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ment, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Goff, and my Major White, did come seasonably in ; and, at the push of pike, did repel the stoutest regiment the enemy had there, meerly with the courage the Lord was pleased to give; which proved a great amazement to the residue of their foot. This being the first action between the foot, the horse, in the mean time, did, with a great deal of courage and spirit, beat back all opposition, charging through the bodies of the enemies horse and their foot, who were, after the first repulse given, made, by the Lord of Hosts, as stubble to their swords,—— Indeed, I believe, I may speak it without

addition, I do not believe we have lost twenty men; not one commis sioned officer slain that I hear of, save one cornet, and Major Rooksby, since dead of his wounds; and not many mortally wounded; Colonel Whaley onely cut in his hand-rist, and his horse twice shot and killed under him, but he well, recovered another horse, and went on in the chase.

Historical Account of the Settlement of
BUENOS AYRES.
(Concluded from p. 814.)
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commanders, and others, in their several places, and soldiers, also, were acted with as much courage as ever hath been seen in any action since this war. I know they look on to be named ́; and therefore I forbear particulars. The best of the enemies horse and foot being broken through and through in less than an hour's dispute, their whole army being put into confusion, it became a total rout: our men having the chace and execution of them near eight miles. We believe, that upon the place, and near about it, were about three thousand slain; prisoners taken of their officers, you have this inclosed list; of private soldiers, near ten thousand; the whole baggage and train taken; wherein was good store of match powder, and bullet; all their artil lary, great and small, thirty guns; we were confident they have left behinde them not less than fifteen thousand arms. I have already brought into me near two hundred colours, which I herewith send you; what officers of quality of theirs are killed, we yet cannot learn: but yet surely divers are, and many men of quality are mortally wounded; as Colonel Lumsdel, the Lord Liberton, and o thers; and that which is no small

Assumption, tho' more tolerable than at Buenos Ayres, was far from being undisturbed. War was first to be waged with several of the neighbouring tribes; which however, by the skill and conduct of the governor Don Alvarez, was soon brought to a happy terminatjon. Internal dissensions then began to prevail; the chief men, emboldened by their vast distance from Spain, thought themselves at full liberty to disregard the authority of its sovereign and the officers whom he had appointed. Don Alvarez himself, notwithstanding his exemplary conduct, was loaded with false accusations, and sent over in chains to SpainHere he underwent a long trial, which terminated in the most decisive proof of his innocence; but notwithstanding this, it was not thought advi sable to send him back to Paraguay, nor did he for a long time receive any mark of the Emperor's favour, or any compensation for what he had

suffered.

The removal to Assumption had been made by the colonists with a view to their own convenience, and had certainly improved their situation ; but it was very much otherwise for the mother country. The navigation from it was rendered much

longer

longer and more difficult, and many vessels were lost for want of a safe harbour to receive them at the mouth of the river. It was determined there fore to rebuild Buenos Ayres, and this was rendered easier by some es tablishments which had lately been formed from the side of Peru, on the plains of Tucuman and Chaco. Although therefore the Indians, immediately on their arrival, began to attack them, yet the troops and military stores which they brought with them were found sufficient for their defence, and for placing the settlement in a state of security. From this time therefore Buenos Ayres continued gradually to increase with the increasing prosperity of the country whose capital it formed. The chief object of attention, which is now afforded by this part of America, consists in the celebrated establishments of the Jesuits.

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tion was granted, and the conversion was now undertaken on a greater scale. The efforts made by these fathers appear to be almost incredible. They went alone and unarmed to meet bands of enraged savages, the inve terate enemies of the Christian name; they addressed them with mildness; they represented that nothing but zeal for their good could have induced them to leave their own country, and expose themselves to so many dangers. The savages who, with all then 5:rceness, possess abundance of natural good sense, were not insensible to this courage and disinterested benevolence. Their hatred to the Spaniards was softened, and they gra. dually assumed the Christian profes. sion. The Jesuits rejoiced to accomplish this change; and they are said to have rejoiced still more, when they had the happiness of obtaining the crown of martyrdom. were also aided by the power of working miracles, which was abun dantly bestowed on them; and tho' this resource was certainly a little Jesuitical, yet considering the goodness of their intentions, it might appear to them not very reprehensible to make this use of their superior knowledge. In this manner they went over a vast tract of country, till some of the most judicious among the fathers at length observed that this going about from place to place served no good purpose; that no lasting effect was produced; but that theIndians immediately on being left to themselves, relapsed into their former barbarity. The only way therefore to effect a permanent improvement was to unite them into towns, and to change altogether their mode of life: and the influence of the fathers over them was so great, as to induce them to adopt this change, so repugnant to all their former propensities. The first were the Guaranis, a numerous people on the banks of the river Pla

This society, whatever wrongs it may have committed in the old world, has certainly been the chief and almost sole benefactor of the The hardships, the dangers, the privation of every comfort to which its members submitted, in the perilous attempt to convert and civilize its savage tribes, must rank them high among the disinterested benefactors of the human species. Their efforts were not confined to any one portion of America; but while in other quarters they could with difficulty form a few scattered villages, here a vast tract of country was covered with populous and fourishing settlements. A few detachcd missionaries first arrived at the Assumption; but these were of so much use in quieting the neighbouring Indians, and inspiring them with a favourable disposition towards the Spaniards, that all the inhabitants of that city united in earnestly petitioning for the establishment of a college of Jesuits among them. This peti

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ta, who being before inured to considerable subordination 'under their Caciques, were the better prepared for submitting to this restraint. Considerable difficulties however arose in consequence of the irregular habits to which they had been liable, and which were not easily eradicated. The most formidable however arose from the polygamy which had been universal among the chiefs, and which was a privilege they were not at all inclined to give up. And when, after much difficulty, they had at last agreed to dismiss all their wives except one, an important question arose, which wife they should retain? The fathers called upon them to adhere to the one whom they had first married. But to this they would on no account listen; and absolutely insisted on being left at liberty to chuse the one whom they liked best. The con. version of the Indians was at a stand, till the judgment of the papal see could be obtained on this important matter. His holiness, after due consideration, determined that the missionaries should have liberty to pro ceed in the manner which circumstances might require, and which might appear most conducive to the propagation of the gospel. In consequence of this prudent concession, no farther obstacle was opposed to the establishment of the missions. As soon as a few villages were formed, the obvious improvement on their condition, and their own persuasions, joined to those of the missionaries, roduced a rapid extension of these stablishments. The whole nation of the Guaranis were soon included `; to which the Chiquitos, a still more numerous people, were soon added'; and the more abundant subsistence which was yielded by a settled and industrious mode of life, tended still farther to increase their numbers.

By all the accounts that have come to Europe, this appears to have been

one of the most amiable and happy societies on the face of the earth, The Jesuits had established a com plete dominion both over their minds and actions; they carefully impressed upon them the doctrines of Christian morality, and studiously kept at a distance whatever could tend to seduce them from its precepts. Profoundly observant of human nature, they saw the necessity of external pomp in their religion. Accordingly no cost was spared in the embellishment of their churches. They were adorned with paintings, and with all kinds of odoriferous plants and flowers, of which they know the Indians to be extremely fond. The pomp exhibit. ed at the sacraments is said to equal that of the greatest cities, and to be conducted with much more decency, Yet, says Charlevoix, " no treasures are to be seen at this ceremony; but the beauties of simple nature are there so happily disposed as to represent her in all her glory."

The Jesuits are also careful to prevent as much as possible any communication between them and the Spa. niards, which they always find pro. ductive of mischief. All the commercial transactions therefore are carried on under their inspection, and the lands of those who are em ployed in them cultivated by the rest. Indeed the greatest harmony is said to have prevailed among these little republics, and the greatest promptitude in supplying each other's wants. They had retained the ancient simplicity, but divested of all that fierceness and licentiousness with which it was accompanied. They had completely shaken off drunkenness, which was formerly their prevailing passion; declaring, that though wine be the best thing that comes from Spain, yet to them it is perfect poison." They had got so free of all their other faults, that Faxardo, bishop of Buenos Ayres, is said to have writ

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ten to the Court of Spain, that he did not believe there was a single mortal sin commited in any of these reductions in the course of a twelvemonth. Whatever faults they may have committed, they are generally the first to acknowledge them and to petition for chastisement.

The missionaries declare that they would have wished to keep their Blocks ignorant of the very name of war, but this was impossible, from the vicinity of barbarous tribes, and particularly from the establishment of a band of Portuguese renegadoes in the back settlements of Brasil. Arms were put into their hands in order to repel these enemies, which they did with great bravery.

These establishments are now at an end: The Jesuits of America were involved in the wreck of their order in Europe. The care with which they prevented all communication between the Spaniards and Indians, and the training of the late ter to arms, were interpreted as symp. toms of a design to establish an independent empire of their own. Yet the reasons which they assign for this procedure seem to be sufficiently plausible. Mr Davies mentions his having found some Jesuits at Buenos Ayres who were possessed of papers which threw great light on the present state of South America, and of which doubtless our government will avail themselves.

Some attempts were also made to establish missions in the Magellanic regions. But the vicinity of Buenos Ayres on one side, and the attacks of the Savages on the other, prevented these from acquiring any degree of magnitude and consistence.

Such are the principal events which have marked the history of Buenos Ayres to the time of its conquest by Sir Home Popham. For the subsequent events we refer the reader to the historical department of this magazine.

On the Effects of INDUSTRY.

"Qui non laborat non manducat."

OF

F the many virtues which merit the attention of the moralist, or employ the powers of men of genius, none is of more consequence than that of industry. While it is to the statesman and philosopher the source of literary fame, and the parent of useful discovery, it is at the same time no less valuable to the mechanic and daily labourer. It confers on them degrees of honour which stamp their reputation, and it has been found, from the peasant to the courtier, a pure fountain, from whence every social joy is made to flow. As there is no period of life in which the principle of virtue can be instilled in the disposition with so much advantage as when reason begins to dawn, how inauspicious may be that man's fate, who has estranged himself to early habits of industry,-while he retraces the barrenness of his past life, he will be equally unable to provide for the future. Our talents and corporeal strength are the gifts of nature, bestowed upon us to be cultivated and improved; and if our proper exertion of them fail to enliven the present scene, it will invariably tend to em-/ bellish our future destiny. While we possess, therefore, each in our own situation, a certain portion of such endowments, conscience is also awake to call for our contribution of bene"fit to society in general. To provide for the falfilment of this demand, it is requisite that our capacities be improved in early life, when the imagination is awake to acute idea, and the mind fitted to receive those impressions, which will render youth pleasant, manhood respectable, and old age honourable. On the contrary, if we suffer habits of languor to steal away our abilities, or enervate our bodies, by indolence and ease, we shall justly incur the imputation of folly, and bring upon ourselves not only the

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If we do not sow, how is it possible for us to reap. Such are the dictates of the voice of nature; for would it not be extremely unjust, if, after having squandered selfishly whatever we possessed, we should be allowed to reap the productions of others indus try, without endeavouring, in degree, to supplant those seeds of dif. ficulty which our own indolence has rooted in the way of comfort; or attempting, by every exertion in our power, to rear those of a more fruit. ful nature? Would not the husband man have cause to murmur, were he forced to divide the recompence of his toil and labour with an object so totally unworthy of his assistance? and would he not be intitled to treat him with the same degree of scorn that the Ant in the apologue of the French fabulist showed towards the Grasshopper, who, after having sung during the exuberance of summer, without at all anticipating the deso. lation of winter, when that seasonfarrived, went to the provident Ant and begged of him a trifling subsistence till the return of plenty," How were you employed during the fine "weather?" said the sage insect. "Night and day I sang and diverted "myself," replied the reduced borrower. "You sang! I am glad you were so merry," added the Ant, "and now you may go and dance." It is not compassion, bur folly, to aid those who, having ability, will not aid themselves. The busy industrious

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Bees, by driving the lazy drones from out their commonwealth, seem to teach us by humble example to banish every useless person from well. regulated society, and to reserve our superfluities for those whose ill health or misfortunes have rendered incapable of fulfilling the duties of their sta. tion: such only are objects of charity; and while we relieve the idle and profligate, we are robbing the more deserving of their due. It may however be observed, that, by debaring the inactive man from participa ting in the benefits arising from the labours of others, the affluent and the great, who constitute so numerous a portion of mankind, would then be left destitute. This objection may indeed at first view appear specious, but by close investigation the fallacy of the argument will soon become evident, and the confutation of it consequently easy. By labour, we are not only to understand manual works, but likewise those of the fertile brain, the free use of which is given equally to the opulent and the indigent, the illustrious and the abject. While the mechanic employs himself in his shop, and the husbandman wields the plough, the greater personage may be occupied in studying the national good, or in the improvement of his own estates; and while he is thus busied, perhaps, in designing plans to be put in practice, or in directing and superintending the different artificers and workmen who execute his designs, he may be considered as labouring himself, and is entitled to partake of the comforts arising from the industry of others. The important truth of the necessity of activity ought to be inculcated early, while its influence may yet avail, and while the mental soil is prepared by nature to receive and nourish the seeds of virtue; but care must be observed, that in sowing them no bad ones he intermixed; for being of a more hardy

nature,

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