1. Differtatio epiftolaris de Lucernis antiquis. 2. A differtation De patera antiquorum. 3. A fmall treatise De fternis veterum; and fome other works.

(2.) ORSATO, Sertorio, a celebrated antiquarian, hiftorian, and poet, born at Padua in 1617. He taught natural philofophy in the university of Padua, and was alfo a member of the academy of the Ricovrati. He died of a fuppreffion of urine, on the 3d of July 1678. He wrote a great number of books, which are esteemed, in Latin and in Italian. ·

with their wheel, are to be placed in a box of an adequate fize, in perpendicular pofition; the arbor of fixed wheels to move in pivots at the top and bottom of the box; and the arbor of moveable wheels to go through the top of the box, to a proper height; on the top of which is to be placed a round ball gilt with gold, to reprefent the fun. On each of the moveable wheels is to be fixed a focket or tube, afcending above the top of the box, and having on the top a wire fixed, and bent at a proper diftance into a right angle upwards, bearing on the top a fmall round ball, reprefenting its proper planets. If then on the lower part of the arbor of fixed wheels be placed a pinion of fcrew-teeth, a winch turning a spindle with an endless screw, playing in the teeth of the arbor, will turn it with all its wheels; and these wheels will move the others about, with their planets, in their proper and refpective periods of time, very exactly. For, while the fixed wheel CK moves its equal CP once round, the wheel AM will move AN a little more than four times round; and fo will nearly exhibit the motion of Mercury; and the wheel FG will turn the wheel FS about

2,6.

(6.) ORRERY, a barony of Ireland, in Cork: ORRIA, a town of Spain in Arragon. ORRICE. See IRIS, N° 3.

ORRIN, a river of Scotland, in Rofs-fhire, which rifes in the SW. part of that county, and after interfecting the parish of Urray from S. to N. falls into the Connon, at the church of Urray.

ORRINGTON, a town of the United States, in Maine, Hancock county, on the E. bank of the Penobscot, 256 miles NNE. of Boston. It had 477 citizens in 1795.

ཨ ་་*

ORRIO, a town of Spain, in Biscay (1.) * ORRIS. n. f. [oris, Latin.] A plant and flower. Miller. The nature of the orris root is almost fingular; for roots that are in any degree fweet, it is but the fame sweetness with the wood or leaf; but the orris is not fweet in the leaf; neither is the flower any thing so sweet as the root. Bacon.

(2.) ORRIS, in botany. See IRIS, No 3.

(3.) * ORRIS. n.. [old Fr.] A fort of gold or filver lace.

ORROCK, a hill of Scotland, in Fifeshire, near Burntifland; upon which there is a vitriolic fpring, with excellent pafture, fome capillary herbs, and several ancient tumuli, containing human bones. Diamonds of a pure water have alfo been found on it.

ORRUS, in botany, a name by which many of the ancients called the cultivated pine-tree, from its being remarkably full of juice.

ORSA, a town of Poland, in Lithuania. ORSANO, a hill of Italy, in the department of the Mella, and district, late province of Brescia, near Cologne.

(1.) ORSATO, John Baptift, an able physician and antiquary, born at Padua in 1673. He wrote,

ORSAW. See OR SOY.

ORSCHA, a town of Ruffia, in Mogilev.
ORSCHOWA. See ORSOVA.

ORSERA, a populous town in Iftria, with an ancient castle on a hill, in the district of Parenzo, five miles from the town of Parenzo, and four N. of Rovigno.

(1.) ORSI, Francis Joseph, a learned Cardinal born in Tuscany, and raised to the purple by Clement XIII. He wrote an Ecclefiaftical History, in 20 vols. 4to,

(2) ORSI, John Jofeph, an ingenious philologer and poet, born at Bologna in 1652. He ftudied polite literature, philofophy, the civil law, and mathematics. His house was a kind of academy, where many perfons of literature regularly aflembled. He wrote many ingenious fonnets, paftorals, and other works, in Italian, and died in 1733

ORSIELLE. See ARCHIL....

ORSIO, a town of Sweden, in Smaland. YORSKAIA, a town of Rúflia, in Upha. 'ORSOGNA, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo. ORSOKO, a town of Africa, in Aora. ORSOVA, or ORSCHOWA, a town and fort of European Turkey, in Servia, on both sides of the Danube... It was befieged by the Auftrians, in 1790, but not taken. It is 60 miles SE. of Temefvar, and 75 E. of Belgrade.

ORSOY, or OR SAW, a town of France, in the department of the Roer, and ci-devant duchy of Cleves, on the Rhine; 20 miles SE. of Cleves. It was taken by the prince of Orange in 1634, and by the Duke of Orléans in 1672. Lon. 6. 43. E Lat. 51. 38. N.

.E.

ORT, or LEER ORT, a town of Germany, in E. Friesland; 11 miles SSE. of Embden. Lon. 2446. E. of Embden. Lat. 53. 13. N..

(1.) ORTA. See HERSILIA.

(2.) ORTA, a town of Naples, in Capitanata. (3.) ORTA, a town of Italy, in Patrimonio.

(4-5) ORTA, a town and lake of Italy, in the department of the Agogna, and ci-devant Milanefe, 21 miles NNW. of Novara, and 36 WNW. of Milan.

ORTAKI, a town of Turkey, in Natolia.

(1.) ORTEGAL, a town of Spain, in the province of Galicia, feated near

(2.) ORTEGAL, CAPE, the most northern promontory of Spain, where there is also a cattle of the fame name. Lon. 8. 20. W. Lat. 44. o. N.

ORTEGIA, a genus of plants of the clafs triandria, belonging to the order monogynia, and, in the natural method, ranking under the and order, Caryophyllea.

ORTELIUS, Abraham, a celebrated geogra

pher,

pher, born at Antwerp, in 1527. He was well killed in languages and mathematics, and acquir ed fuch reputation by his skill in geography, that he was named the Ptolemy of his time. He refided at Oxford in the reign of Edward VI. and came a ad time into England in 1577. He was the author of several excellent aftronomical and geographical works. He died at Antwerp in 1598. ORTELSBURG, a town of Ruffia, in Oberland; 68 miles N. of Konigsberg, and 100 ESE. of Dantzick.

ORTENAU, a territory of Germany, in Suabia, bounded S. by Breslau, N. by Baden, and E. by Wirtemberg; fituated between Brifgaw, Baden, the Black Foreft, and the Rhine, which feparates it from Alface; firft difmembered from Suabia by the emp. Henry IV. and given to the D. of Zahringen, from whom it defcended to the counts of Habiburg; but lately granted, (on the 21ft Aug. 1802), along with BRISGAW, as indemnities to the ci-devant D. of Modena, by Bonaparte, who poffeffes that prince's hereditary dominions, now annexed to the kingdom of Italy. ORTENBERG, a town of Germany, in Hanau Munzenberg, on the Nidder, 17 miles NE. of Franckfort on the Maine.

52.

(1.) ORTENBURG, a town of Auftria, in Carinthia, on the Drave, oppofite its conflux with the Lifer; 6 miles ESE. of Saxenburg, and 32 W. of Clagenfurt. Lon. 13. 38. E. Lat. 46. N. (2.-4,) ORTENBURG,a county, town, and fort of Lower Bavaria. The count and people are Lutherans. The town lies 10 miles W. of Paffau.

ORTH, a town of Germany, in Austria. ORTHAGORAS, an ancient author, who wrote an account of India. Elian.

ORTHAMPELOS, a fpecies of vine, that is capable of fupporting itself.

ORTHES, or ORTHEZ, a city of France, in the dep. of the Lower Pyrenees, and late province of Bearn. The cathedral is a wretched edifice, very ancient, built in a barbarous ftyle, and almoft in ruins. The remains of the caftle are very noble, and its fituation is fine, on a hill, which commands the town and a great extent of country. The people call it Le Chateau de la Reine Jeanne, becaufe that queen refided in it during inany years, in preference to the caftle of Pau. Some of the apartments, though in ruins, may yet be entered. The princefs Blanche, daughter to John king of Arragon and Navarre, was fhut up, and died here, in 1464. It is 20 miles NW. of Pau, and 30 E. of Bayonne. Lon. o. 24. W. Lat. 43. 5. N.

ORTHIA, a furname of DIANA, derived from a moft barbarous piece of superftition. See DIA.

MASTIGOSIS.

ORTHMANZDORF, a town of Upper Saxony, in Erzgeburg; 4 miles ESE. of Zwickau." ORTHOCERATITES, a fpecies of foffile fhells. Sec Plate CCLXİ.

ORTHOCOLON, n. f. in furgery, the preternatural ftraightnefs of a joint. 4.

ORTHODORON, an ancient meafure of length, fhorter by a finger's breadth than a fpan. ORTHODOX. adj. [ogos and Soxea; orORTHODOXAL dedex, French Sound VOL. XVI. PART II.

in opinion and doctrine; not heretical. Orthodoxal is not used. Be you perfuaded and settled in the true proteftant religion profeffed by the church of England; which is as found and orthodox in the doctrine thereof, as any Christian church in the world. Bacon.-An uniform profeffion of one and the fame orthodoxal verity, which was one given to the faints. White.-Eternal blifs is not immediately fuperftructed on the most orthodox belief. Hammond.-Origen and the two Clemens's, their works were originally orthodox, but had been afterwards corrupted. Waterland.

* ORTHODOXLY. adv. [from orthodox.} With found nefs of opinion.-The doctrine of the church of England, expreffed in the 39 articles, is fo foundly and fo orthodoxly settled, as cannot be questioned. Bacon.

ORTHODOXNESS, n. f. the state of being orthodox. Afh. See the next article.

* ORTHODOXY. n. S. Log‡odokia; orthodoxie. Fr. from orthodox.] Soundnefs in opinion and doctrine.-Bafil himself bears full and clear teftimony to Gregory's orthodoxy., Waterland.—I do not attempt explaining the mysteries of the Chriftian religion; fince providence intended there fhould be myfteries, it cannot be agreeable to piety, orthodoxy, or good fenfe, to go about it. Swift. * ORTHODROMICKS. n. f. [from og gou.] The art of failing in the arc of fome great circle, which is the shortest and straighteft distance between any two points on the furface of the globe. Harris.

and

*ORTHODROMY. n. f. [og and ♪goμ☞ ; orthodromie, French.] Sailing in a ftraight courfe. ORTHOEPY, n. f. a branch of profody, comprehending the rules of pronunciation. See ENGLISH LANGUAGE, under PROSODY, p.702; also ORATORY, Part IV.

* ORTHOGON, n. f. [og3os and yea.] A rectangled figure.-The fquare will make you ready for all manner of compartments; your cylinder for vaulted turrets and round buildings; your or thogon and pyramid, for sharp fteeples. Peach. * ORTHOGONAL. adj. [orthogonel, Fr. from orthogon.] Rectangular.

* ORTHOGRAPHER. n.. [ços add ygapw.} One who fpells according to the rules of grammar. -He was wont to speak plain, like an honeft man and a foldier; and now he is turn'd orthographer, his words are just so many strange dishes. Shak.

ORTHOGRAPHIC. See next article.

(1.)* ORTHOGRAPHICAL. adj. [from crthography.] 1. Rightly fpelled. 2. Relating to the ipelling. I received from him the following letter, which, after having rectified fome little orthographical miftakes, I fhall make a prefent of to the public. Spectator. 3. Delineated according to the elevation, not the ground-plot.-In the orthographical schemes there fhould be a true delineation and the just dimenfions of each face, and of what belongs to it. Mortimer's Husbandry.

(2.) ORTHOGRAPHICAL PROJECTION OF THE SPHERE, that wherein the eye is fuppofed to be at an infinite diftance; fo called, because the perpendiculars from any point of the fphere will all fall in the common interfection of the fphere with the plane of the projection. See GEOGRAPHY and PROJECTION. * OR

Xxx

Witepík, with a strong caftle, at the conflux of the
Dnieper and Orefa, 50 miles W. of Smolensko.
Lon. 30. o. E. Lat. 54. 45. N.
ORUA. See ARUBA.
ORVAL. n.

The herb clary. Dia.

ORUBA, or ARUBA. See ARUBA

* ORVIETAN. n.f. [orvietano, Italian; fo called from a mountebank at Orvieto in Italy.] An antidote or counter poison; a medicinal compofition or electuary, good against poifon. Bailey. ORVIETANO, a territory of Italy, in patrimonio, belonging to the Pope, about 20 miles long, and from 10 to 15 broad.

ORVIETO, the capital of ORVIETANO, is a large ftrong city, fituated at the conflux of the Paglia and the Chiana on a teep hill, furrounded on every fide with rocks and precipices. To this fituation it is owing that it has no fprings; but there is a very furprising well cut into the rock,, to fupply it with fresh water. The mules which bring up the water on their backs, go down by a ftair case of 150 steps, and 60 windows, and come. up by another, without meeting. The architect of this fingular building was the famous Antony da San Gallo, employed by Clement VII. This city, called Herbanum by Pliny, and URBEVETA NUM by Procopius, is the fee of a bifhop fuffragan of Rome. The cathedral is a fine Gothic building, adorned with sculpture and painting, begun in 1260 by Nicolas Pifano. Orvieto was once a potent and populous city, but is now much upon the decline. It lies 20 miles NW. of Viterbo, 50 NNW. of Rome, and 73 SSE. of Florence. Lon. 12. 20. E. Lat, 42. 50. N.

ORVILLE, James Philip, a learned critic, born at Amsterdam, of French parents, in 1696. He travelled into England, France, and Germany; and on his return in 1730, he was made profeffor of hiftory, eloquence, and Greek; but,refigned in 1742. He wrote several learned differtations, in the Obfervationes Mifcellaneæ, a work of deep erudition. He died in 1743.

ORUM, a town of Denmark, in N. Jutland. ORURO, a province or jurisdiction of S. America, in Buenos Ayres. The climate is fo cold that few efculent vegetables thrive in it, but it produces pasture for numerous herds of cattle, and has rich mines of gold and filver; though the working of the latter has been lately flopt by an influx of the water. St Philip is the capital, and lies 90 miles from La Plata.

ORUS. See HORUS, No 1. and MYTHOLOGY, $29.

ORWEL, or a parish of Scotland, in Kin(1.) ORWELL, } rofs-fhire, called alfo Millnathort, from its chief village; which lies in its cen. Are, on the great road to Perth, 16 miles N. of N. Queensferry, and 14 S. of Perth. The parish is 5 miles long from E. to W. and 5 broad. The furface is nearly level, and abounds with excellent pasture; the air is very falubrious; the foil is partly light fand, partly fand and clay; but very fertile, and the crops early, of all the ufual grain. The total annual value of thefe is estimated at 11,5621. There are 4 quarries of excellent freeftone. The population, in 1794, was 1705; the decrease 186, face 1755. The number of fheep

called Burleigh's Hole, from Lord Burleigh's concealing himself in it from juftice, after he had murdered the schoolmafter for marrying his favourite female fervant, without his confent.

(2.) ORWELL, a river of England, which rises in the middle of Suffolk, where it is called Gipping; paffes by Stow, Needham, and Ipfwich, where it is named Ipswich Water, and, uniting with the STOUR from Manningtree, forms the fine harbour of Harwich. See HARWICH, N° 1.

(3.) ORWELL, a river of the United States, which runs into Lake Erie; in Lon. 80. 30. W. Lat. 43. o. N.

(4.) ORWELL, a township of Vermont, in the NW. of Rutland county, on the E. bank of Lake Champlain. It had 778 citizens in 1795.

(1.) ORYX, an ancient town of Arcadia, feated on the Ladon. Paufan. viii. c. 25.

(2.) ORYX, in Zoology. See CAPRA, N° VIII. ORYZA, RICE, in botany, a genus of the digynia order, belonging to the hexandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 4th order, Gramina. The calyx is a bivalved uniflorous glume; the corolla bivalved, nearly equal, and adhering to the feed. There is but one fpecies, viz.

Oryza Sativa, common rice. This plant is greatly cultivated in moft of the eastern countries, where it is the chief fupport of the inhabitants; and great quantities of it are brought into Eng land and other European countries every year, where it is much efteemed for puddings, &c. but is too tender to be produced in thefe northern countries without the affiftance of artificial heat. It grows upon moift foils, where the ground can be flowed over with water after it is come up. So that whoever would cultivate it in this country fhould fow the feeds upon a hot-bed; and when the plants are come up, they should be removed into pots filled with light rich earth, and placed in pans of water, which fhould be plunged into a hot-bed; and, as the water waftes, it must from time to time be renewed. In July these plants may be fet abroad in a warm fituation, still preferving the water in the pans, otherways they will not thrive; and, toward the end of Auguft, they will produce their grain, which will ripen tolerably well, provided the autumn proves favourable. The leaves of rice are long, like the reed, and fleshy; the flowers blow on the top like barley: but the feed which follows is difpofed in clusters, each of which is inclofed in a yellow hufk, ending in a spiral thread. The seed is oblong, or rather oval, and white. Rice is the chief commodity and riches of Damietta in Egypt. Dr Haffelquift gives the following defcription of the manner in which the Egyptians drefs and separate it from the hufks: "It is pounded by hollow iron peftles of a cylindrical form, lifted up by a wheel worked by oxen. A perfon fitting between the two peftles, pufhes forward the rice when the pefties are rifing; another fifts, winnows, and lays it under the peftles. In this manner they XXX 2

continue

beth and king James I.; a Difcourfe on the greatnefs and corruption of the church of Rome; a Difcourfe upon Machiavel, &c. He died in 1659.

continue working it until it is entirely free from chaff and hufks. When clean, they add a 30th part of falt, and pound them together; by which the rice, formerly grey, becomes white. After this purification, it is paffed through a fine fieve to part the salt from the rice; and then it is ready for fale." Damietta fells 60,800 facks of rice annually, the greatest part of which goes to TurKey, fome to Leghorn, Marseilles, Venice.

ORYZIVORA, the RICE BIRD, of Catesby, a fpecies of Emberiza. It is about the fize of a sparrow, being 6 inches long. See EMBERIZA, No 5.

(1.) ORZI, a territory of Italy, in the department of the Mella, diftrict and late duchy of Brefcia; containing four parishes, and 4000 citi

zens.

(2.) ORZI, or ORCI, the name of two towns in Italy, in the department of the Mella, and diftrict of Brefcia, (ci-devant Bresciano,) thus diftinguished:

1. ORZI NOVI, or i.e. NEW ORZI, a fortified 1. ORZI NUOVo, town on the Oglio, conining 3000 citizens, befides 1000 in its fuburbs, and 4 parithes; 15 miles SW. of Brescia.

2 QRZI VECCHIO, or OLD ORZI, 14 miles SW. of Brescia.

(1.) OS, [Lat.] A bone. See ANATOMY, In

(2.) Os, or Oss, in geography, a town of HolJand, in the dep. of the Dommel and Scheldt, and Jate prov. of Dutch Brabant; 10 miles NE. of Bois le Duc.

(1.) OSA, a town of Ruffia, in Perm, on the Kama.

(2.) OSA DE LA VEGA, a town of Spain, in Caftile.

OSACA, a Bourishing commercial town of Jaşan, in Niphon; with a magnificent caftle and Harbour. Lon. 133. 45. E. Lat. 35. 20. N.

(1.) OSAGES, a river of Louisiana, which runs E. into the Missouri.

(2.) OSAGES, a nation of N. American Indians, who inhabit the S. banks of the Missouri. They have 400 warriors.

OSAPY. See OSSIPEE.

OSBECKIA, in botany, a genus of plants, of the monogynia order, belonging to the octandria clafs, and, in the natural method, ranking under the 17th order, Calycanthema.

(1.) OSBORN, Francis, an eminent English writer in the 17th century. He frequented the Court, and was mafter of the horfe to William earl of Pembroke. Upon the breaking out of the civil wars, he adhered to the parliament, and had, feveral public employments conferred upon him. In the latter part of his life, he lived at Oxford, in order to print feveral books, and to look after his fon, for whom, by the favour of the parliament, he procured a fellowship in All Souls college. His Advice to a fun, fo foon as it was pubfiffed, being complained of to Dr John Tenant, ice chancellor of Oxford, as of irreligious tendency, there was a propofal made to have it publicly burnt; but that taking no effect, it was or. dered that no bookfeller or others fhould fell it, which only made it fell the fafter. He wrote al To Hiflorical Memoirs of the reigns of queen Eliza

(2.) OSBORN, a town of Wight, in E. Medina. OSCAR, the fon of Offian. See OSSIAN. OSCARI, a town of Sardinia.

OSCAR'S ISLAND, called by Buchanan MalochOscair, an island of Argyllshire, W. of Ramasa, in a fine bay called Lochofcair, where veffels of any burden may ride tafely.

OSCASÁLO, a town of Italy in the depart. of the Upper Po, and diftrict of Cremona, (late Cremonefe), on the Canal of Oglio, in a fertile territory.

OSCELLO. See OSSOLA.

OSCHA, a river of Ruffia, which runs into the Irtifch, oppofite Malanova, in bolik. OSCHATZ, a town of Saxony, in Meiffen. OSCHEOCELE, n. . [orio and ] A kind of hernia, wherein the inteftines break into fcrotum. Dia.

OSCHERSLEBEN, a town of Lower Saxony, in Halberstadt, 10 miles NE. of Halberstadt, and 20 W. of Magdeburg..

OSCHOPHORIA, a feftival obferved by the Athenians. It receives its name aro Tou pogii ras osas, from carrying boughs hung up with grapes, caled os xa. Its original inftitution is thus mentioned by Plut. in Thef. Thefeus, on returning from Crete, forgot to hang out the white fail, by which his father was to be apprized of his fuccefs. This neglect proved fatal to geus, for he threw himself into the fea, and perithed. Thefeus no fooner reached the land, than he fent a herald to inform his father of his fafe return, and in the mean time he began to make the facrifices which he had vowed to make when he first set fail from Crete. The herald, on his entrance into the city, found the people in great agitation. Some lamented the kings death, while others, elated at the fudden news of the victory of Thefeus, crowned the herald with garlands in token of their joy. The herald carried back the garlands on his staff to the fea fhore; and, after waiting till Thefeus had finished his facrifice, be related the melancholy account of the king's death. Upon this the people ran in crowds to the city, fhowing their grief by cries and lamentations.From this circumftance, therefore, at the feaft of Ofchophoria, not the herald, but his staff was crowned with garlands, and all the people that were prefent exclaimed A, 8, 8, the first of which expreffes hafte, and the others a confterna tion or depreffion of fpirits. The hiftorian further mentions, that Thefeus, when he went to Crete, did not take with him the ufual number of virgins, but that in the place of two of them, he took two youths of his acquaintance, whom he caused to pafs for women, by difguifing their drefs, and by accuftoming them to the ointments and perfumes of women, as well as by a long and fuccefsful imitation of their voice. The impofition fucceeded; their fex was not discovered in Crete; and when Thefeus had triumphed over the Minotaur, he, with thefe two young men led a proceflion, with branches in their hands, in the fame habit, which was ftill ufed at the celebra