an army in Africa, in order to lay fiege to Carthage, without imparting to Mafiniffa their defign. This not a little chagrined him, as it was contrary to the former practice of the Romans; who, in the preceding war, had communicated their intentions to him, and confulted him on all occafions. When, therefore, the confuls applied to him for a body of his troops to act in concert with their forces, he answered, "That they should have a reinforcement when they stood in need of it." It could not but be provoking to him, that after he had extremely weakened the Carthaginians, and even brought them to the brink of ruin, his pretended imperious friends fhould come to reap the fruits of his victory, without giving him the leaft intelligence of it. However, his mind foon returned to its natural bias, in favour of the Romans. Finding his end approaching, he fent to Emilianus, then a tribune in the Roman army, to defire a visit from him. What he proposed by this vifit, was to inveft him with full powers to difpofe of his kingdom and estate as he should think proper, for the benefit of his children. The high idea he had entertained of that young hero's abilities and integrity, together with his gratitude and affection for the family into which he was adopted, induced him to take this ftep. But, believing that death would not permit him to have a perfonal conference with Emilianus upon this fuhject, he informed his wife and children in his laft moments, that he had empowered him to difpofe in an abfolute manner of all his poffeffions, and to divide his kingdom amongft his fons. To which he fubjoined, "I require, that whatever Emilianus may decree, fhall be executed as punctually as if I myself had appointed it by my will." Having uttered these words he expired. (See MASINISSA.) This prince, during his youth, had met with ftrange reverses of fortune. However, fays Appian, being fupported by the Divine protection, he enjoyed an uninterrupted courfe of profperity for a long feries of years. His kingdom extended from Mauritania to the western confines of Cyrenaica; whence it appears, that he was one of the most powerful princes of Africa. Many of the inhabitants of this vaft tract he civilized, teaching them to cultivate their foil, and to reap thofe natural advantages which the fertility of their country offered them. He was of a more robuft habit of body than any of his cotemporaries, being bleffed with the greatest health and vigour; which was doubtlefs owing to his temperance. Nothing can better evince the ftrength of his conftitution, than the age of his youngest fon, Stembal, who was only four years old at his decease. Though above 90 years of age, he performed all the exercises used by young men, and always rode without a faddle. Pliny tells us, that he reigned above 60 years. He was an able commander, and greatly facilitated the reduction of Carthage. Suidas relates, that to the laft he could mount his horfe without affiftance. According to Appian, he left a numerous well-difciplined army, and an immenfe quantity of wealth, behind him. Mafinilla, before his death, gave his ring to his eldest fon Micipfa; but left the diftribution of all his other effects and poffeffions amongst his children entirely to Emilianus. Of 54 fons that furvived him, only three were legitimate, to wit, Micipfa, Guluffa, and Maftanabal. Emilianus, arriving at Cirta after he had expired, divided his kingdom, or rather the government of it, amongst thefe three, though to the others he gave confiderable poffeffions. To Micipfa, the eldeft, who was of a pacific disposition, he affigned Citra, the metropolis, for the place of his refidence, in exclufion of the others. Guluffa, the next to him, being a prince of a military genius, had the command of the army, and the tranfacting of all affairs relating to peace or war. And Maftanabal, the youngeft, had the adminiftration of justice, an employment fuitable to his education, allotted him. They enjoyed in common the immenfe treasures Mafinissa had amaffed, and were all of them dignified by Emilianus with the royal title. After he had made thefe difpofitions, he departed from Cirta, taking with him a body of Numidian troops, under the conduct of Guluffa, to reinforce the Roman army that was then acting against the Carthaginians. (8.) NUMIDIA, HISTORY OF, TO THE DEATH OF MICIPSA. Maftanabal and Guluffa died foon after their father. The latter had continued to affift the Romans in the third Punic war, and the former was pretty well verfed in the Greek language. Micipfa therefore became fole monarch of Numidia. In his reign, according to Orofius, a great part of Africa was covered with locufts, which deftroyed all the produce of the earth, and even devoured dry wood. But at laft they were all carried by the wind into the African fea, out of which being thrown in vaft heaps upon the fhore, a plague enfued, which swept away an infinite number of animals of all kinds. In Numidia alone 800,000 men perished, and in Africa Propria 200,000; amongst the reft, 30,000 Roman foldiers quartered in and about Utica for the defence of the laft province. At Utica, in particular, the mortality raged to fuch a degree, that 1500 dead bodies were carried out of one gate in a day. Micipfa had two sons, Adherbal and Hiempfal, whom he educated in his palace, together with his nephew Jugurtha. That young prince was the fon of Maftanabal; but his mother having been only a concubine, Mafiniffa had taken no great notice of him. However, Micipfa confidering him as a prince of the blood, took as much care of him as he did of his own children. Jugurtha poffeffed feveral eminent qualities, which gained him univerfal efteem. He was very handfome, endued with great ftrength of body, and adorned with the fineft intellectual endowments. He exercised himself in running, riding, hurling the javelin, and other manly exercises, fuited to the martial genius of the Numidians. The chace was his chief delight; but it was that of lions and other favage beafts. Salluft, to finish his character, tells us, that he excelled in all things, and spoke very little of himself. His talents at first charmed Micipfa, who thought them an ornament to his kingdom. But he soon began to reflect, that he was confiderably advanced in years, and his children in their infancy; that mankind naturally thirft after power, and often stick at nothing to gratify their ambition. These reflections excited his jealousy, and determined him to ex pofe pofe Jugurtha to various dangers, fome of which he hoped, might prove fatal to him. For this purpofe he gave him the command of a body of forces which he fent to affift the Romans, who were then befieging Numantia, But Jugurtha, by his admirable conduct, not only efcaped all danger, but acquired the efteem of the whole army, and Scipio fent a high character of him to his uncle Micipfa, while he alfo gave him fome prudent advice in relation to his future condu&. After his return from Spain the whole nation almoft adored him. The heroic bravery he had fhown there, his undaunted courage, joined to the utmoft calmness of mind, and above all the advantageous teftimonials of his conduct given by Scipio, attracted an univerfal efteem. Micipfa himself, charmed with the high idea the Roman general had entertained of his merit, changed his behaviour towards him; resolving, if poffible, to win his affection by kindness. He therefore adopted him, and declared him joint heir with his two fons to the crown. Finding fome few years afterwards, that his end approached, he fent for all three to his bed-fide; where, in the prefence of the whole court, he defired Jugurtha to recollect with what extreme tenderness he had treated him, and confequently to confider how well he had deferved at his hands. He then intreated him to protect his children on all occafions; who, being before related to him by the ties of blood, were now by their father's bounty become his brethren. To fix him the more firmly in their intereft, he likewise complimented him upon his bravery, addrefs, and confummate prudence. He farther infinuated, that neither arms nor treasures conftitute the ftrength of a kingdom, but friends, who are neither won by arms nor gold, but by real services, and an inviolable fidelity. Then addreffing himself to Adherbal and Hiempfal, "And you (faid he) I enjoin to pay the higheft reverence to Jugurtha. Endeavour to imitate, and if poffible furpafs, his exalted merit, that the world may hot hereafter obferve Micipfa's adopted fon to have reflected greater glory upon his memory than his own children." Spon after, Micipsa, who, according to Diodorus, was a prince of an amiable character, expired. (9.) NUMIDIA, HISTORY OF, TO THE DEFEAT OF JUGURTHA AT THALA. Micipfa's kindness made no impreffion on the mind of the ungrateful Jugurtha. Soon after the old king's death, he found means to affaffinate Hiempfal in the city of Thirmida where his treasures were depofited, and drive Adherbal out of his dominions. That unhappy prince fled to Rome, where he endeavoured to engage the fenate to efpoufe his quarrel; but, notwithstanding the juftice of his caufe, they had not virtue enough to fupport him. Jugurtha's ambassadors, by diftributing vaft fums of money amongst the fenators, brought them fo far over, that a majority palliated his inhuman proceedings. This encouraged thofe minifters to pretend that Hiempfal had been killed by the Numidians on account of his exceffive cruelty, and that Adherbal was the aggreffor in the late troubles. They therefore intreated the fenate to judge of Jugurtha's behaviour in Africa from his conduct at Numantia, rather than from the fug geftion of his enemies. Upon which the majority of the fenate declared in his favour. A few, however, who were not abandoned to corruption, infifted upon bringing him to condign punishment. But as they could not prevail, he had the beft part of Numidia allotted him, and Adherbal was forced to reft fatisfied with the remainder. Jugurtha, finding now that every thing was venal at Rome, thought he might purfue his towering proje&s without any obstruction from that quarter. He therefore threw off the mafk, and attacked his coufin by open force. As Adherbal was a prince of a pacific difpofition, and in almoft ail refpects the reverfe of Jugurtha, he was by no means a match for him. The latter therefore pillaged his territories, ftormed feveral of his fortreffes, and over ran a great part of his kingdom without oppofition. Adherbal, depending on the friendship of the Romans, which his father in his laft moments affured him would be a ftronger fupport to him than all the troops and treasures in the univerfe, difpatched deputies to Rome to complain of thefe hoftilities. But whilst he loft his time in fending thither fruitlefs deputations, Jugurtha overthrew him in a pitched battle, and foon after shut him up in Cirta. During the fiege of this city, Roman commiffioners arrived there, to perfuade both parties to an accommo. dation; but finding Jugurtha untractable, they returned without fo much as conferring with Adherbal. A fecond deputation, compofed of fenators, with Æmilius Scaurus, prefident of the fenate, at their head, landed some time after at Utica, and fummoned Jugurtha to appear before them. That prince at first feemed to be under dreadful apprehenfions, especially as Scaurus reproached him with his enormous crimes, and threatened him with the resentment of the Romans, if he did not immediately raise the fiege of Cirta. However, the Numidian, by his addrefs, and the irrefiftible power of his gold, fo mollified Scaurus, that he left Adherbal at his mercy. In fine, Jugurtha had at laft Cirta forrendered to him, upon condition only that he should fpare the life of Adherbal. But the merciless tyrant, in violation of the laws of humanity as well as the capitulation, when he had got poffeffion of the town, ordered him to be put to a moft cruel death. The merchants likewife, and all the Numidians in the place capable of bearing arms, he caufed without diftinction to be put to the fword. Every perfon of humanity at Rome was ftruck with horror at the news of this tragical event. Yet all the venal fenators ftill concurred with Jugurtha's minifters in palliating his enormous crimes. Notwithstanding which, the people, excited by Caius Memmins their tribune, who bitterly inveighed against the venality of the fenate, refolved not to let fo flagrant an inftance of villainy go unpunish ed. This induced the Senate likewife to declare their intention to chaftife Jugurtha. For this pur pofe an army was levied to invade Numidia, and the command of it given to the conful Calpur nius Beftin, a perfon of great abilities but of the moft infatiable avarice. Jugurtha being informed of these great preparations, fent his fon to Rome, to avert the impending ftorm, plentifully fupplied with money. But Beftia, in the hopes of great advantages advantages from an invafion of Numidia, defeated the plebeians to inquire into the conduct of thofe all his intrigues, and got a decree passed, ordering perfons by whose affiftance Jugurtha had eluded him and his attendants to depart Italy in ten days, all the decrees of the fenate. This occafioned a unless they were come to deliver up the king him great ferment, which produced a profecution of felf, and all his territories, to the republic. This the guilty fenators, that was carried on for fome decree being notified to them, they returned time with the utmost zeal. Lucius Metellus the without fo much as having entered the gates of conful, during these transactions, had Numidia Rome; and the conful foon after landed with a affigned him for his province, and was appointed powerful army in Africa. For fome time he car- general of the army against Jugurtha. As he ried on the war very brifkly, he reduced feveral perfectly disregarded wealth, the Numidian found ftrong holds, and took many Numidians prisoners. him fuperior to all his offers. To this he joined But upon the arrival of Scaurus, a peace was all the other virtues which conftitute a great granted Jugurtha upon advantageous terms. general; so that Jugurtha found him in all respects That prince coming from Vaca, the place of his inacceffible. He was therefore now forced to rerefidence, to the Roman camp, to confer with gulate his conduct according to the motions of Beftia and Scaurus, and the preliminaries of the Metellus with the greatest caution; and to exert treaty being immediately after fettled between his utmoft bravery. Metellus's lieutenant, being them in private conferences, every body at Rome likewise a person of uncommon merit, the Romans was convinced that the prefident of the fenate reduced VACCA, a large opulent city, and the and the conful had to their avarice facrificed the most celebrated mart in Numidia. They alfo republic. The indignation therefore of the people defeated Jugurtha in a pitched battle; overthrew in general difplayed itself in the strongest manner. Bomilcar, one of his generals, upon the banks of Memmius alfo fired them with his fpeeches. It the Muthullus; and, in fine, forced Jugurtha to was therefore refolved to dispatch the prætor take fhelter in a place rendered almost inacceffible Caffius, a man they could confide in, to Numidia, by rocks and woods. However, Jugurtha exertto prevail upon Jugurtha to come to Rome, ed himself furprisingly, exhibiting the courage, that they might learn from himself which of their abilities, and attention of a confummate general, generals and fenators had been feduced by the to whom defpair adminifters fresh ftrength, and peftilent influence of corruption. Upon his arrival fuggefts new lights. But his troops could not there he bribed one Bæbius Salca, a man of make head against the Romans; they were again great authority amongst the plebeians, but of in- worsted by Marius, though they obliged Metellus fatiable avarice, by whofe affiftance he not only to raise the fiege of Zama. Jugurtha therefore, eluded all the endeavours of the people of Rome finding his country everywhere ravaged, his most to bring him to juftice, but likewife enabled opulent cities plundered, his fortreffes reduced, Bomilcar, one of his attendants, to get Maffiva, his towns burnt, vaft numbers of his fubjects an illegitimate fon of Micipfa, affaffinated in the put to the fword and taken prifoners, began to ftreets of Rome. That young prince was advised think feriously of coming to an accommodation by many Romans of probity, well-wishers to the with the Romans. His favourite, Bomilcar, in family of Mafiniffa, to apply for the kingdom of whom he repofed the highest confidence, but who Numidia; which coming to Jugurtha's ears, he had been gained over by Metellus, obferving this prevented the application by this execrable step. difpofition, perfuaded him to deliver up his eleHowever, he was obliged to leave Italy immedi- phants, money, arms, horfes, and deserters, into ately. Jugurtha had scarce fet foot in Africa, the hands of the Romans. Some of thefe laft, to when he received advice that the fenate had avoid punishment, retired to Bocchus king of annulled the fhameful peace concluded with him Mauritania, and listed in his service. But Metellus by Beftia and Scaurus. Soon after, the conful ordering Jugurtha to repair to Tifidium, a city Albinus transported a Roman army into Numidia. of Numidia, and wait farther directions, and he Flattering himself with the hopes of reducing refufing, hoftilities were renewed with greater fury Jugurtha to reafon, he found himself deceived; for than ever, Fortune now feemed to declare in that crafty prince, by various artifices, fo amufed favour of Jugurtha: he retook Vacca, and mafand impofed upon Albinus, that nothing of facred all the Roman garrifón, except Turpilius moment happened that campaign. His brother the commandant. But foon after a Roman legion Aulus, who fucceeded him in the command of feized again upon it, and treated the inhabitants the army, was still more unfuccefsful; for after with the utmoft feverity. About this time Gauda, a fruitless attempt to befiege Suthel, where the a fon of Maftanabal, whom Micipfa in his will king's treafures were depofited, he marched his had appointed to fucceed if his two legitimate forces into a defile out of which he found it fons and Jugurtha died without iffue, wrote to impoffible to extricate himself. He therefore was the fenate in favour of Marius, who was then enobliged to fubmit to the ignominious ceremony deavouring to fupplant Metellus. Gauda, having of paffing under the Yoke, with all his men, his understanding impaired, fell an easy prey to and to quit Numidia in ten days, to fave his the adulation of Marius. The Roman, foothing troops from immediate deftruction. This fcan- his vanity, affured him, that as he was the next dalous treaty was declared void at Rome, as being heir to the crown, he might depend upon being concluded without the authority of the people. fixed upon the Numidian throne, as foon as The Roman troops retired into Africa Propria, Jugurtha was either killed or taken; and that this which they had now reduced into the form of a muft foon happen, when once he appeared at the Roman province. In the mean time Caius Ma-head of the Roman army with an unlimited commilius Limetanus, tribune of the people, excited miffion. Soon after, Bomilcar and Nabdalsa formVOL. XVI. PART I Y ed ed a defign to aflaate Jugurtha, at the inftiga tion of Metellus; but this being detected, Bomi!car and most of his accomplices fuffered death. The plot however had fuch an effect upon Jugur. tha, that he enjoyed afterwards no tranquillity. He fulpected perfous or all den minations, Numidians as well as foreigners, of fome black defigns against him: Perpetual terrors fat brooding over his mind; he often changed his bed, and his fleep was disturbed by a spirit of fear, jealoufy, and diftraction. Jugurtha having deftroyed great numbers of his friends on fufpicion of their having been concerned in the late confpiracy, and many more deferting to the Romans and Bocchus king of Mauritania, he found himself deftitute of counfellors, generals, and all perfons capable of affisting him in carrying on the war. This threw him into a deep melancholy, which rendered him dif. fatisfied with every thing, and made him fatigue his troops with a variety of contradictory motions. At laft he was forced by Metellus to a battle. That part of the Numidian army which Jugurtha commanded, behaved with resolution; but the other fled at the first onfet. The Romans therefore entirely defeated them, took all their standards, and made a few prifoners. A few were flain in the action, but the majority fled. Metellus pursued Jugurtha and his fugitives to THALA. His march being through vaft deferts, was extreme ly tedious and difficult. But being fupplied with water by the natives, who fubmitted to him, Metellus advanced towards that city; when a copious thower of rain, a phenomenon in thofe defarts, proved a feasonable refreshment to his troops. This fo animated them, that upon their arrival before Thala, they attacked the town with fuch vigour, that Jugurtha, with his family, and treasures deposited therein, thought proper to abandon it. After a brave defence, it was reduced; the garrifon, confifting of Roman deferters, fet ting fire to the king's palace, and consuming them felves with every thing valuable in the flames. (10.) NUMIDIA, HISTORY OF, TO THE DELIVERING UP OF JUGURTHA TO SYLLA. Jugurtha, being now reduced to great extremities, re tired into Catulia, where he formed a confiderable corps. From thence he advanced to the confines of Mauritania; and engaged Bocchus king of that country, who had married his daughter, to enter into an alliance with him. In confequence of which, having reinforced his Gætulian troops with a powerful body of Mauritanians, he turned the tables upon Metellus, and obliged him to keep close within his entrenchments. Salluft informs us, that Jugurtha bribed Bocchus's minifters to influence that prince in his favour; and that having obtained an audience, he infinuated, that, fhould Numidia be fubdued, Mauritania must be involved in its ruin, efpecially as the Romans feemed to have vowed the deftruction of all the thrones in the univerfe. Bocchus was alfo determined to affift Jugurtha against his enemies, by the light the Romans had formerly fhown him. That prince, at the firft breaking out of the war, had fent ambaffadors to Rome, to propose an offenfive and defenfive alliance to the republic; which, though of the utmost confequence to it at that juncture, a few of the molt venal and infa mous fenators prevented from taking effect. This undoubtedly wrought more powerfuly upon Bocchus in favour of Jugurtha, than the relation he stood in to him. Such was the situation of affairs, when Metellus received advice of the promotion of Marius to the confulate. But, notwitftanding this injurious treatment, he generously endeavoured to draw off Bocchus from Jugurtha, though this would facilitate the reduction of Numidia for his rival. To this end ambassadors were dispatched to the Mauritanian court, who intimated to Bocchus, "That it would be highly imprudent to come to a rupture with the Romans, and that he had now a fine opportunity of concluding a most advantageous treaty with them," &c. To this Bocchus replied, "That there was nothing be wifhed for more than peace, but that he could not help pitying the deplorable condition of Jugurtha; that if the Romans, therefore, would grant that prince the fame terms they had offered him, he would bring about an accommodation." Metellus let the Mauritanian monarch know, that it was not in his power to comply with what he defired. However, he took care to keep up private negociation with him till Marius's arrival. By this conduct he served two ends; 1ft, he prevented Bocchus from coming to a general action with his troops, as Jugurtha wifhed; and 2dly, this inaction enabled him to difcoyer fomething of the genius and difpofition of the Moors; a nation of whom the Romans had scarce formed any idea. Jugurtha, being informed that Marius, with a numerous army, was landed at Utica, advised Bocchus to retire, with part of the troops, to fome place of difficult accefs, whilft be himself took poft upon another inacceffible spot with the remaining corps. By this measure, he hoped the Romans would be obliged to divide their forces, and thus be more exposed to his attacks. However, he was difappointed, for Marius cut off great numbers of the Gætulian marauders, defeated many of Jugurtha's parties, and had almost taken that prince himself near Cirta. These advantages intimidated Bocchus, who now made overtures for an accommodation; but the Romans paid no attention to them. In the mean time Marius pushed on his conquefts, reducing feveral places, and at laft refolved to befiege Capfa. That this enterprise might be conducted with the greater fecrecy, he fuffered not the leaft hint of his defign to transpire, not even among his officers. To blind them, he detached A. Manlius, one of his lieutenants, with fome light armed cohorts, to the city of Lares, where he had fixed his principal magazine, and depofited the military cheft. He then bent his march towards the Tanais, and in fix days arrived upon its banks; where he pitched his tents to refresh his troops; after which he advanced to Capfa, and made himself mafter of it. As the fituation of this city rendered it extremely commodious to Jugurtha, whofe operations during the war, it had exceedingly favoured, he delivered it up to the foldiers to be plundered and levelled with the ground. The citizens, being more strongly attached to that prince than any of the other Numidians, and of courfe bearing a more implacable hatred to the Romans, he put to the fword or fold fold for flaves. The Numidians, ever after this exploit, dreaded the very name of Marius; who now, in his own opinion, had eclipsed the glory of all his predeceffor's great achievements, particularly the reduction of Thala, a city, in ftrength and fituation, nearly resembling Capfa. Most of the places of ftrength in Numidia either opened their gates, or were abandoned at his approach, being terrified with what had happened to Capfa, Others, taken by storm, he laid in afhes; and in fhort, filled the most part of Numidia with blood, horror, and confufion. Then, after an obftinate defence, he reduced a caftle that seemed impregnable, feated near Mulucha, where Jugurtha kept part of his treasures. In the mean time, Jugurtha not being able to prevail upon. Bocchus to advance into Numidia, was obliged to have recourfe to his ufual method of bribing the Mauritanian minifters. He alfo promised him a 3d part of his kingdom, provided they could either drive the Romans out of Africa, or get all the Numidian dominions confirmed to him by treaty. So confiderable a ceffion prevailed on Bocchus to fupport Jugurtha with his whole power. The two African monarchs having joined their forces, furprised Marius near Cirta as he was going into winter quarters. The Roman general was fo pufhed on this occafion, that the barbarians thought them. felves certain of victory; but their incaution enabled Marius to give them a defeat; which was followed 4 days after by so complete an overthrow, that their numerous army, confifting of 90,000 men, by the acceffion of a corps of Moors, under Bocchus's fon, Volux, was entirely ruined. Sylla, Marius's lieutenant, moft eminently diftinguished himself in the laft action, which laid the foundation of his greatnefs. Bocchus, now looking up on Jugurtha's condition as defperate, and not be ing willing to run the risk of lofing his dominions, fhowed a difpofition to clap up a peace with Rome. However, the Romans told him, that he could not be ranked amongst their friends, till he had delivered up Jugurtha, their inveterate enemy. Bocchus having entertained an high idea of an alliance with Rome, refolved to fecure it; and was confirmed in his refolution by Dabar, a Numidian prince, the fon of Maffugrada, and defcended by his mother from Mafiniffa. Being clofely attached to the Romans, and extremely agreeable to Bocchus, he defeated all the intrigues of Afpar, Jugurtha's minifter. Upon Sylla's arrival at the Mauritanian court, the affair there feemed to be entirely fettled. However, Bocchus, who was in the highest degree perfidious, debated within himself, whether he should facrifice Sylla or Jugurtha, who were both then in his power. The fudden changes in his countenance, his air, and his whole perfon, fhowed how ftrongly his mind was agitated. But at laft he delivered up Jugurtha to Sylla, to be conducted to Marius; who, by that fuccefsful event, happily terminated this dangerous war. (See JUGURTHA.) (11.) NUMIDIA, HISTORY OF, TO THE TOTAL CONQUEST OF IT BY THE ROMANS. The kingdom of Numidia was now reduced to a new form: Bocchus, for his important fervices, had the country of the Mafæfyli contiguous to Mauritania, affigned him; which, from this time, took the name of New Muuritumā Ayumidia Propria, or the country of the Maffyli, was divided into three parts; one of which was given to Hiempfal, another to Mandrestal, both descendants of Mafiniffa; and the third the Romans annexed to Africa Propria, or the Roman Province adjacent to it. Jugurtha's two fous furvived him, but spent their lives in captivity at Venufia. However, one of them named OXYNTAS, was releafed from his confinement by Aponius who befieged Acerræ in the war between the Romans and the Italian allies, and brought him to his army, where he treated him as king, to draw the Numidian forces off from the Roman fervice. Accordingly those Numidians no fooner heard that the fon of their king was fighting for the allies, than they began to defert by companies; which obliged Junus Cæfar to fend all his Numidian cavalry back into Africa. A few years after this event, Pompey defeated Creius Domitius Ahenobarbus, and Hiarbas one of the kings of Numidia, killing 17,000 of their men upon the fpot; pursued the fugitives to their camp, which he foon forced, put Domitius to the fword, and took Hiarbas prifoner. He then reduced that part of Numidia which belonged to Hiarbas, who had fucceeded Mandreftal, and gave it to Hiempfal, a Numidian prince, defcended from Malinifla, who had always opposed the Marian faction. Suetonius informs us, that a difpute happened between Hiempfal and one Mafintha, a noble Numidian, when Julius Cæfar first began to make a figure in the world; that Cæfar warmly efpoufed the caufe of Mafintha, and grofsly infulted Juba, Hiempfa's fon, when he attempted to vindicate his father's conduct on this occation. He pulled him by the beard, than which a more unpardonable affront could not be offered to an African. In short, he fcreened Mafintha from the infults and violence of his enemies; which was the reason of Juba's adhering fo closely afterwards to the Pompeian faction. In confequence of this indignity, Juba did Cæfar great damage in the civil wars betwixt him and Pompey. By a ftratagem he drew Curio, one of his lieutenants, into a general action, which it was his intereft to have avoided. He caufed it to be given out all over Africa Propria and Numidia, that he was retired into fome remote country at a great diftance from the Roman territories. This coming to Curio's ears, who was then befieging Utica, it prevented him from taking precatitions againft a furprise. Soon after, Curio hearing that a small body of Numidians was approaching his camp, he put himself at the head of his forces to attack them, and left they fhould escape, began his march in the night. Some of their advanced pofts he found alleep, and cut them to pieces; which ftill farther animated him. In fhort, about day break he came up with the Numidians, whom he attacked with great bravery, though his men were then fafting, and vaftly fatigued by their forced march. In the meantime, Juta, who, had marched privately with the main body of his army, advanced to the relief of his men. The Romans had met with great refiftance before he appeared; fo that he eafily broke them, killed Curio, with a great part of his troops, upon the fpot, purfued the reft to their camp, which he Y 2 plun |