ditto, in Saxe-Coburg, 6 miles NE. of Coburg : 14. in Silefia, in Oppein, 14 miles SE. of Neiffe: 15. in Weftphalia, 25 miles E. of Cologn, and 26 SE of Borne: 16. in Wolfenbuttel, 25 miles SE. of Goflar.

(23.) NEUSTADT, a town of Sweden, in Finland. (1.) NEUSTATT, a town of Naffau Dillenburg.

(2.) NEUSTATT. See NEUSTADT, N° 6. NEUSTRIA, the ancient name of NORMANDY, before it was ceded to Rollo by Charles the Simple. See FRANCE, 20.

(1) NEUTEICH, a town of Pruffia, in Culm. (2. NEUTEICH. a town of Silefia, in Oels. (1.) * NEUTER. adj. [neuter, Latin; neutre, French.] 1. Indifferent; not engaged on either fidc.-The general divifion of the British nation is into whigs and tories; there being very few, if any, who stand neuter in the difpute. Addijon. 2. [In grammar.] A noun that implies no fex.-The adjectives are neuter, and animal must be underfood. Dryden.-A verb neuter is that which fignifies neither action nor paffion, but fome state or condition of being; as, fedeo, I fit. Clarke

(2.) NEUTER. 7. J. One indifferent and difengaged.-The learned heathens may be looked upon as neuters in the matter, when all these prophecies were new to them, and their education had left the interpretation of them. indifferent. Addifon.

(3.) NEUTER NOUNS, thofe which are neither mafculine nor feminine. See GENDER. In Eng dish, and other modern tongues, there are no neuter nouns. See NoUN.

(4.) NEUTER VERES, by fome grammarians called intranfitive verbs, are thofe which govern nothing, and that are neither active nor paffive. See VERB. When the action expreffed by the verb has no object to fall upon, but the verb alone fupplies the whole idea of the action, the verb is faid to be neuter as I fleep, thou yawneft, he facezes, we walk, ye run, they ftand ftill. Some divide neuter verbs into, 1. Such as do not fignify any action, but a quality; as albet, it is white; or a fituation, as fedet, he fits: or have fome relation to place; as adeft, he is prefent; or to fome other flate or attribute, as regnat, he rules, &c. And, 2. Those that do fignify actions, though fuch as do not país into any fubject different from the actor; as to dine, to fup, to play, &c. But this ft kind fometimes cease to be neuter, and commence active; efpecially in Greek and Latin, when a fubject is given them: as, vivere vitam, ambulare viam, pugnare pugnam. Thus the old French poets fay, Soupirer fon tourment; the Englifh, to figh bis oes, &c. But this only obtains where fomething particular is to be expressed, not contained in the verb: as, vivere vitam beatam, to ve a happy life; pugnare bonam pugnam, to fight a good fight, &c. According to the abbot Danceau, neuter verbs may be divided into adive and paffive; the first, thofe that form their tenfes in English, by the auxiliary verb to have; in French, Ly avoir. The fecond, thofe that form them in English with the verb to be; in French etro- Thus to sleep, to yawn, dormir and eternuer, are neuters active.-To come, and to arrive, are potters paffive.

(1.) * NEUTRAL. adj. [neutral, French.] 1. Indifferent; not acting; not engaged on either fide.

Who can be wife, amaz'd, temp'rate and furious,

Loyal and neutral, in a moment? No man.

Shakefp.

He no fooner heard that king Henry was fettled by his victory, but forthwith he fent ambaffadors unto him, to pray that he would ftand neutral. Bacon.-The allies may be supplied for money, from Denmark and other neutral ftates. Addifon. 2. Indifferent; neither good nor bad.

Some things good and fome things ill do feem, And neutral fome, in her fantastic eye. Davies. 3. Neither acid for alkaline.—Salts which are neither acid nor alkaline, are called neutral. Arbuthnots

(2.) * NEUTRAL. n. f. One who does not ac nor engage on either fide. The treacherous who have mifled others, and the neutrals and the falfe-hearted friends and followers, who have started afide like a broken ›bow, are to be noted. Bacon.

(3.) NEUTRAL SALTS, among chemifts, thofe compounded of an acid with any other fubftance capable of uniting with it and destroying its aciditys Thofe in which the acid is faturated with an earth or a metal are called imperfect, but those in which a pure alkali is employed are called perfect neutrals, See CHEMISTRY, Index

(1.) * NEUTRALITY. n. f. [nutralite, French.] 1. a ftate of indifference; of neither friendship nor hoftility. Men who poffefs a ftate of neutrality in times of public danger, defert the interest of their fellow-fubjects. Addison. A

The king, late griefs revolving in his mind, These reasons for neutrality affign'd, '\ Garth. All pretences to neutrality are justly exploded, only intending the safety and ease of a few individuals, while the publick is embroiled. This was the opinion and practice of the latter Cato. Swift. 2. A ftate between good and evil.—

There is no health physicians fay, that we At beft enjoy but a neutrality. Donne (2.) NEUTRALITY, ARMED. See. ENGLAND, 1oz.

* NEUTRALLY, adri. [from neutral.] Indif ferently; on either part.

NEUVE-LIRE, a town of France, in the dep. of the Eure; 15 miles NNW. of Verneuil. ́. (1.) NEUVIE, a town of France, in the dep. of Correze: 10 miles S. of Uffel, and 22 NE. of Tulles.

(2.) NEUVIE, a town of France, in the dep. of Dordogne, 12 miles SW. of Perigueux.

(1.) NEUVILLE, a town of Switzerland, in Bafle; 7 miles SSW. of Bienne and 9 NE. of Neuchatel. In 1367, it held out a fiege of 10 days against the Bernete, and afterwards entered into a league with them. In 1530 the inhabitants declared for the reformation, and have ever fince adhered to it.

(2-7.) NEUVILLE, 8 towns of France; viz. I in the dep. of the Aube, on the Seine, 4 miles S. of Bar: 2. in that of Oife, 9 miles NE. of Clermont: 3. in that of Rhone and Loire, 6 miles N. of Lyons: 4. in that of the Straits of Calais, on

the

the Canche, oppofite Montreuil: 5. in that of Vienne, 6 miles S. of Mirebeau: 6. in that of Upper Marne, 8 miles E. of St Didier :(8.) NEUVILLE AU PONT, in the depart. of Marne, 3 miles NW. of St Menehould:

(9) NEUVILLE AUX BOIS, in the dep. of Loiret, 12 miles N. of Orleans, and ro SW. of Pithiviers.

(1.) NEUVILLER, a town of France, in the dep. of the Lower Rhine, 15 miles W. of Haguenau.

(2.) NEUVILLER, a town of France, in the dep. of Meurthe, 7 miles E. of Vezelize, and SW. of Luneville.

(1-5.) NEUVY, 6 towns of France: 1. in the dep, of the Cher, 164 miles NNW. of Bourges: 2. in that of Indre, 9 miles W. of Chatre: 3. in that of Indre and Loire, (ci-devant Le Roy,) 13 miles N. of Tours; 4. in that of Nievre, 7 miles N. of Cofne: 5. in that of Yonne, 191⁄2 miles SW. of Troyes :

(6.) NEUVY PAILLOU, in the dep. of Indre; 7 miles SW. of Iffoudun, and 74 NW. of Chateauroux.

NEUWALD, a town of Silefia, in Nieffe.

NEUWIED, or NEW WIED, a neat trading town of Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia, and county of Wied Runkel, on the E. bank of the Rhine, 4 miles below Coblentz. It has a good harbour, and generally about 20 fhips in it. It was taken by the French under Gen. Ernouf, on the 7th July 1796, after a bloody battle: and on the 21st Oct. 1796, the Auftrians were again defeated by the French, at the bridge of this town, with the lofs of 4000 men.

*

(1.) NEW. adj. [newyd, Welth; neoth, Sax. neuf, Fr. 1. Not old; trefh; lately produced, made or had; novel. New is ufed of things, and young of perfons.—

What's the newest grief?—

-That of an hour's age doth hifs the speaker; Each minute teems a new one.

Shak. 2. Not being before.-Can we ever know more, unless fomething new be discovered? Burnet. 3. Modern; of the present time.-Whoever converfes much among old books, will be fomething hard to please among new. Temple. 4. Different from the former.-Steadfaftly purposing to lead a new life. Common Prayer. 5. Not antiquated; having the effect of novelty.

These ever new, nor subject to decays, Spread and grow brighter with the length of days. Pope.

6. Not habituated; not familiar.-Such affemblies, though had for religion's fake, may ferve the turn of heretics, and fuch as privily will inftil their poifon into new minds. Hooker.

Seiz'd with wonder and delight,

Gaz'd all around me, new to the transporting fight. Dryden. Twelve mules, a ftrong laborious race, New to the plough, unpractis'd in the trace. Pope. 7. Renovated; repaired, fo as to recover the firft ftate.-Men, after long emaciating diets, wax plump, fat, and almoft nesu. Bacon. 8. Fresh after any thing.

Nor dare we truft so soft a messenger,

New from her fickness to that northern air. Dryden 9. Not of ancient extraction.-A fuperior capacity for bufinefs, and a more extensive knowledge, are steps by which a new man often mounts to favour, and outshines the rest of his contemporaries. Addifon.

(2.) * NEW. adv. This is, I think, only used in compofition for newly, which the following examples may explain.-As foon as the had written them, a new fwarm of thoughts ftinging her mind, he was ready with her foot to give the new-born letters both to death and burial. Sidney.-Cod hath not then left this to chufe that, neiber would reject that to chuse this, were it not for fome new-grown occafion, making that which hath been better worse. Hooker

"

So dreadfully he towards him did pafs, Forelifting up aloft his fpeckled breaft, And often bounding on the bruifed grafs, As for great joyance of his new-come gueft.

The new created world, which fame in heav'n Long had foretold. Milton.

His evil Thou ufeft, and from thence creat'ft more good, Witnefs this negu-made world. Milton.

All in that new-blown age which does infpire Warmth in themfelves, in their beholders fire. Cowley.

That it should always run them into fuch a machine as is already extant, and not often into fome new-fashioned one, fuch as was never feen before, no reason can be affigned or imagined. Ray on the Creation. This English edition is not fo properly a tranflation, as a new compofition, there being feveral additional chapters in it, and feveral new-moulded. Burnet.-New-found land

accrue to the prince whose subject makes the first difcovery. Burnet.

Let this be nature's frailty, or her fate, Or Ifgrim's counsel, her new chofen mate Dryd. Shewn all at once you dazzled fo our eyes, As new-born Pallas did the gods furprife; When fpringing forth from Jove's new-clofing wound,

She ftruck the warlike fpear into the ground. Dryden. A bird nequ-made, about the banks fhe plies, Not far from shore. Dryden.

Our house has fent to-day T'infure our nego-built veffel, call'd a play. Dryden.

Then curds and cream,

And neau-laid eggs, which Baucis' bufy care Turn'd by a gentle fire. Dryden. When pleading Matho, borne abroad for air, With his fat paunch fills his new-fashion'd chair. Dryden., A new-form'd faction does your power oppofe,

The fight's confus'd:

Dryden. If thou ken'ft from far Among the Pleiads a new-kindled ftar. Dryden. -If we confider new born children, we fhall have little reafon to think that they bring many ideas into the world with them. Locke.

Drummers with vellom-thunder shake the pile To greet the new-made bride. Gay. Ah Blouzelind! I love thee more by half, Than does their fawns, or cows the new-fall'n calf. Gay. -The proctor exhibits his proxy from the dean and chapter, and prefents the new-elected bishop to the vicar-general. Ayl.

The new-fallen young here bleating for their dams. Pope. Learn all the new-fashion'd words and oaths. Swift. (3.) NEW, in geography, a river of N. Carolina, which rifes from North Eaft Swamp, in Ouflow county, and runs through a fertile tract into the Sea. It abounds with mullets.

(r.) NEWABBEY, an ancient abbey of Ireland, near Kilcullen bridge, in the county of Kildare, and prov. of Leinster. It was founded by Row. land Euftace, of a great and ancient family in this county; the tower is ftill ftanding, and fome part of the abbey; the ruins of the reft have contributed to build several dwellings near it. In the infide Rowland Euftace and his lady lie buried; their figures, clothed in armour, are to be feen there. Near this is a handfome feat of the Carter. family, on the oppofite fide of the Liffey.

(2.) NEWABBEY, a parish of Scotland, in Kirkcudbrightshire, anciently called Kirkinnar, or the Church among the Oaks; affording a fine profpect of the English coaft, Solway Firth, &c. It is 8 miles long and 24 broad, containing 7810 Scots acres; whereof 20co are arable, 500 meadow ground, 250 under plantations, 60 under natural wood, and 5000 hill, moor, and mofs. Hence the furface and foil are various. The low grounds along the Nith are inclosed and highly improved; the foil a light loam; that of the high grounds a

cold till, but both fertile; producing all the ufual crops to the amount of L.6613 yearly, great part of which is exported. The climate is healthy. The population, in 1790, was 649; increase 15, fince 1755; number of sheep, 3500; and of black cattle 1000. High multures ftill retard improvements. There are 3 small lakes in the parish.

(3.) NEWABBEY, a village in the above parish, adjoining to the ruins of an ancient Ciftertian abbey, which gave name to it, and which was founded in the 12th century, by Dervigilla, daughter of Alan lord of Galloway, wife of John Baliol lord of Caftle-Bernard, and mother of John Baliol, King of Scotland. It was firft named Abbey of Sweet-Heart, from her husband's heart being embalmed, inclofed in a box of ivory mounted with filver, and built into the wall of the church. The abbey is a lofty Gothic building; its church is 194 feet long, 102 broad at the cross and 66 at each end; the tower is above go feet high. The village contained 210 inhabitants in 1790.

NEW ABERDEEN. See ABERDEEN, N° 2. (1.) NEWARK, a town of New Jersey, capîtal of Effex county, built in 1662, near the mouth of the Pafaick. It has 3 churches, an academy, 9 tanneries, a cyder distillery, and an extenfive thoe manufactory, to the amount of 60,000 pairs annually. It has alfo fome valuable stone quarries. It is 9 miles W. of New York, and 86 NE. of Philadelphia. Lon. 75. 12. W. Lat. 40. 32. N. (2.) NEWARK, a town of Delaware in Newcastle county, 9 miles W. of Newcastle.

(3.) NEWARK, a township of Vermont in Effex county.

(4.) NEWARK, a town of Upper Canada, oppofite Niagara.

(5.) NEWARK, a barony of Scotland, in Renfrewfhire, united to PORT GLASGOW. (6.) NEWARK, or

a town of NottingNEWARK UPON TRENT, Shamshire, a great thoroughfare on the York road, 124 miles from London. It has bridges over the Trent, which forms an island here, by dividing itself into two ftreams, two miles above the town, which meet again two miles below it. A magnificent caftle was built here in the reign of King Stephen, which held out ftoutly in the barons wars for King John, who died here, Oct. 19th 1216. On the 21ft March 1544, the royalifts under Pr. Rupert were defeated by the parliament's army under Sir John Meldrum. The town, however, ftood out for K. Charles I. to the laft; but after he had put himfelf into the hands of the Scots army then before it, the governor by his order furrendered it, after which the castle was demolished.-It was fituated near the river; the walls of the towers are very thick, and of a very great height: and were formerly of great importance. In the court before these ruins is a fine bowling green, and near it a manufactory of facking. The town being fubject to inundations from the Trent, and thus often rendered impaffable, a turnpike-road was made about 30 years ago, fo high as to be paffed with fafety in the greatest floods, by arches of brick made in feveral places to carry off the water, conftructed by Mr Smeaton, at the expence of L. 12,000. Near the town there is a bridge con

ftructed

Welch name is RHOSSIR, or Rhofvair. Its mar kets are on Tuesday; and its fairs on the 22d June, Aug. 10th and 21ft, Sept. 25th, and Nov. 11th. Lon. 4. 27. W. Lat. 53. 10. N.

(2.) NEWBOROUGH, a town of Ireland, in Wexford, 21 miles N. of Wexford, and 39 S. of Dublin.

ftructed for the fame purpose, moftly upon dry land, confifting of 9 arches. It has a neat though fmall new ftreet, and a market-place handfome, though not spacious. Its church, which is reck oned one of the fineft in the kingdom, was built by Henry VI, and has a lofty fpire. It was incorporated by King Charles II. under a mayor and 12 aldermen. The fame king, for its loyalty to his father, gave it the privilege of sending members to parliament. It has a good trade in corn, cattle, wool, &c. and has a charity-school for 36 boys. Its market is on Wednesday; fairs on the Friday before Paffion-Sunday, May 14th, WhitTuefday, Aug. 12th, Nov. 1ft, and Monday be. fore Dec. 11th. It had an abbey of Auguftine friars. A free-fchool was founded here, endowed with the lordship of Everton in this county; and the vicar of Newark, and the brethrrn of the Trinity-guild, were made perpetual trustees. Many Roman urns and other antiquities have been found about this town. It is 17 miles NE. by E. of Nottingham, and 124 N. by W. of London. Lon. 0.43. W. Lat. 53. 6. N.

NEW ATHENS, or TIOGA POINT, a town of Pennsylvania, in Luzerne county, on the cape formed by the conflux of the Tioga and Sufquehannah, 3 miles S. of the New York Line, and 14 SW. of Ofwego. Lon. 76. 32. W. Lat. 41.

54. N.

(1.) NEWBATTLE, a parish of Mid Lothian, of a triangular form, 4 miles long and 4 broad. The furface and foil are various; and the extremes of fertility and barrennefs border on each other. Coals and lime-ftone abound. The population in 1793 was 1295; decrease 144, fince 1755.

(2.) NEWBATTLE, a village in the above parish, 7 miles S. of Edinburgh, and one of Dalkeith. Near it lies Newbattle Abbey, the feat of the Marquis of Lothian, a large modern building erected on the fide of an ancient Ciftertian Abbey founded by K. David I. Its library contains feve ral beautiful ancient MSS. on vellum, highly illuminated.

NEW BEDFORD, a town and township of Maffachusetts in Bristol county, 13 miles long, and 4 broad, 58 miles S. of Bofton. During the war in 1778, it fuffered damage to the amount of L. 97,000. It is now flourishing, and had 3313 citizens in 1795. It is one mile from Fairhaven, and 357 NE. by E. of Philadelphia.

(1.) NEWBERN, a maritime district of N. Carolina, bounded from W. to E. by thofe of Wilmington, Fayette, Hillsborough, Halifax, and Edenton; and E. and SE. by the Atlantic: containing 39,640 citizens, and 15,900 flaves in 1795.

(2.) NEWBERN, the capital of the above district, is feated in Craven county, at the conflux of the Neus and Trent. It contains above 400 houses. NEWBIGGIN, a town of Northumberland on the E. coaft, 7 miles E. of Morpeth.

NEWBLISS, a town of Ireland, in Monaghan, Ulfter.

NEWBORN. See NEWBURN, N° 3.

(1.) NEWBOROUGH, or NEWBURGH, a town of N. Wales, in the Ifle of Anglefey, 257 miles from London, fituated over againft Caernarvon, about 15 miles SW. of Beaumaris. It is governed by a mayor, two bailiffs, and a recorder.

Its

NEWBOTTLE. See NEWBATTLE, N° 1 & 2. NEWBRIDGE, 4 towns of Ireland, in the counties of Cork, Kildare, Limeric, and Wicklow. NEW BRITAIN. See BRITAIN, N° III. and IV. NEWBURG. See NEUBURG, N° 1-9. (1.) NEWBURGH, a parish of Scotland, in Fifeshire, of which it is the NW. boundary. The Tay washes it on the N. The climate is cold but healthy; the foil various but fertile; producing good crops of oats, barley, wheat, and beans. The population in 1793 was 1664; increase 317 fince 1755. The only antiquities are two rude ancient monuments, called the croffes of Mugdrum and Macduff; and the ruins of the abbey of Lindores. 2. NEWBURGH, a royal burgh in the above parish, erected by Charles I, in 1631; confifting of one long ftreet on the S. bank of the Tay, with fuburbs at each end, and a lane leading to the fhore. Many of the houfes have been lately rebuilt. Weaving of Silefias, Ofnaburgs, and brown linens, is the chief manufacture. It has fairs on the 3d Friday in June, and the 25th Nov. O. S. On the fhore are 3 continuous piers, projecting into the Tay, which form very safe stations for veffels employed in the trade on the river; many of which unload part of their cargoes here before they proceed up to Perth. A trade in wood and iron is alfo carried on at the fhore; and wheat, barley, and malt, are exported to Edinburgh and Glafgow. Newburgh is 8 miles N. of Falkland, and to SE. of Perth.

(3.) NEWBURGH, a village of Aberdeenshire, in the parish of Foveran, at the mouth of the Ythan, half way between Aberdeen and Peterhead, formerly containing 200 inhabitants and seven fishing boats, but now only one boat, and not above 100 people. Though fituated in a good corn country, in a commodious fituation for importing lime, coals, &c. and exporting grain, it has been moft unaccountably neglected.

(4.) NEWBURGH. See NEWBOROUGH, N° 1. (1.) NEWBURN, a parish of Fifefhire, on Largo Bay, in the Frith of Forth, 34 miles long, and 2 broad. The foil is very fertile, and produces excellent crops of wheat, turnips, potatoes, &c. The land is moftly all inclofed. The population, in 1794, was 456; increafe 18 fince 1755. The fchool is in confiderable reputation. The CULDEES, the firft regular clergy in Scotland, had a church in this parish fo early as the reign of Malcolm Canmore. Hungus, king of the Picts, was their benefactor; and Brude, the laft Pictish monarch, gave them Loch-leven; and Malcolm and his queen St Margaret gave them the village of Balchriftie in this parish.

(2.) NEWBURN, a town in the above parish, 8 miles SSW. of St Andrews.

(3.) NEWBURN UPON TYNE, a village of Northumberland, 6 miles W. of Newcastle, and 272 N. of London; chiefly inhabited by miners. In 1640, a part of the royal army under lord Con.