where a perfon ftops up the light of another's houfe, or builds in fuch a manner that the rain falls from his house upon his neighbour's. NUITHONES, an ancient people of Germany, who inhabited the countries now called MECKLENBURG and POMERANIA. NUITZ. See Nuys. NUIZIA, a river of Ruffia which runs into the Olekma. NUK, a lake of Ruffia, in Olonetz; 40 miles long and 8 broad. NUKE, a small town in Northumberland. NULES, a town of Spain, in Valencia. (1.) * NULL. adj. [nullus, Latin.] Void; of no force; ineffectual. Tho' the law makes null th' adult'rous deed Of lands to her, the cuckold may fucceed. Dryd. Their orders are accounted to be null and invalid by many. Lefley. The pope's confirmation of the church-lands to thofe who hold them by king Henry's donation, was null and fraudulent. Savift. (2.) NULL. n. /. Something of no power, or no meaning. Marks in ciphered writing which ftand for nothing, and are inferted only to puzzle, are called nulls. If part of the people be fomewhat in the election, you cannot make them nulls or ciphers in the privation or translation. Bacon.. *To NULL. v. a. [nullus, Latin.] To annul; to annihilate; to deprive of efficacy or existence. Thy fair enchanted cup and warbling charms No more on me have power; their force is null'd. Milton. -Reason hath the power of nulling or governing all other operations of bodies. Greau. * NULLIBIETY. n. S. [from nullibi, Latin.] The state of being nowhere. *To NULLIFY. v. a. [from nullus, Lat.] To annul; to make void. (1.)* NULLITY. n. f. [nullite, Fr.] 1. Want of force or efficacy.-It can be no part of my business to overthrow this diftinction, and to fhew the nullity of it. South.-The jurifdiction is opened by the party, in default of justice from the ordinary, as by appeals or nullities. Ayliffe. 2. Want of existence. A hard body ftruck against another hard body, will yield an exteriour found, in fo much as if the percuffion be over foft, it may induce a nullity of found, but never an interiour found. Bacon. (2.) NULLITY, in law, fignifies any thing that is null or void: thus there is a nullity of marriage, where perfons marry within the degrees, or where infants marry without confent of their parents or guardians. (1.) NUMA, MARCIUS, the fon-in-law of NuMA POMPILIUS, and father of king ANCUS, was made governor of Rome by Tullus Hoftilius. (2.) NUMA POMPILIUS, the 2d king of Rome, and the 4th fon of Pompilius Pompo, an illuftrious Sabine. He had married Tatia, the daughter of king Tatius, and together with her remained in bis native country, preferring the tranquillity of a private life to the fplendor of a court. Upon the death of his wife, with whom he had lived 13 years, he gave himself up entirely to the fludy of wildom; and leaving the city of Cures, confined himself to the country, in fearch only of those woods and fountains which religion had made facred. His reclufe life gave rise to the fable, which was very early received among the Sabines, that Numa lived in familiarity with the nymph Egeria. (See EGERIA.) Upon the death of Romulus, the fenate and people of Rome difpatched Julius Proculus and Valerius Volefus, two fenators of diftinction, to make him an offer of the kingdom. The Sabine philofopher rejected at first their propofal; but at last yielded, and fet out for Rome, where he was received by all ranks of people with joy. Spurius Vettius, the interrex for the day, having affembled the curiæ, he was elected in due form, and the election was unanimously confirmed by the fenate. The beginning of his reign was po pular; and he difmiffed the 300 guards which his predeceffor had kept around his person. He was not, like Romulus fond of war, but applied himself to tame the ferocity of his fubjects, to inculcate in their minds a reverence for the Deity, and to quell their diffenfions by dividing all the citizens into claffes. He established different òrders of priests, and taught the Romans not to worship the Deity by images; and hence none appeared in the temples of Rome, for 160 years. He encouraged the report of his paying vifits to the nymph Egeria, to give fanction to the laws which he introduced. He established the college of the veftals, and told the Romans that the fafety of the empire depended upon the prefervation of the facred ancyle or fhield, which, it was believed, had dropped from heaven. He dedicated a temple to Janus, which, during his whole reign, remained shut as a mark of peace. After a reign of 42 years, in which he had given every encou ragement to the useful arts, Numa died A. U. C. 81. Not only the Romans, but the neighbouring nations, were eager to pay their laft offices to a monarch whom they revered. He left behind him one daughter called Pompilia, who married NUMA MARCIUS, and became the mother of Ancus Marcius the 4th king of Rome. The principal laws of king Numa, mentioned by authors, are; 1. That the gods fhould be worshipped. 2. That whoever knowingly killed a free man should, be held as a parricide. 3. That no harlot should touch the altar of Juno; and if she did, that the fhould facrifice an ewe-lamb to that goddess, with dishevelled hair. 4. That whoever removed a land-mark should be put to death. 5. That wine should not be poured on a funeral pile, &c. NUMAGA, a river of Germany in Auftrian Suabia, which runs into the Rhine, 6 miles above Brifach. NUMAGEN, an ancient town of Germany in the ci-devant electorate of Treves, formerly called Neomagus, (See NEOMAGUS, N° 2.) now annexed to the French empire, and included in the dep. of the Rhine and Mofelle; 14 miles E. of Treves. NUMANA, an ancient town of Italy, in Picenum. Mela, ii. 4. NUMANATES, the people of Numana. NUMANTIA, a very noble city, the ornament of Hifpania Citerior, (Florus ;) celebrated for the long war of 20 years which it maintained against the Romans. Numantia was taken by the Ro. mans, A. U. C. 629, after a fiege, productive of hardships to the inhabitants unparalleled in hiftory. See ROME. NUMANTINES, the brave people of Nu mantia. *NUMB. adj. [benumen, benumed, Saxon.] 1. Torpid; deprived in a great measure of the power of motion and fenfation; chill; motionlefs. Like a ftony ftatue, cold, and numb. Shak. -Leaning long upon any part maketh it numb and alleep. Bacon. 2. Producing chillness; benumbing. ་་་ When we both lay in the field, Frozen almost to death, how he did lap me Ev'n in his garments, and did give himself. All thin and naked to the numb cold night. Shak. *To NUMB. v. a. To make torpid; to make dull of motion or sensation; to deaden; to ftu pify.— Bedlam beggars, with roaring voices, Strike in their numb'd and mortify'd bare arms, Pins, wooden pricks, nails, sprigs of rosemary; And with this horrible object, from low farms, Inforce their charity. Shak. She can unlock The clasping charm, and thaw the numbing spell. Milton. Lazy winter numbs the lab'ring hand. Dryd. When the quick spirits their warm march forbear. And numbing coldness has embrac'd the ear. Prior. • NUMBEDNESS. n. f. [from numbed.] Torpor; interruption of fenfation. If the nerve be quite divided, the pain is little, only a kind of ftupor or numbedness. Wifeman. * T. NUMBER. v. a. [nombrer, Fr. numero, Lat.] 1. To count; to tell; to reckon how many. If a man can number the duft of the earth, then fhall thy feed alfo be numbered. Gen. xiii. 10. I will number you to the fword. If. lxv. 12.The gold, the veft, the tripods number'd o'er, All these he found. Pope. 2. To reckon as one of the fame kind. He was numbered with the tranfgreffors. If. hii. 12. (1.)* NUMBER. n. f. [nombre, French; numerus, Latin.] 1. The fpecies of quantity by which it is computed how many. Hye thee from this flaughter-house, Left thou increase the number of the dead. Shak. -The filver, the gold, and the vessels were weighed by number and by weight. Ezra viii. 34. -There is but one gate for ftrangers to enter at, that it may be known what numbers of them are in the town. Addison. 2. Any particular aggregate of units, as even or odd.-This is the third time; I hope good luck lies in odd numbers; they fay there is divinity in odd numbers. Shak. 3. Many; more than one.-Much of what we are to fpeak may seem to a number perhaps tedious, perhaps obfcure, dark, and intricate, Hooker.—Water lily hath a root in the ground; and so have a number of other herbs that grow in ponds. Bacon. -Ladies are always of great ufe to the party they espouse, and never fail to win over numbers. Addison. 4. Multitude that may be counted.-Of him came nations and tribes out of number. 2 Efd. iii. 7. Loud as from numbers without number. Milton. 5. Comparative multitude.-Number itfelf importeth not much in armies, where the people are of weak courage. Bacon. 6.Aggregated multitude. You may fend for your fick, and the rest of your number, which ye will bring on land. Bacon. -Sir George Summers, fent thither with nine fhips and 500 men, loft a great part of their num bers in the isle of Bermudas. Heylyn. 7. Harmony; proportions calculated by number.— They, as they move Their ftarry dance in numbers that compute Days, months, and years, tow'rds his all-chearing lamp, Turn fwift. 8. Verfes; poetry. Milton. Then feed on thoughts that voluntary move Harmonious numbers. Milton. Yet fhould the Muses bid my numbers roll Strong as their charms, and gentle as their foul. Pope. 9. [In grammar.]-In the noun is the variation or change of termination to fignify a number more than one. Clark. " How many numbers are in nouns ?— Shak. (II.) NUMBER, (§ 1. def. 1, 2.) See ARITHMETIC, Index, and METAPHYSICS, Sec. XIV. Number, fays Malcolm, is either abstract or applicate: Abftract, when referred to things in general, without attending to their particular properties; and applicate, when confidered as the number of a particular fort of things, as yards, trees, or the like. When particular things are mentioned, there is always fomething more confidered than barely their numbers; fo that what is true of numbers in the (VII.) NUMBERS, KINDS AND DISTINCTIONS or. Mathematicians, confidering number under a great variety of relations, have eftablished the following diftinctions: I. NUMBERS, BROKEN, are the fame with fractions. the abstract, or when nothing but the number of firmed in fome of the weightieft truths that bare things is confidered, will not be true when the immediate reference to God and his providence queftion is limited to particular things: for in- in the world. But the greatest part of this book ftance, the number two is lefs than three; yet two is fpent in enumerating those laws and ordinances, yards is a greater quantity than three inches; be- whether civil or ceremonial, which, were given by caufe regard must be had to their different natures God, but not mentioned before in the preceding as well as number, whenever things of a different books. fpecies are confidered; for though we can compare the number of fuch things abftractedly, yet we cannot compare them in any applicate fenfe. And this difference is neceffary to be confidered, because upon it the true fenfe, and the poffibility or impoffibility, of fome queftions depend. Number is unlimited in refpect of increafe; because we can never conceive a number fo great but ftill there is a greater. However, in refpect of decrease, it is limited; unity being the first and leaft number, below which therefore it cannot defcend, except by fubdivifion into decimal or other parts, which may also be extended infinitely, at leaft in idea, if not in fact; for we cannot conceive any particle of matter fo fmall, but that it may be fuppofed capable of being rendered still smaller, by divifion and fubdivifion; and this is proved not only by the aftonishing divifibility of gold in gold leaf, gilding, &c. (fee GOLD, N° 1, § 6, 13.) but also even in animated matter, by the incredible number of invifible animalculæ difcovered by the microfcope. See ANIMALCULE, § 1—16, and MICROSCOPICS, $2. (III.) NUMBER, GOLDEN. See CHRONOLOGY, Index. (IV.) The NUMBER NINE has a very curious property, its products always compofing either 9 or fome leffer product of it. (See NINE, N° 2.) Such fpeculations are by fome confidered as trifling and useless; but perhaps they judge too hastily; for few employments are more innocent, none more ingenious, nor, to those who have a tafte for them, more amusing: and mathematical amufements fometimes lead to important and ufeful difcoveries. (V.) NUMBERS, ANCIENT. Numbers were by the Jews, as well as the ancient Greeks and Romans, expreffed by letters of the alphabet: hence we may conceive how imperfect and limited their arithmetic was, because the letters. could not be arranged in a feries, or in different columns, con, venient for ready calculation. The invention of the arithmetical figures which we now make use of, and particularly the CYPHER, has given us a vaft advantage over the ancients in this, refpect. (See ARITHMETIC, Index; and NUMERAL, § 3.) The Jewish cabbalifts, the Grecian conjurors, and the Roman augurs, had a great veneration for particular numbers, and the result of particular combinations of them. Thus three, four, fix, feven, nine, ten, were with them full of divine myfteries, and of great efficacy. (VI.) NUMBERS, BOOK OF, the 4th book of the Pentateuch, taking its denomination from its num bering the families of Ifrael. A great part of this book is historical, relating to feveral remarkable paffages in the Ifraelites march through the wil dernefs. It contains a distinct relation of their feveral movements from one place to another, or their 42 ftages through the wilderness, and many other things, whereby we are inftructed and con 2. NUMBERS, CARDINAL, are thofe which exprefs the quantity of units, as 1, 2, 3, 4, &c. whereas ordinal numbers are thofe which exprefs order, 1st, 2d, 3d, &c. 3. NUMBERS, COMPOUND, thofe divisible by fome other number befides unity; as 12, which is divifible by 2, 3, 4, and 6. Numbers, as 12 and 15, which have fome common measure befides unity, are faid to be compound numbers among themselves. 4. NUMBERS, CUBIC, the product of square numbers by their root: fuch is 27, as being the product of the fquare number 9 by its root 3. All cubic numbers whofe root is lefs than 6, being divided by 6, the remainder is the root itfelf; thus 276 leaves the remainder 3, its root; 216, the cube of 6, being divided by 6, leaves no remainder; 343, the cube of 7, leaves a remainder I, which, added to 6, is the cube root; and 512, the cube of 8, divided by 6, leaves a remainder 2, which, added to 6, is the cube root. Hence the remainders of the divifions of the cubes above 216, divided by 6, being added to 6, always give the root of the cube fo divided till that remainder be 5, and confequently 11, the cube root of the number divided. But the cubic number above this being divided by 6, there remains nothing, the cube root being 12. Thus the remainders of the higher cubes are to be added to 12, and not to 6, till you come to 18, when the remainder of the divifion must be added to 18; and fo on ad infinitum. 5. NUMBERS, DETERMINATE, those referred to fome given unit, as a ternary or three. 6. NUMBERS, EVEN, thofe which may be divided into two equal parts without any fraction, as 6, 12, &c. The fum, difference, and product, of any number of even numbers, is always an even number. 7. NUMBERS, EVENLY EVEN, those which may be measured, or divided, without any remainder, by another even number, as 4 by 2. 8. NUMBERS, HETEROGENEAL, thofe referred to different units. 9. NUMBERS, HOMOGENEAL, are thofe referred to the fame unit. 10. NUMBERS, IMPERFECT, those whofe aliquot parts added together make either more or lefs than the whole. And thefe are diftinguished into abundant and defective: an inftance in the former cafe is 12, whofe aliquot parts 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, make 16; and in the latter cafe 16, whofe aliquot parts 8, 4, 2, and 1, make but 15. JI. NUMBERS, INDETERMINATE, thofe referred to unity in general, and called quantity. 12. NUMBERS, 12. NUMBERS, IRRATIONAL, OF SURDS, thofe incommenfurable with unity. 13. NUMBERS, ODD, those that are not even, as 1, 3, 5, 7, &c. 14. NUMBERS, ODDLY ODD, those odd numbers which are measured by odd numbers. Thus 15 is a number oddly odd, because the odd number 3 measures it by the odd number 5. 15. NUMBERS, PERFECT, thofe whofe aliquot parts added together make the whole number, as 6, 28; the aliquot parts of 6 being 3, 2, and 16; and thofe of 28 being 14, 7, 4, 2, 1=28. 16. NUMBERS, PLAIN, thofe arifing from the multiplication of two numbers, as 6, which is the product of 3 by 2; and these numbers are called. the fides of the plane. 17. NUMBERS, POLYGONAL, or POLYGONOUS, the fums of arithmetical progreffions beginning with unity. These, where the common difference is 1, are called triangular numbers; where 2, fquare numbers; where 3, pentagonal numbers; where 4, hexagonal numbers; where 5, heptagonal numbers, &c. 18. NUMBERS, PRIMITIVE OF PRIME, thofe divifible only by unity, as 5, 7, &c. And prime numbers among themfelves are thofe which have no common measure befides unity, as 12 and 19. 19. NUMBERS, PYRAMIDAL, the fums of polygonous numbers, collected after the fame manner as the polygons themselves, and not gathered out of arithmetical progreffions, are called first pyramidal numbers; the fums of the firft pyramidals are called fecond pyramidals, &c. If they arife out of triangular numbers, they are called triangular pyramidal numbers; if out of pentagons, fir pentagonal pyramidals. From the manner of fumming up polygonal numbers, it is easy to conceive how the prime pyramidal numbers are found, (a—2) n3 + 3n3 —(a—5) expreffes all the viz. prime pyramidals. 6 20. NUMBERS, RATIONAL, thofe commenfurable with unity. A rational whole number is that whereof unity is an aliquot part; a rational broken number, that equal to fome aliquot part of unity; and a rational mixed number, that confifting of a whole number and a broken one. 21. NUMBERS, SQUARE, are the product of any number multiplied by itself: thus 4, which is the factum of 2 by 2, is a fquare number. Even fquare number added to its root makes an even number. 22. NUMBERS, UNEVEN, thofe which exceed an ever number, at leaft by unity, or which cannot be divided into two equal parts, as 3, 5, &c. The fum or difference of two uneven numbers makes an even number; but the factum of two uneven ones makes an uneven number. If an even number be added to an uneven one, or if the one be fubtracted from the other, in the former cafe the fum, in the latter the difference, is an uneven number; but the factum of an even and uneven number is even. The fum of any even number of uneven numbers is an even number; and the fum of any uneven number of uneven numbers is an uneven number. 23. NUMBERS, UNEVENLY EVEN, numbers YOL. XVI. PART I. which may be equally divided by an uneven num ber, as 20 by $. 24. NUMBERS, WHOLE, are otherwife called INTEGERS. (VIII) NUMBERS, ORATORICAL, POFTICAL, &c. are certain measures, proportions, or cadences, which render a verfe, period, or fong, agreeable to the ear. i. NUMBERS, POETICAL, confift in a certain harmony in the order, quantities, &c. of the feet and fyllables, which make the piece mufical to the ear, and fit for finging, for which all the verfes of the ancients were intended. (See POETRY.) It is of thefe numbers Virgil speaks in his 9th Eclogue, when he makes Lycidas fay, Numeros memini, fi verba tenerem; meaning, that alth ugh he had forgot the words of the verfes, yet he remembered the feet and measure of which they were compofed. ii. NUMBERS, RHETORICAL, or PROSAIC, are a fort of fimple unaffected harmony, lefs glaring than that of verfe, but fuch as is perceived and affects the mind with pleafure. The numbers are that by which the ftyle is faid to be easy, tree, round, flowing, &c. Numbers are abfolutely neceffary in all writing, and even in all fpeech. Hence Ariftotle, Tully, Quintilian, &c. lay downmany rules as to the best manner of intermixing dactyles, fpondees, anapefts, &c in order to have the numbers perfect. The fubftance of what they have faid is reducible to what follows. 1. The ftyle becomes numerous by the alternate difpofition and temperature of long and fhort fyllables, fo as that the multitude of short ones neither render it too hafty, nor that of long ones too flow and languid: fometimes, indeed, long and fhort fyllables are thrown together defignedly, without any fuch mixture, to paint the flowness or celerity verfes of Virgil: of any thing by that of the numbers; as in thefe Illi inter fefe magna vi brachia tollunt; and Radit iter liquidum, celeres neque commovet alas. 2. The ftyle becomes numerous, by the intermixing words of one, two, or more fyllables; whereas the two frequent repetition of monofyllables renders the style pitiful and grating. 3. It contributes greatly to the numeroufnefs of a period, to have it clofed by magnificent and well-founding words. 4. The numbers depend not only on the nobleness of the words in the clofe, but of those in the whole tenor of the period. 5. To have the period flow eafily and equally, the harsh concurrence of letters and words is to be ftudioufly avoided; particularly the frequent meeting of rough confonants; the beginning the first fyllable of a word with the laft of the preceding; the frequent repetition of the fame letter or fyllable; and the frequent ufe of the like ending words. Laftly, the utmost care is to be taken, left, aiming at ora torical numbers, you should fall into poetical ones, and inftead of profe, write verfe. * NUMBERER. n. f. [from number.] He who numbers. * NUMBERLESS. adj. [from number.] Innumerable; more than can be reckoned. There cannot be thofe numberless offences X |