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Line of road from Loch Moidart, (in Inverness) to the Corran of Ardgour.

Line of road from

Bunnessau

Loch upon the west coast of Mull to Auchacraig.

Continuation of the Lochnagaul road (XXVIII.) to Lochnevish.

Continuation of the Glengarry road, (xxvI.) to Berdera.`

References to bridges, 1. Bridge over the Conan, in the county of Ross, by Mr Telford. 2. Bridge over the Urrin, in the county of Ross, by Mr Telford. 3. Bridge over the Beauly, county of Inverness, by Mr Telford. 4. Bridge over the Spey at Fochabers, in the county of Banff. 5. Bridge over the Tay at Dunkeld, in the county of Perth, by Mr Telford.

Expenditure of the HIGHLAND ROADS.
Survey and Estimate of Line of
Road from Loch Oich, up Glengarry
to Loch Hourn.
Cash paid to James

Donaldson,

51 O 6

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Prospective Account.

Probable payment to

wards making the

Loch na Gaul

Road.

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3,000

Ditto Glengarry road. 4,250

2,950 00

Ditto towards build. ing Conan and Orin bridges, and towards purchase of the present Ferry over the Conan. Ditto towards building the bridge at Dun keld, and making approaches thereto. 5,500 Ditto towards Road at Crinan Quay.

140 0

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feyit for the honour of the Towne, on yis wyse, that yai sall pas to all honest personis of substance yat may sustene the same, and tak yair meit of ilk ane of yame ane day of bout, and hip nane and gif yai tak wedge, yat yai sustene yameself, yairupon yat day, and at ye persoun that gevis yame yair meit, gif to yame IXd. on ye day, yat is to ilk pyper IlId. at ye leist."

66 19. Oct. 1492. It is ordainit, be ye hale dusane" (duodene Burgi) "of the Toune, yat gif any of ye dusane beand wairnit, cumis nocht betymes for ye halding of ye Coun. sale, in ye working of ye commoune proffeit; yat he sali pay for ilk defalt VId. unforgevin, to be drukkin, be ye dusane; and gif ye dene, or Baillies, or any of yame cumis not in due tyme, yai sall dowbil as meikil unforgevin."

"It is statute and ordainit, be ye Provest, Baillies and Counsale, yat all nicht houres within this Toune, merchants and craftsmen, as yai ar of power, till furnish torcise (torches) till pas and convey ye provest fra ye Kirk till his awin hous eftir Evinsang, in the haledays of Zule, New Zeir day, and uphalyday under ye payne of XVIII. S. to be tane of yame yat wantis torcise; and at everie Deykin haif power till poind his craft for ye samin. 16. Nov. 1535

2. Acts concerning Burgesses, Stallangers, Strangers, Freemen and unfree Merchants.

The following minute appears a. mong these acts.

Charles Saudeman, cuik maid, Gild and Oblist; yat fra yat day furth, he sall nocht be sine upoun ye calsay as ye remanent commoune cuiks with meit to sell in commoune howses, bot sal caus his servands pas with ye sam: and yat he sal hald his Taverne on ye hiegait, fra Whitsonday furth nixt, and behaif himself

honestly in all tyme cuming, undef payne of Esheit of his wynes; and he peyit for his fredom L. 10. 20 Nov. 1567

3. Acts made by the Council respecting the crafts, or trades of the Town.

4. Acts respecting fairs, markets, vivers, drink, &c.

Under this, are comprehended the -regulations against regraters, forestallers, &c. of meal, fish, or other provisions.

5. Acts concerning the rents of the common good, the privileges of the town, &c. Among these is the following enactment in February 1478.

It is thocht expedient, that the Provest of the towne, for honour and worschip of the town, haif zeirlie to his fee L. 20. of the Commoune purs and to endure perpetuallie."

:

This chapter also contains a state of the Tack duties of the Customs and Harbour of Leith, and of the mills, shops, and houses belonging to the Town, so far back as the year 1458.

In the year 1527, is the following entry: "The gaitt, dichting, and dewteis yairof, is set yis zeir in to cum, with the aventure of deid and weir, to Alexander Pennecuik, for ye soum of L. 20. to be dicht and clengeit sufficiently, ilk VIII dayes anis, with a dosane of servands; and that he tak na mair of dewties for ye dichting yairof, except and allenerly of fische, fleshe, salt, and victuals."

A great many pages are occupied in giving excerpts from the protocols of the different Town Clerks, or Notaries, to shew the several pieces of property holding of the Burgh

Regulations respecting Leith, and the different kinds of merchandise, ' and victuals arriving there: Orders respecting the entering of ships cargoes, &c. 7.

7. Accounts and statements of different taxations or extents imposed upon the Town.

8. Acts of the Town Council, respecting" Mettis, Mesouris, and Wechtis."

9. Certane practiques or exampills of punishment, of all crymes within burgh, conforme to ye aulde use and consuetude yairof yat it may be knawin quhow ilk cryme of law or consuetude owcht and suld now be punist according to the wecht and gravity yairof.

10. Enactments respecting the ordering of the Towne watches in peace, pest and war; serving women, vagabonds, weaponshawingis, beg. gars, &c.

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11. Many acts, from the year 1497 to the year 1535, penes mundatio. nem ville," principally relating to those infected with the Grand-gore or Lues, who by an order of James IV. at length inserted, are caused to be sent along with "the personis qlks takis sic cuir upon yame to Inch Keith," yair to remane quhile God provyde for yair helth." This order is dated 22 Sept. 1497; and on the 14 Oct. 1500, the Magistrates of the Burgh ordain," that all maner of personis yat hes ony guids closit in hous within this Towne, quhilk hes ben infect or presumit infect, that yai pas to the Pow-burne, to morne, and clenge yair guids and geir be fyre and wattir at ye rynnand

burne;" with intimation if they fail that the goods shall be burned and destroyed.

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CELESTIAL PHENOMENA for Febru ary 18.6.

Saturday, February 1st. THE first satellite of Jupiter will immerge into his shadow at

10.25" after six o'clock in the morning, mean time *.

The planet Juno is situated in longitude 5..20..45', and latitude 3°..c' South.

Leonis, a

Wednesday, February 5th. The moon will eclipse star of the 4-5 magnitude, situated in the claws of the Lion, in longitude 5..210..40'..17", and latitude 5.42'." South. The star will immerge behind the enlightened limb of the moon at 32% after nine o'clock in the evening, apparent time at Edinburgh, at which time it is situated about 13 minutes South of the moon's centre; after continuing eclipsed for the space of 38 minutes, the star will immerge from behind the obscure limb of the moon, at 10' after 10 o'clock, when its distance from the Moon's centre is 11

31

South. At the middle of this occul.

tation, the Moon's horizontal parallax is 59'..58", her horizontal semidiameter 16'..21", and the time of her southing 2.5′ in the morning.

On the same day, the right ascension of the planet Ceres is at present 97°56', and her declination 31°..' North.

Friday, February 7th.

The planet MARS will be in conjunction with the Sun at 47 minutes after 9 o'clock in the evening, in longitude 10..180..31..42", and latitude 10..5' South.

On the same day, the planet SATURN will be stationary in longitude 6.28°..27', and latitude 2°..36' North. He comes to the meridian at 16 minutes after 4 in the morning.

Saturday, February 8th.

The planet PALLAS is at present situated in right ascension 69°37', and declination 21°54′ North.

Tues

The Eclipses of Jupiter's satellites are computed to exact time, and the

other Phenomena to apparent time.

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On the same day, the longitude of the GEORGIUM SIDUS is 6°..2 .35′′, and his latitude 36′ North. His de clination is 90..20' South, and the time of his southing 3.50 in the morning.

Thursday, February 13th. The Moon will be in conjunction with the planet JUPITER at 3 minutes after 5 o'clock in the evening.

Friday, February 14th. The planet CERES is situated in right ascension 97°..13', and North declination 31..22.

Sunday, February 16th.

At a quarter before 6 in the morning, the first and third satellites of Jupiter will be in conjunction on the eastern side of his disc, the fourth is situated in the same side, but farther from the planet, and the second on the other side of Jupiter.

Monday, February 17th.

The right ascension of PALLAS is at present 71°..26', and her declination 19.3' South.

Wednesday, February 19th. The SUN enters the sign Pisces at II minutes after 6 o'clock in the morning.

On the same day, the longitude of JUPITER is 95.2°14', and his latitude 19 minutes North. He has 23.8' of south declination, and souths ..5c' in the morning.

Friday, February 21st.

The Moon and VENUS will be in conjunction at 33 minutes after 5 o'clock in the morning. Venus being then stationary in longitude os..1.. 46'.

On the same day, the longitude of Juno is 5..23°.2c', and his latitude 144' South.

Sunday, February 23d.

The first and third satellites of Ju. piter will be in conjunction at 47 minutes after 5 in the morning, on the left hand of Jupiter. The second and fourth are on the other side of his disc, the second being nearest the planet.

On the same day, CERES has 97°.. 10' of right ascension, and 31°..25′ of North declination.

Wednesday, February 26th.

The planet PALLAS is situated in right ascension 73°,45′, and declination 16°..10' South.

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Thursday, February 27th.

The planet SATURN is stationary longitude 6.280..7', and latitude

2o..40' North.

Friday, February 28th.

The Moon will eclipse μ Gemingrum, a star of the third magnitude, situated in longitude 3..2°.. 35'..38", and latitude 50'..24" South. The occultation will commence at 10 minutes after 2 o'clock in the morning, the star being about 15 mi. nutes south of the Moon's center; and after continuing eclipsed for 24 minutes, the star will immerge from behind the enlightened limb of the Moon, at 42 minutes after 2 o'clock, when it is 13 minutes south of her centre. About the middle of this occultation, the Moon's horizontal parallax is 59'..47", her horizontal semidiameter 16'..18", and the time of her southing 7..10' in the evening.

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FOR

OR the sake of such readers as never have attended to the subject before, I shall give as short and clear an account as I can, of the present state of the connection between the proprietors of Zetland and those of their tenants who are fishers, both because those fishers compose the greater part of the tenantry of Zetland, and because their condition is to be misrepresented than that of the other renters of land.

The landlord advances to the tenant the necessaries of fishing, generrally at prime cost, frequently under it. When crops or fishings have been bad, the landlord advances the necessaries of life to the tenant, in expectation that he will be able to repay in more fortunate years, and never charges any interest on the debt: if there is a balance in favour of the tenant, he receives it in cash at the settlement of accounts, or on any future occasions in such portions as he chooses. The tenant is bound to deliver all his merchantable fish to the landlord's factor, at fixed prices, who is bound to receive them, cures them on an extensive scale, by far the best mode of curing, and the landlord takes his chance of the foreign market.

The good effects of this system have been, that the tenant feels the vicissitudes occasioned by unfortunate seasons less than he otherwise would; that he is always sure of a good market in his immediate neighbourhood, for whatever he may produce; that he can pursue the fishing in the proper season uninterruptedly that the quality and price of Zetland salt fish, the principal production of his industry, have been raised much above those of the salt fish of any other country. In short, if he is inJan. 1806.

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dustrious and frugal, he has the means of enjoying much more of the comforts and conveniences of life than his ancestors 50 years ago could command, with the most industrious dispositions. The original intention of the landlords, in paying attention to the fishing, was to increase the gross produce of their estates, that they might have better opportunities than formerly of having their rents regularly paid.

On the greater part of the lands in Zetland, every occupier of land holds his little farm immediately of the proprietor. In no other part of Great Britain is it so much the interest of the proprietor to attend to the welfare of each individual on his estate as in Zetland, and in no other part will there be found so great a number of neighbouring proprietors, so systematically attentive to promote the interests of every one who lives on their lands. It has been frequently observed, that the owner of a few acres, when obliged to sell his land to his richer neighbour, has, while a tenant on the very same spot, attained to comfortable circumstances, tho' while a proprietor he had been always needy.

There is one circumstance however, the consequences of which counteract these good effects very much. It is to be regretted that it has not been done away, especially as it is not in the least necessarily connected with the system I have been describ. ing, and by means of which the Zetland islands have been much improved in spite of its operation. It is this, the rents are so excessively below the real value of the lands, that the landlords have been obliged to make up the deficiency, by not allowing the tenants a price for their fish equal to their full value. Tous, the tenant is under every temptation to break through the paction with his landlord, and to sell his fish clandestinely to others, and that almost

always

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