a colony in Orkney, and thence croffing Pictland the mildness of their difpofition. Their fons, frith, and traverfing Caithness, Rofs, Murray, however, did not both inherit their father's virMarr, and Angus, fettled in Fife and Lothian; tues. Magnus, the fon of Erland, was pious and thence called by our writers Pilandia. Others peaceable; great promoter of religion, and anthink they did not fettle here till the time of Reu- xious in patronifing the establishments of Chriftiather, king of Scotland, when the Picts, joining nity: but Hacon, the heir of Paul, was vehement, with a party of the Scots, were repulfed, with wild, and impatient of restraint. He saw how the lofs of their king Gethus, and many of the Magnus was revered, and envy drove him to rePictish and Scottish nobility, with great slaughter: venge; for, by the moft deliberate villany, he but the invafions of the Britons, at the same got Magnus into his power, and murdered him. time, conftrained the Picts to fly to Orkney, The latter part of his life was spent in penance, where they chofe for king Gothus their deceased and in improving his dominions. Magnus's finfovereign's brother, till they were able to return gular piety, and his unfortunate death, were fo to Lothian, and drive out the Britons. After this well represented at Rome, that he was canonized. they flourished here, and were governed by kings.. Haquin left two fons, Paul the Silent, and Harold of their own. There ftill remains a place called the Orator. Harold fucceeded in Caithness, and Cunning fgar, the dwelling place of the minifter of the Orkney's were governed by Paul. Ronald, & Sandwick, whofe name and form befpeak it the defcendant of St Magnus, an elegant and accom. refidence of fome of them.. But no traces of their plished youth, appeared at the court of Norway, hiftory remain, except the name of Belus, in an and was fupported in a claim upon the Orkneys, cient characters, on a stone in the church of Birsa, as the heir of the canonized martyr. He fent where ftill is to be feen one of the principal pa. meffengers to Paul, and offered to fhare the golaces. This government probably fubfifted till vernment with him; but this proposal was refuthe fubversion of the Pictish kingdom in Scotland, fed. By very artful manœuvres, however, Ronald A. D. 839, by Kenneth II. king of Scots. On the obtained his purpose, and fhared his fovereignity whole, however, the time of the discovery and po with Harold, the heir of Paul. They lived amipulation of the Orkneys is certainly unknown. cably together, till Ronald was at laft affaffinated Probably it was very early; for we are told by by a proud chieftain; and Harold poffeffed the Claudian, that they owe their name to the unrivalled fovereignty of the north for a long peGreeks, riod. In 1196, he was able to bring 7000 men to the field, and a body of cavalry, againft the army of William king of Scotland, but was defeated. In 1197, the Caithnefians rebelled, headed by one Roderic, and Torphinus, fon to Harold. The king met and defeated them near Inverness. Roderick was flain and William, seizing on Harold in the extremity of Caithnefs, detained him till Torphinus furrendered himself as an hoftage; but on fome new treasons of the father, the king caused the eyes of the unhappy youth to be put out; and had him emafculated, of which he foon died in prifon. Harold died in the 73d year of his age; and with him ended the independent fovereignty of the north of Scotland. The Norwegians feem to have been in poffeffion of these ifles as late as 1266; for then Magnus IV. king of Norway, being worfted in war with the Scots, yielded them to Alexander III. king of Scotland by treaty, and Haquin king of Norway confirmed the poffeffion of them to king Robert Bruce in 1312. Lastly, in 1464, Chriftian I. king of Norway and Denmark, when he gave his daughter in marriage to James III. king of Scotland, transferred all his right to them to his fon-in-law and his fucceffors; to make which more binding, the Pope's confirmation was obtained. Magnus fold them to Alexander for 4000 merks Sterling, and a yearly acknowledgment of 100 merks. t (5) ORKNEY ISLANDS, HISTORY OF THE. As writing seems to have been long unknown in the northern islands, the chief part of our information refpecting the ancient ftate of the Orkneys muft be derived from tradition: The befty and in all probability the most authentic account we have of this early part of the hiftory of the Orkneys, is from Torfæus. See TORFÆUS. During the reign of Gregory the Great, when by his policy the Picts were driven from other parts of Scotland, they came to the Orcades, but did not meet with a favourable reception, for many of them migrated to Shetland, and thence to Norway. Thefe iflands were at various times haraffed and plundered by adventurers from Scandinavia; and the Norwegian princes often laid the inhabitants under tribute. The Chriftian religion was tranf ported to the Orkneys from Norway, in the be ginning of the 11th century, when Sigurdis poffeffed the entire dominion of thefe ifles. About this time he married a daughter of Malcolm III. by whom he had a fon named Torphinus, who fucceeded him. He defeated Ronald, a grandfon of Sigurdis, who had lived in Norway, and who was efteemed the rightful heir of the earldom of Orkney, after he had made a fuccefsful defcent. He established falutary laws, and encouraged the arts of induftry. Torphinus built a fumptuous church in Byrfa, where the firft bishops of Orkney refided, and to which he retired in the decline of his life, and was interred in it, on his death at an advanced age. He left two fons, Paul and Erland, who amicably shared in the government of their father's extenfive domain. Du ring this period, the northern counties are said to have arrived at a very fuperior degree of cultivation and improvement, which became equally confpicuous in the richness of their lands and in (6.) ORKNEY ISLANDS, INHABITANTS OF THE. The gentry of the Orkneys are civilized, polite, and hofpitable; and live like those of Scotland, from whom they are chiefly defcended. They live comfortably, are remarkably courteous to ftrangers, and drink a great quantity of wine, with which their cellars are generally well ftored. Indeed the inhabitants may be now justly deemed a Scotch colony. They speak the language, profefs the religion, follow the fashions, and are fub jec out a barrel, or fome bulky fubftance, which fmooths the water till it is fucked down and thrown up at a confiderable distance, during which time the fhip paffes over in fafety. But when there is a breeze of wind, these whirlpools may be croffed without danger, ** ject to the laws of that people. They are frugal, fagacious, circumfpect, religious, and hofpitable. Their mariners are remarkably bold, active, dexterous, and hardy. Many furprifing inftances of longevity occur here, as well as in Shetland, of perfons living to the age of 140. The Orkney women are generally handsome and well shaped, and bring forth children at a very advanced age. (7.) ORKNEY ISLANDS, NATURAL CURIOSITIES OF THE. We may reckon among the curiofities of the Orkneys, the PHASEOLI, Molucca beans, or Orkney beans. They are found on the fhore of the Orkneys, being thrown on them by ftorms of westerly wind. They are of feveral fpecies, but none of them are the produce of thefe inlands, but are probably of American origin, mauy of them being natives of Jamaica, and other iflands of the Indies. They are found principally on those coafts which are most exposed to the waves of the Atlantic, and are on thefe fo plentiful, that they might be gathered in large quantities, if of any value; but the only ufe they are put to, is the making of fnuff-boxes. Sir Robert Sibbald and Mr Wallace, in their accounts of Scotland, have both named them Molucca BEANS. Many ftrange fishes and curious fhells are also often caft up by the ocean; of these laft a vast variety are preserved in the cabinets of naturalifts. Sometimes exotic fowls are driven upon the Orkneys by tempeftuous weather: fish, as large as whitings, have been thrown ashore to a confiderable diftance within the land. At Cantick-head, in the island Waes, and fome other places, huge ftones are often heaved up by the violence of the fea and wind, and caft over high rocks upon the land. A Laplander has been feen more than once on this coaft, in his flender canoe, covered with fkins, driven hither by adverse winds and ftorms. In the ifle of Hoy, befides, other curiofities, (See Hoy, N° 2.) there is a very high and steep mountain, called the Wart Hill of Hoy, near the top of which, in May, June, and July, fomething at noon-day is feen to shine and sparkle with remarkable luftre, fuppofed by the natives to be an inchanted carbuncle: many perfons have clambered up the hill in queft of it, but found nothing. Perhaps this fplendour is produced by the reflection of the fun on a small ftream of water fliding over the face of a smooth rock. (8.) ORKNEY ISLANDS, NUMBER AND NAMES OF THE PRINCIPAL. They are about 30 in number; but many of them are uninhabited, the greater part being fmall, and producing only pafturage for cattle. The principal islands are MAINLAND, or POMONA, N. and S. RONALD SHAY, SWINNA, FLOTTA, COPINSHAY, STRONSAY, SANDAY, HOY, EDAY, WESTRAY, SHAPIN SHAY, EGLISHAY, WEIR, GREMSAY, PAPA, ROUSAY, BURRAY, &c.; the terminations in ay, or hay, being generally given in the Teutonic to fuch places as are furrounded by water. The currents and tides flowing between the islands are extremely rapid and dangerous. Near Swinna are two great whirlpools, called the wells of Savinna, which are counted dangerous by mariners, efpecially in a calm. When failors find themselves fucked into the vortex, they throw (9.), ORKNEYS, POPULATION, PARISHES, CHURCHES, &C. OF THE. The total population of the Orkneys, as stated in Sir John Sinclair's Statistical Account of Scotland, in 1790-98 was 23,053 the decrease, fince 1755, was 2015. The number of parishes is 17, which contain 31 churches, and above 100 chapels, (10.) ORKNEYS, PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS IN THE. Campbell, in his Political Survey, fuggefts two improvements in the Orkneys: 1. The erecting an uniyerfity; of which he recapitulates the probable advantages, arifing from their centrical fituation; and, 2. Allowing the Eaft India company to erect a spacious magazine in one of these islands; where alfo a collector, and a fufficient number of king's officers, fhould refide, to receive the duties of fuch Eaft India commodities as might be taken off by British subjects. These he proposes for the Orkneys in particular, and in addition to improvements proposed for the whole islands in general. We are told that the Orkneys are equal in extent to the county of Huntingdon. (II.) ORKNEYS, QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS, AND FISH OF THE. There are upwards of 50,000 fheep in these islands. Besides great numbers of little horfes, black cattle, fwine, and rabbits, the inhabitants rear all forts of domestic animals and tame poultry. Their heaths and commons abound with red deer, and all forts of game; partridges, growfe, heath-cocks, plovers, ducks, teals, and widgeons; the fea-coaft teems with feals and otters; and are vifited by whales, cod, ling, tusk, herrings, and all forts of fifh: on the shore they find fpermaceti, os fepiæ, and great variety of fhells and corallines, with mult udes of oyfters, remarkably large mufcles, crabs, and cockles. The rocks are covered with fea fowls, wild geefe, folan geefe, barnacles, eagles, hawks, and kites. The Orkney eagles are fo ftrong that they have been known to carry away young children in their talons. They make such havock among the lambs, that he who kills an eagle is entitled by law to a hen from every house in the parish where it was killed. The king's falconer vifits thefe iflands every year, to fetch away the young hawks and falcons from their nefts among the precipices; he enjoys a yearly falary of 20l. and may claim a hen or a dog from every houfe in the county, except fome that are exprefsly exempted. (12.) ORKNEYS, RELICS OF ANTIQUITY IN THE. At Stennis, in the Mainland, there is a causeway of ftones over a lake, at the S. end of which is a circle of ftones about 20 feet above ground, each 6 feet broad, and from one to two feet thick: between this circle and the caufeway, two ftones of the fame dimenfions ftand by themfelves, and one of them is perforated in the middie. At half a mile from the other end of the caufeway appears a larger circle of the fame kind of ftones, the diameter of which may amount to '110 paces; fome of thefe ftones are fallen; and to to the E. and W. of the larger circle are two artificial green mounts. Both are furrounded with a ditch; and one cannot view them without admiration, confidering the art that must have been ufed to bring fuch unwieldy maffes together in this order. They were probably temples and places of facrifice in times of pagan fuperftition; and seem to bear a great affinity with the celebrated monument called STONEHENGE, in England. In one of the mounts, at the N. end of the causeway, the natives found nine fibula, or clafps of filver, formed into a circle, and refembling a horse shoe. In many different places of the Ork neys are rude obelisks or fingle ftones of a great height, set up either as memorials of battles, treaties, or remarkable perfonages. In Roufay, between two high mountains, there is a place which the natives diftinguith by the appellation of the camp of Jupiter Fring: but the reafon of this name is not known. At the W. end of Mainland, near Skeal, is a fuprifing causeway, above a quarter of a mile in length, on the fummit of high hills, composed of reddish ftones of different magnitudes, impreffed with various figures both on the upper and under furface. Some gentlemen in the neighbourhood have carried off the moft beautiful of these ftones, to be fet in their chimneys by way of ornament, like the painted tiles of Holland. This country has many fepulchres of different nations. In the plains of Skeal, the fand being blown away from the furface of the ground, feveral square catacombs appear built of ftones well cemented together, containing fome parcels of black earth, and each fecured by a large ftone at the mouth. Sepulchres of the fame kind are found at Roufum in Stronfay; which is like wife remarkable for a different kind of monument, confifting of one entire ftone cylinder hollowed, with a bottom like that of a barrel, and a round ftone to fill up the entrance: above, the ftone was fharpened into an edge; within were found fome burned bones and red clay; and over it was placed a large flat ftone for the prefervation of the whole. Thefe were probably Roman catacombs. In Westray, divers Danith graves have been difcovered: in one of thefe was the skeleton of a man, with a fword on one fide, and a Danish are on the other. Some have been found buried with dogs, combs, knives, and other utenfils. In many places there are round hillocks or barrows, called broghs, fignifying, in the Teutonic language, burying places, fupposed to have been the cemeteries of the ancient Saxons. In different parts of thefe inlands are the remains of great buildings, believed to have been fortreffes erected by the Danes or Norwegians when they poffeffed the country. One of thefe in the ifle of Wyre, called the caftle of Coppi-row, fignifying a town of fecurity, is furrounded by a foffe, and the firft floor fill remains above ground, a perfect fquare of ftone wall, very thick, ftrongly built, and cemented with lime, the area within not exceeding ten feet in length. In the chapel of Clet, in the ifle of Sanday, there is a grave 19 feet long, in which was found part of a man's back bone, larger than that of a horse. Human bones, of near ly the fame fize, have been dug up in Weftray; and indeed this country is remarkable for pro. ducing men of a gigantic ftature. In the ancient fabric of Ladykirk, in S. Ronalfhay, there is a ftone four feet long and two feet broad, on which the print of two feet are engraven, fuppofed to be the place where, in times of popery, penitenta food to do public penance. The cathedral of Kirkwall is a fine building. See KIRKWALL, No 2. (13.) ORKNEYS, STEWARTRY, GOVERNMENT, &c. OF THE. The ifles of Orkney and Shetland compofe one ftewartry, or county, and fend one member to the British parliament. The right of fuperiority to the Orkneys was difmembered from the crown by the union parliament, and granted for a certain yearly confideration to the earl of Morton, by Queen Anne, who appointed him hereditary fteward and jufticiary. It is now in the poffeffion of Lord Dundas, who has the power of creating certain judges, called bailies. There is one of these established in every ifland and parish, with power to fuperintend the manners of the inhabitants, to hold courts, and determine civil caufes, according to the laws of Scotland, to the value of 1ol. Scots money, or 16s. 8d. Sterling, but all contents of higher import are referred to the decifion of the fteward or his deputy, who refides at Kirkwall, which is the feat of juftice. Subfervient to the bailies, are 6 or 7 of the most reputable inha bitants, who overfee the conduct of their fellows, acting as conftables, and make report of all enor. mities to the bailie; who caufes the delinquent to be apprehended and punished, if the crime be within the extent of his judicial power; other wife he tranfmits him to Kirkwall, where he is tried by the fteward. The Proteftant religion prevails in the ifles of Orkney, according to the rites and difcipline of the kirk; these, and the ifles of Shetland, conftituting one prefbytery, which affembles at Kirkwall. (14.) ORKNEYS, TENURES, CUSTOMS, AND MANNER OF LIVING IN THE. Some particular lands are held by a tenure called Ulal Right, from Ulcius, or Olaus, king of Norway, who farmed the lands, on condition of receiving one 38 of the produce; and this right devolved in fucceffion, without any charter granted by the fovereign. The inhabitants, instead of meafuring their cort, weigh it in pifmores or pundlers. Their leaft denomination is a mark, confifting of 18 ounces, and 24 marks make a lifpound, which is a Danish quantity. The poorer fort of people appear very meanly habited, with a piece of feal-fkin instead of fhoes; and, living chiefly on falt fish, are fub ject to the fcurvy. They are much addicted to fuperftitious rites; in particular, interpreting dreams and omens, and believing in the force of idle charms. The natives are inured to fatigue, and remarkably adventurous, both in fishing during rough weather, and in climbing the rocks for the flesh, eggs, and down of fea-fowl. Formerly, while they were expofed to the invasions of the Norwegians, or weftern iflanders, every village was obliged to equip a large boat well manned; and all the fencible men appeared in arms, when the alarm was given by the beacons lighted on the tops of the rocks and highest mountains. These beacons, known by the name of ward-hitts, are curiofity, with each other, and with the continent: the reft of the year, however, they are al moft inacceffible, through fogs, darknefs, and ftorms. The chief manufacture carried on in thefe islands is that of KELP, which indeed may be reckoned their staple commodity, fince 1722 when it was first introduced by Mr James Fea of Whitehall. From that period to 1794, the quantity manufactured amounted to 291,9761. Ster ling, which is above 36 years purchase of the whole islands, the grofs rent of which is only a bout 8000l. a-year. are ftill to be seen in every island. Their corn land they inclofe with mud or ftone walls, to preferve it from the ravages of their sheep, fwine, and cattle, which wander about at random, without being attended by herdfmen: their ordinary manure, efpecially near the fea-coaft, is fea-weed, which they carefully gather, and divide into equal portions. Their theep are marked on the ears and nofe; but fo wild, that when they fhear them in May, they are obliged to hunt every individual, with dogs trained for that purpose. Their manner of catching fea-fowl is curious and particular. Under the rock where thefe fowls build, they row their boat, provided with a large net, to the upper corners of which are faftened two ropes, lowered down from the top of the moun. tain by men placed in that station. These hoifting up the net, until it fpread oppofite to the cliffs in which the fowls are fitting, the boatmen below make a noise with a rattle, by which the fowls being frightened, fly forwards into the bofom of the net, in which they are immediately enclosed and lowered down into the boat; others practise the method ufed in Iceland and Norway, and are lowered down by a fingle rope from the fummit of the mountain; this is the conftant way of robbing the hawk's neft. See, BIRD-CATCH ING. ORLA, a river of Germany, in Upper Saxony, which joins the Saal, at ORLAMUNDA. ORLAMUNDA, a town of Thuringia, in Altenburg, at the conflux of the Orla and Saal, 40 miles SW. of Altenburg, 50 of Leipfic, and 24 ESE. of Erfurt. Lon. 11. 24. E. Lat. 50. 53. N. ORLANDO, a cape on the N. coaft of Sicily, 15 miles W. of Patti. (1.) ORLE, ORLET, or ORLO, in architecture, a fillet under the ovolo, or quarter round of a capital. When it is at the top or bottom of a shaft, it is called cin&ure. Palladio ufes the word orla for the plenith of the basis of the columns. (2.) ORLE, in heraldry. See HERALDRY, Chap. III. Sect. II. ORLEANNOIS, or a ci-devant province of (15.) ORKNEYS, TRADE AND MANUFACTURES ORLEANOIS, 5 France, which included OF THE. The trade of the Orkneys is not very the feveral districts of Orleannois Proper, Beauce confiderable, though it might be extended to Proper, or Chartrain, Dunois, Vendomois, Blaigreat advantage. They fupply with fresh provi- fois, the greatest part of Gatinois, and Perche fions, for ready money, the fhips and veffels that Gouet. The principal rivers are the Loire, Loitouch upon the coaft in the course of northern ret, Cher, La Conie, Aigle, Hyere, Yonne, and voyages, or in their paffage from the East Indies, Eyre; which render the country very fertile. when they go north about Ireland and Scotland, There are alfo fome remarkable canals, particularly in time of war, to avoid the privateers of the enethofe of Briare and Orleans. The Loire, and the my. They are alfo vifited by thofe engaged in canals drawn from thence, greatly facilitate and the herring-fishery, though there is not fuch a re- promote the inland trade of the republic. It was fort on this account to these islands as to the ifles called in Latin Aurelianenfis Ager, and was boundof Shetland. Nevertheless, a good number of ed on the E. by the Gatinois, S. by Sologne, W. boats from the western parts of Scotland, as well by Dunois and Vendomois, and N. by Beauce. as from Londonderry, Belfast, and other parts of The Loire divided it into Upper and Lower; the Ireland, fish for herring as far north as the Leuze, former lying N. and the latter S. of that river. It and fupply the Orkneys with tobacco, wine, bran- . yields plenty of grain, wine, wood, fruit, and dy, and other fpirituous liquors, cloths, and divers abounds in cattle, game, and fish. It is now dimanufactures. These they exchange for fifh, and vided into the three departments of the Loire and oil extracted from porpoifes, feals, and other fea- Cher, the Loiret, and the Eure and Loire. animals. The people export annually great num. bers of black cattle, fwine, and fheep; together with large quantities of corn, butter, tallow, falt, and ftuffs made in the country, over and above the fkins of feals, otters, lambs, and rabbits, down, feathers, writing quills, hams, and wool; yet all thefe articles would, in point of profit, fall infinitely fhort of their herring fifhery, were it profecuted with industry, economy, and vigour. As there are no merchants in the Orkneys who export fish on their own account, what herrings are taken, they fell to the Dutch or Scotch dealers in and about Inverness. They generally fifh for herring on the W. fide of the Orkneys; and are therefore more remote from markets than thofe who are employed in the fame manner on the coaft of Shetland. In the Orkney iflands they fee to read at midnight in June and July; and during four of the fummer months, they have frequent communications, both for bufinefs and VOL. XVI, PART II. (1.) ORLEANS, a city of France, capital of the dep. of the Loiret, and late capital of the ORLEANOIS. It was anciently called Genabum, or Cenabum; and afterwards AURELIA, Aurelia, and AURELIANUM, by the emperor Aurelian, who confiderably enlarged it. In Julius Cæfar's time it was the capital of the Carnutes. It fands about 60 miles S. of Paris, on the N. bank of the Loire; across which there is an elegant bridge of 9 arches, the entrance by which is exceedingly noble and striking, the ftreet which leads from it being compofed of moft elegant modern buildings. In general, however, excepting this street, it is very meanly built, and, the streets narrow. It is furrounded with walls, and fortified with 40 towers. The streets almost all terminate at the quay. It is a place of confiderable magnitude; and, before the revolution, had feveral inferior courts of juflice, and an univerfity. It was alfo a bishop's fee; and the cathedral is a most superb Tit Gothic Gothic ftructure, and had the fineft fteeple in France till it was damaged in the time of the civil wars. There were 22 parishes in it, and a great number of churches and religious houfes. There is also a public walk, planted with feveral rows of trees; and there were fugar bakers; a manufacture of stockings and theep skins; a theological feminary; a great trade in brandy, wine, fpices, and several manufactures, which, with other commodities, were conveyed to Paris by the Loire and the canal. (See N° 8.) The environs of Orleans, to the S. of the Loire, are very agreeable. It is in general a level country, covered with corn and vines. Lewis XIV. gave the dukedom to his brother Philip, who began and finished the canal; which, by the duties paid by veffels going up and down, brought in, one year with another, 150,000 livres. The bishop was fuffragan to the archbishop of Paris, and had a revenue of 24,000 livres, out of which his tax to Rome was 2000 florins. A new bishop, on the first day of his entering, had the privilege of releafing all the prifoners in it, except thofe committed for treafon. The bridge was new built in the 18th century, and opened in 1760; and the French esteem it the fineft in the world. Orleans lies 30 miles NE. of Blois, and 60 SSW. of Paris. Lon. 4. 59. E. Lat. 47:54. N. (2, 3.) ORLEANS, an island and town of Canada, in the river St Lawrence, E. of QUEBEC. Lon. 69.50. W. Lat. 47. o. N. (4.) ORLEANS, a township of Massachusetts, in Barnftable county. (5.) ORLEANS, a county of Vermont, containing 23 townships. A part of Lake Memphremagog projects into the N. part of it, from Canada. (6.) ORLEANS, Peter Jofeph, a French Jefuit, born at Bourges in 1641. He taught the belles lettres for fome time in his fociety, but afterwards devoted himself to hiftory. He wrote A Hiftory of the Revolutions of Spain; A Hiftory of Two conquering Tartars, Chunchi and Camhi; The Life of Father Coton; and a Hiftory of the Revolutions in England, under the Stuarts, from 1603 to 1690. He died in 1698. (7.) ORLEANS, Philip, the laft duke of. EGALITE. See (8.) ORLEANS, CANAL OF, a celebrated canal of France, which commences from the Loire, 6 miles above ORLEANS (N° 1.), croffes the foreft of Orleans (N° 9.), joins the Loing near Montargis, and, paffing Nemours, runs into the Seine. It was finished in 1682, and has 30 locks in its courfe, which is 54 miles long. See CANAL, § 6. (9.) ORLEANS, FOREST OF, an extenfive foreft of France near the city (N° 1.), containing 100,000 acres, planted with oaks and other trees. Before the revolution it belonged to the Duke of Orleans, who drew for its timber annually about 100,000 livres. (To.) ORLEANS, MAID OF. (See JOAN, N° 4.) In the street of Orleans, leading from the bridge, tands the celebrated monument where Charles VII. and Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, are reprefented on their knees before the body of our Saviour, who lies extended on the lap of the Virgin. It was erected by order of that monarch in 1458, to perpetuate his victories over the English, and their expulfion from his dominions. All the figures are in iron. That of the Maid is remarkably beautiful; heroic, yet mild. The king appears bareheaded, and by him lies his helmet furmounted with a crown. Oppofite to him is the Maid herself in the fame attitude of grateful devotion to Heaven. It is a most precious and invaluable hiftorical monument. In the Hotel de Ville is a portrait of the fame immortal woman, which is the oldest and best picture of her now exifting. (IT.) ORLEANS, NEw, a city, now belonging to the Unite States of N. America, the capital of LOUISIANA, lately fold to them by Bonaparte. It was built by the French, during the regency of the Duke of Orleans. On the 19th March 1788 feven 8ths of it were burnt. It is feated on the E. Bank of the Miffifippi, ros miles from its mouth, according to Dr Brookes, but according to Mr Cruttwell, only 18 leagues. Lon. 90. 1. W. Lat. 2). 58. N. (12.) ORLEANS, OLD FORT, a fort of Louifiana, on the W. bank of the Missouri. ORLENGA, a town of Ruffia, in Irkutsk. ORLIAC, a town of Croatia, 20 m. S. of Sluin. (1.) ORLOP. n. f. (overloop, Dutch.] The middle deck. Skinner.-A fmall ship of the king's called the Penfie, was affailed by the Lyon, a principal fhip of Scotland; wherein the Penfie fo applied her fhot, that the Lyon's orlop was broken, her fails and tackling torn; and laftly she was boarded and taken. Hayward. (2.) ORLOP, in the fea language, is the uppermost deck in a great ship, reaching from the main to the mizen maft. In three-decked ships the fecond and loweft decks are fometimes called orlops. (1.) ORLOV, a town of Ruffia, in Viatka. (2.) ORLOV, a river of Ruffia, which runs into the Tchernaia; in Lon. 186. E. of Ferro. Lat. 65. 20. N. (3.) ORLOV, an island in the Cafpian Sea. ORLOVCA, two rivers of Ruffia: 1. In Archangel, running into the Frozen Ocean, 28 miles N. of Ponoi: 2. Running into the Irtisch, in Lon. 93. 10. E. of Ferro. Lat. 53. 50. N. ORLOVOGORODITSCHE,, a town of Ruffia, on the Ifchim, 120 miles SE. of Tobolík. ORLOVSKOE, a province, of Russia, bounded on the N. by thofe of Smolensk and Kaluga; E. by Tambouĺkoe and Tulskoe; SE. by Kurskoi and Voronetfkoi, and W. by Smolensk, and Novogorod Sievertkoi. It is 208 miles long, and from 20 to 100 broad. ORLUCE, a town of Poland, in Sandomirz. (1.) ORLY, a town of France, in the dep. of Paris, 74 miles SSE. of Paris. (2.) ORLY, a town of Lithuania, in Brzesk. (3.) ORLY, a town of Poland, in Sandomirz. ÖRMEA, a town of France, in the department of the Tanaro, and ci-devant county of Alli, in the late duchy of Montferrat. It was taken by the French in April 1791, and lies fix miles WSW. of Garrefio, and 10 S. of Ceva. ORMES, a town of France, in the department of Indre and Loire, ro miles S. of Richelieu. ORMES HEAD, GREAT and LITTLE, two capes of |