Fir'd with her love, and with ambition led, The neighb❜ring princes court her nuptial bed. Dryden.

Let our eternal peace be seal'd by this, With the first ardour of a nuptial kifs. Dryd. · (2.) NUPTIAL BENEDICTION. See BENEDIC TION, $5.

and topazes the bufkins covered with plates of gold the gloves embroidered; the apple, the golden fceptre, and fword. The ancient custom of the empire is, that the emperor is bound to affemble in this city the first diet that he holds after his election and coronation. These regalia served. also the emperor Leopold, when he went thither after his election, to receive the homage of the city. The fmall river PEGNITZ, which runs through it, and those of Rednitz and Schwarzack, which pass by its walls, furnish the inhabitants, befides other advantages, with the means of making all forts of ftuffs, dyes, and other manufactures and toys of wood, ivory, and metal, which are exported even as far as the Indies. The city is large and well built. Its fortifications are a triple wall of hewn ftone, flanked with towers mount

(4.) NUPTIALS. n. f. like the Latin without fingular. (nuptiæ, Lat.] 1. Marriage

My better nuptials, which, in fpite of fate, For ever join me to my dear Morat. Dryd. 2. It is in Shakespeare fingular, but contrarily to ufe.

Lift up your countenance, as 'twere the day Of celebration of that nuptial, which We two have fworn fhall come. Shak. W. Tale, NUR, a town and mountain of Bukharia, 100 miles NNE. of Bukharia.

(1.) NURA, a river of Italy, which runs into the Po, 6 miles NE. of Placentia.

(2.) NURA, a river of Ruffia, which runs into Lake Kargaldzin.

(1.) NUREMBERG, a country of Germany, and circle of Franconia, which is confiderably extenfive, containing, befides two confiderable forefts of pine, called the Sibald and Laurence Forefts, 5 towns, and above soo villages, and 160 miles on the Pegnitz. Part of this territory, particularly the capital, with its suburbs, and the cities of Wendthein and Weiffemberg, were claimed upon a pretended right of 200. years old, and feized by the K. of Pruffia, in fummer 1796, during the fuccefs of the French; but in autumn following, upon their being repulfed by the Auftrians, he with drew his troops, and evacuated these territories.

(2.) NUREMBERG, OF NUREMBURG, an ancient imperial city of Germany, capital of the above territory, as well as of Franconia, feated on the Pegnitz, over which it has feveral bridges, both of wood and stone, at the bottom of a hill. It is thought by fome to be the SEGODUNUM, and by others the CASTRUM NORICUM, of the ancients. The city has its name from the hill, upon which ftands this castle, called Caftrum Noricum, round which the city was begun to be built, and where the emperors formerly lodged; and where they lodge ftill, when they pafs by that city. They there preferve, as precious relics, the crown, fceptre, clothes, bufkins, and other ornaments of Charlemagne; particularly a mitred crown, enriched with rubies, emeralds, and pearls; the dalmatic robe of Charlemagne, richly embroidered; the imperial mantle, powdered with embroidered eagles, and its border thick fet with large emeralds, fapphires,

and most of the inhabitants, are Lutherans. There are many elegant churches and chapels in it. In that of St Sebald is a brafs monument of the faint, and a picture, reprefenting the creation, by the celebrated Albert Durer, who was a native: but the fineft church in the town is that of St Giles. In that of the Holy Ghoft are kept moft of the -jewels of the empire, together with the spear with which they pretend our Saviour's fide was pierced, a thorn of his crown, and a piece of the manger wherein he was laid. Here are also many hofpitals, one in particular for pilgrims; with a gymnafium,, an anatomical theatre, a granary, a fine public library, the old imperial fortrefs, fome remains of the old citadel, feveral schools, an academy of painting, a well furnished arsenal, and a mint. Mr Keyfler fays, there are upwards of 500 ftreets in it, about 140 fountains, 16 churches, 44 religious houses, 12 bridges, 10 market-places, and 25,000 inhabitants. The houses are elegant; the streets wide and clean. The trade of this city, though upon the decline, is ftill very great, many of its manufactures being exported to all parts of the world. When the emperor Henry VI. affifted at a tournament in Nuremberg, he raised 38. burghers to the degree of nobility. Their defcendants are called patricians, and have the government of the city entirely in their hands; the whole council, except 8 mafters of companies, who are fummoned only on extraordinary occafions, confifting of them. This council confifts of 42 members, of whom 34 are patricians; over whom 2 caftellans, or perpetual seneschals, prefide. From thefe a feptemvirate, or fecret council of feven, are chofen, who are entrusted with the most important business of the republic, as they affect to call this little ariftocratic ftate. Among the fine brafs cannon in the arsenal, is one that is charged at the breech, and may be fired 8 times in a minute; and two that carry, balls of 80 lb. The city keeps, in conftant pay, 7 companies, confifting each, in time of peace, of roo men, but, in time of war, 185; two troops of cuiraffiers, each confifting of 85 men; and two companies of invalids. There are alfo 24 companies of burghers, well armed and difciplined, On the new bridge, which coft 100,000 guilders, are two pyramids, on the top of one of which is a dove with an olive branch, and on the other an imperial black eagle.

Nuremberg

Nuremberg had a feat and voice at the diets of the empire and circle, paying to the chamber of Wetzlar 812 rix-dollars each term.

NUREMBERGERS, the natives of Nuremberg, who are remarkably ingenious in painting and engraving in ivory, wood, and metal.

NUREMBERGS, n.. Toys of wood, very ingeniously made at Nuremberg, which are fold in Germany, and thence through all Europe. Thefe toys have an incredibly great fale, and afford a livelihood to the greatest part of the inhabitants, who make a very confiderable profit from this traffic.

NUREMBURG. See NUREMBERG, No 1. 2. NURLINGEN, a town of Suabia, in Wurtemberg, on the Neckar, with a rich hospital. In 1473 and 1751, it was greatly damaged by fire; and in 1634, it was ravaged by the imperialifts. It lies 14 miles SE. of Stutgard, and 60 E. of Strasburg. Lon. 26. 58. E. of Ferro. Lat. 48. 33. N.

NURMS, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Courland, 28 miles E. of Goldingen.

NURSÆ, an ancient town of Italy. Virg. Æn. vii. 744.

NURSCIA, a goddess and patronefs of the ancient Etrurians. Juv. x. 74.

* NURSE. n. f. [nourrice, Fr.] 1. A woman that has the care of another's child.-Unnatural curiofity has taught all women but the beggar to find out nurses, which neceffity only ought to commend. Raleigh. 2. A woman that has care of a fick perfon.

A page fo kind, fo duteous, diligent, So feat, fo nurse-like.

Shak. -One Mrs Quickly, which is in the manner of his nurse, or his dry nurse, or his cook, Shak. 3. One who breeds, educates, or protects.— Rome, the nurse of judgment. We must lose

Shak.

The country, our dear nurse, or else thy perfon,

Our comfort in the country. 4. An old woman, in contempt.

Shak.

Can tales more fenfeless, ludicrous, and vain,

By winter fires old nurses entertain? Blackmore. 5. The state of being nursed.

Can wedlock know fo great a curse, As putting hufbands out to nurse? Cleaveland. 6. In compofition, any thing that fupplies food. -Put into your breeding pond three melters for one spawner; but if into a nurse pond or feeding pond, then no care is to be taken. Walton.

*To NURSE. v. a. [from the noun, or by contraction from nourish; nourrir, Fr.] 1. To bring up a child or any thing young.I was nurfed in fwaddling cloaths with cares. Wif. vii. 7.Him in Egerian groves Aricia bore, And nurs'd his youth. Dryden. 2. To bring up a child not one's own. Shall I call a nurse of the Hebrew women, that she may nurfe the child? Ex. ii. 7. 3. To feed; to keep; to maintain. Thy daughters shall be nurfed at thy fidé. M. lx.

il Our monarchs were acknowledged here, That they their churches nursing fathers were. Denham.

The Nifeans in their dark abode, Nurs'd fecretly with milk the thriving god.

Addifox. 4. To tend the fick. 5. To pamper; to foment; to encourage; to foften; to cherish.-And what is ftrength, but an effect of youth, which if time nurfe, how can it ever ceafe? Davis,-By what fate has vice fo thriven amongst us, and by what hands been nurs'd up into fo uncontroul'd a dominion? Locke.

* NURSER. n.. [from nurse.] 1. One that nurfes. Not used.

See where he lies, inherfed in the arms Of the most bloody nurser of his harms. Shak. 2. A promoter; a fomenter.

(1.) NURSERY. n. j. from nurse.] 1. The act or office of nurfing.

2.

I lov'd her moft, and thought to fet my reft On her kind nursery. Sbak. That which is the object of a nurfe's care. She went forth among ber fruits and flow'rs, To vifit how they profper'd, bud and bloom, Her nursery.

Milton. 3. A plantation of young trees to be transplanted to other ground.-Your nursery of ftocks ought to be in a more barren ground than the ground is whereunto you remove them. Bacon My paper is a kind of nursery for authors. Addifon. 4. Place where young children are nurfed and brought up.— I' th' fwathing cloaths, the other from their nurfery Were ftolen..

Shak. -You fee before you the fpectacle of a Plantagenet, who hath been carried from the nursery to the fanctuary, from the fanctuary to the direful prison. Bacon.

Prior.

Forthwith the devil did appear, Not in the shape in which he plies At mifs's elbow when the lies, Or ftands before the nursʼry doors, To take the naughty boy that roars. -They have public nurferies, where all parents are obliged to fend their infants to be educated. Savift. 5. The place or state where any thing is foftered or brought up, from a nursery of children; or whence any thing is to be removed, from a nursery of trees.-The keeping of cows is of itfelf a very idle life, and a fit nursery for a thief. Spenfer

Shak.

To fee fair Padua, nursery of arts. A luxurious court is the nursery of diseases. L'Etrange.

A nursery ereas its head, Where queens are form'd, and future heroes

bred.

Dryden (2.) A NURSERY, in gardening (§ 1. def. 3.), is a piece of land fet apart for raifing and propagating all forts of trees and plants, to supply the garden and other plantations.

NURSIA, an ancient town of Italy, in Pice num; now called Norza. Virg. Æn. vii. 716. Liv. xxviii. 45."

NURSING OF CHILDREN. See LACTATIO. The following observations are said to be the refult of long experience. The child fhould be laid (the first month) upon a thin mattress, rather longer than itself, which the nurfe will keep upon her lap, that the child may always lie ftraight, and only

It up as the nurfe flants the matrafs. To fet a child quite upright before the end of the firft month, hurts the eyes, by making the white part of the eye appear below the upper eye-lid. Afterwards the nurse may begin to fet it up and dance it by degrees. The child must be kept as dry as poffible. The clothing fhould be very light, and not much longer than the child, that the legs may be got at with cafe, to have them often rubbed in the day with a warm hand or flannel, and in particular the infide of them. Rubbing a child all over takes off fcurf, and makes the blood circulate. The one breaft fhould be rubbed with the hands one way, and the other the other way, night and morning at leaft. The ankle-bones and infide of the knees fhould be rubbed twice a-day; this will strengthen thofe parts, and make the child ftretch its knees and keep them flat, which is the foundation of an erect and graceful perfon. A nurfe ought to keep a child as little in her arms as poffible, left the legs fhould be cramped, and the toes turned inwards. Let her always keep the child's legs loofe. The oftener the pofture is changed, the better. Toffing a child about, and exercifing it in the open air in fine weather, is of the greateft fervice. In cities, children should not be kept in hot rooms, but have as much air as poffible. Want of exercife is the caufe of large heads, weak and knotted joints, a contracted breaft, which occafions coughs and fluffed lungs, an ill fhaped perfon, and waddling gait, befides a Dumerous train of other ills. The child's body fhould be kept perfectly clean, by conftantly washing its limbs, neck, and ears; beginning with warm water, till by degrees it will not only bear, but like to be washed with cold. Rifing early in the morning is good for all children, provided they awake of themfelves, which they generally do; but they should never be waked out of their fleep; as foon as poffible they fhould be brought to regular fleeps in the day. When laid in hed or cradle, their legs fhould always be laid straight. Children till they are two or three years old muft never be fuffered to walk long at a time, fo as to be weary. Conftant exercife and proper poftures ought always to be attended to.

To NURSLE. v. a. To bring up; to nurfe; to fondle.

* NURSLING. n. J. [from nurfe.] One nursed up; a fondling.

Milton.

Then was the held in fovereign dignity,
And made the nurfling of nobility. Spenfer.
I was his nurfling once, and choice delight,
His deftin'd from the the womb.
Indulge their childhood, and the nurfling
fpare.
Dryden.
NURTURE. n.f. [contracted from nourriture,
French.] 1. Food; diet.-

For this did the angel twice descend? .
Ordain'd thy nurture holy..

Milt, 2. Education; inftitution. Little ufed. She should take order for bringing up of wards in good nurture. Spenfer—

Yet am I inland bred,

And know fome nurture.

Shak.

To NURTURE. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To educate; to train; to bring up.-Thou broughtVOL. XVI. PART I.

eft it up with, thy righteoufnels, and nurturedft it in thy law. 2. Efdr. viii. 12.-He was nurtured where he had been born. Wotton. When an infolent defpifer of discipline, nurtured into impudence, fhall appear before a church governor, feverity and refolution are that governor's virtues. South. 2. To nurture up; to bring by care and food to maturity.-They fuppofe mother earth to be a great animal, and to have nurtured up her young offspring with a confcious tenderness, Bentley.

NUS, a town of France, in the dep. of Doria, and late duchy of Aofta, in the ci-devant Piedmontefe; 6 miles SE. of Aofta.

NUSANCE. See NUISANCE.

NUSBACH, a river of Germany, in Suabia. NUSCO, a town and bifhop's fee of Naples, in Principato Ultra; 8 miles N. of Cofenza. NUSDORF, a town of Auftria; 3 miles NW. of Vienna.

NUSE. See Neus.

NUSSERPOUR, a town and diftrict of Indof'tand, on the Sinde; 20 miles SSW. of Moultan, and 47 NE. of Tatta. Lon. 68. 20. E. Lat. 25. 20. N.

*

*To NUSTLE. v. a. To, fondle; To cherish. 'Corrupted from nurfle. See NUZZLE. Ainfo. (1.) NUT. n. f. [hnut, Saxon; noot, Dutch; noix, Fr.], 1, The fruit of certain trees; it confifts of a kernel covered by a hard fhell. If the fhell and kernel are in the centre of a pulpy fruit, they then make not a nut but a fone,

One chanc'd to find a nut, In the end of which a hole was cut,

Drayton.

Which lay upon a hazle root. -Nuts are hard of digeftion, yet poffefs fome good medicinal qualities. Arbuth. 2. A fmall body with teeth, which correfponds with the teeth of wheels.-This faculty may be more conveniently used by the multiplication of feveral wheels, together with nuts belonging unto each. Wilkins.

Clocks and jacks, though the fcrews and teeth of the wheels and nuts be never so smooth, yet if they be not oiled, will hardly move. Ray.

(2.) Nur among botanifts, denotes a PERICARPIUM of an extraordinary hardness, inclofing a kernel or feed. See BOTANY, § 170.

(3.) NUT, BLADDER. See STAPHYLEA. (4.) NUT, CASHEW, See ANACARDIUM. (5.) NUT, Cocoa. See Cocos, N° 1. (6.) NUT, EARTH. See BUNIUM. (7.) NUT, FAUSEL. See ARECA. (8.) NUT, GROUND. See ARACHIS. (9.) NUT, HAZEL, See CORYLUS. (10.) NUT, MALABAR. See JUSTICIA. (11.) NUT, PHYSIC. See JATROPHA, N° 6. (12.) NUT, PIG. See BUNIUM. (13.) NUT, PISTACHIA. See PISTACIA. NUTATION, 2. f. in aftronomy, a kind of tremulous motion of the axis of the, earth, firft obferved by Dr BRADLEY, whereby in each annual revolution, it is twice inclined to the ecliptic, and as often returns to its former pofition. *NUTBROWN. adj. \nut and brown.] Brown like a nut kept long.--

Young and old come forth to play,
Till the live-long daylight fail,.
Then to the spicy nutbrosun ale.

Dd

Milton.

When.

When the nutbrown fword was out, With ftomach huge he laid about.

Hudibras. Two milk-white kids run frifking by her fide, For which the nutbrown lafs, Erithacis, Full often offer'd many a favoury kifs. Dryden. King Hardychute, 'midst Danes and Saxons 'ftout,

Carous'd on nutbrown ale, and din'd on grout. King. NUTCRACKER, in ornithology. See CORvus, III, N° 2. and plate CCXLVI.

*NUTCRACKERS. n. f. [nut and crack] An inftrument used to enclofe nuts and break them by preffure. He caft every human feature out of his countenance, and became a pair of nutcrackers. Addison's Spectator.

NUTGALL. n. [nut and gall.] Hard excrefcence of an oak.-In vegetable excretions, maggots terminate in flies of constant fhapes, as in the nutgalls of the outlandish oak. Brown.

NUT-JOBBER. See NUT HATCH and SITTA. (1.) * NUTMEG.'n. f. [nut and muguet, Fr.] The nutmeg is the kernel of a large fruit not unlike the peach, and separated from that and from its inveftient coat, the mace, before it is fent over to us; except that the whole fruit is fome times fent over in preserve, by way of sweet-meat, or as a curiofity. There are two kinds of nut meg; the male, which is long and cylindrical, but it has lefs of the fine aromatic flavour than the female, which is of the shape of an olive. Hill. -The fecond integument, a dry and flofculous coat, commonly called mace; the fourth a kernel included in the fhell, which lieth under the mace, is the fame we call nutmeg. Brown.

I to my pleasant gardens went, Where nutmegs breathe a fragrant fcent. Sandys. (2.) NUTMEG. (See MYRISTICA, N° 2.) The tree which produces this fruit was formerly thought to grow only in the Banda Iflands. It is now paft a doubt, however, that it grows in the ifle of France and in all or moft of the ifles of the fouth feas; as well as that a wild fpecies of it grows at Tobago. (See Plate CCXXVI, fig. 1-3.) We refer thofe who with for farther information respecting the trade in this article to M. P. Sonnerat's account of a voyage to the Spice fands and New Guinea, printed at Paris in 1775, &c. tranflated into English, and printed at Bury St Edmond's in 1781, &c. and to Bougainville's voyage, and Dr Hakefworth's compilation of English voyages. It is proper, here, however, to mention that the ufe of this article to excefs is extremely dangerous.

NUTPECKER. See NUTHATCH and SITTA. NUTRIA, an ancient town of Illyricum. Polyb. 2.

NUTRICATION. n.f. [nutricatio, Lat.] Manver of feeding or being fed.--Befides the teeth,

the tongue of this animal is a fecond argument to overthrow this airy nutrication. Brown.

* NUTRIMENT. n. J. [nutrimentum, Lat.] That which feeds or nourishes ; food; aliment.

Why should it thrive and turn to nutriment? Shak. -The ftomach returns what it has received, in ftrength and nutriment, diffused into all the parts of the body. South.

Is not virtue in mankind
The nutriment that feeds the mind?

Swift's Mifcel. NUTRIMENTAL. adj. [from nutrimente) Having the qualities of food; alimental.-By vir tue of this oil vegetables are nutrimental; for this oil is extracted by animal digeftion, as an emulfion. Arb.

(1.) NUTRITION. n. [from nutritio, nutric, Lat. nutrition, Fr.) 1. The act or quality of nourish ing, fupporting ftrength, or increafing growth.New parts are added to our fubftance to supply our continual decayings; nor can we give a certain account how the aliment is fo prepared for nutrition, or by what mechanism it is fo regularly diftributed. Glanville's Scepfis.-The obftruction of the glands of the mefentery is a great impedí ment to nutrition. Arbuth. on Alim. 2. That which nourishes; nutriment. Lefs properly.—

Pope.

Fix'd like a plant on his peculiar spot, To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot. (2.) NUTRITION, in the animal economy, is the repairing the continual lofs which the different parts of the body undergo. The motion of the parts of the body, the friction, of these parts with each other, and especially the action of the air, would deftroy the body entirely, if the lofs was not repaired by a proper diet, containing nutritive juices; which being digefted in the ftomach, and afterwards converted into chyle, mix with the blood, and are distributed through the whole body for its nutrition. In young perfons, the nutritive juices not only ferve to repair the parts that are damaged, but also to increase them, which is called growth. In grown perfons, the cutticle is every where conftantly disquamating, and again renewing; and in the fame manner, the parts rubed off, or otherwife separated from the fleshy parts of the body, are foon fupplied with new flesh; a wound heals, and an emaciated perfon grows plump and fat. Buffon, to account for nutrition, fuppofes the body of an animal or vegetable to be a kind of mould, in which the matter neceffary to its nutrition is modelled and affimilated to the whole. As to the nature of this matter, he fuppofes that there exifts in nature an infinite num ber of living organical parts, and that all organifed bodies confift of fuch organical parts; that their exiftence is conftant and invariable; fo that the matter, which the animal or vegetable affimilates to its fubftance, is an organical matter of the fame nature with that of the animal or vegetable, which confequently may augment its volume, without changing its form or altering the quality of the fubftance in the mould. As to the power that communicates it, there exift (fays he) in nature certain powers, as that of gravity, that have no affinity with the external qualities of the body, but act upon the most intimate parts, and penetrate

them