Mexico in 1606, while the latter continued his voyage of discovery, to the north and west. In his voyage north, Torres discovered the straits that bear his name, and skirted the coast of New Guinea for eight hundred leagues.

Quiros still had a desire to discover and see the unknown land (Australia), and made another trip to Spain, to enlist royal favor in a new expedition. Failing in this, he returned to Panama, where his life passed away in futile efforts to accomplish dreams of new discoveries and conquests in the South Sea. The last of that coterie of daring soldiers and navigators of the sixteenth century, his life ebbed away within sight and sound of the surf waves of the Pacific. The memoirs of Quiros, addressed to Philip III, published in Seville in 1610, clearly depict the type of men, who gave Spain her former wealth and glory in the New World.

ROGERS, WOODS.-English navigator; in the Royal Navy in 1708, and sailed in command on a voyage around the world, from Cork Harbor, September 1st, 1708. After rounding Cape Horn, Rogers sighted, and made a landing at, the island of Juan Fernandez, January 31st, 1709. Captain Rogers relates: Our yawl, which we had sent ashore, did not return as soon as we expected; so we sent our pinnace (armed) to see the occasion of her stay. The pinnace returned immediately from the shore, and brought abundance. of craw-fish, with a man clothed in goat-skins, who looked more wild than the first owners of them. He had been on the island four years and four months; his name was Alexander Selkirk, a Scotchman, who had been master of the Cinque Ports Galley, a ship

which came here with Captain Dampier, who told me that this was the best man in her; so I immediately agreed with him to be mate on board our ship. It was he that made the fire last night, judging our ships to be English.

Rogers continued his voyage from Juan Fernandez, by way of Guayaquil, the Galapagos, and the North American coast, making several valuable captures of Spanish galleons. From California, the expedition sailed across the Pacific to the Phillippines, and through the Molluccas, anchoring at Batavia. From thence, across the Indian Ocean, around the Cape of Good Hope, reaching the Thames, October 14th, 1711. Captain Rogers wrote an account of his voyage around the world, of which he says: This voyage being only designed for cruising on the enemy, it is not reasonable to expect such accounts in it, as are to be met. with in books of travels relating to history, geography, and the like. Something of that, however, I have inserted, to oblige the booksellers, who persuaded me that this would make it more grateful to some sort of readers. He died in 1732.

SAAVEDRA, ALVARO or ALONZO DE.-Was born about the beginning of the sixteenth century. A relative of Hernando Cortez, whom he accompanied to Mexico, he was alike a daring soldier and experienced navigator. Was sent in command of a small squadron, by Cortez, in 1526, for minor explorations in the South Sea, and afterwards ordered by Spain to cross the Pacific to the Spice Islands, on a voyage of discovery. Although the main object assigned, was the relief of Garcia de Loaisa, who had sailed from Corunna, in the track of Magellan, in 1525. He made some impor

tant discoveries and observations during the voyage, adding much to the knowledge, slowly accumulating, in regard to the Pacific. Saavedra went down, with his vessel, in a hurricane, on the equator.

As something has already been said of Saavedra, in different parts of this work, briefly giving an insight into his daring character, it would be but a repetition to recall it here.

In 1529, Saavedra, returning towards New Spain, had sight of land in two degrees south, and ran along it above five hundred leagues, when he saw people of black, curled hair, called Papua; but, having sailed four or five degrees to the south, he returned toward the north, and discovered an isle, which he called the Isle of Painted People. And a little beyond it, in ten or twelve degrees, he found many low, small isles, full of palm trees and grass, which he called los jardines. The natives wear white cloth, made of grass; never saw fire; eat cocoas and fish, and dig boats with shells. Saavedra, perceiving the weather to be good, sailed towards the firm land and city of Panama, there to unload the cloves and merchandise he had, which might be carried in carts four leagues, to the River Chagres, which is said to be navigable into the North Sea, not far from Nombre de Dios; by which all goods might be brought a shorter way than round about the Cape of Good Hope.

(John Harris: Collection of Voyages and Travels. London, 1705. Page 272.)

SCHOUTEN, WILLIAM CORNELIUS.-A celebrated Dutch navigator, who died in 1625. He was the discoverer of the Schouten Islands, rediscovered by Carteret, who named them Admiralty. His principal

voyage was in 1615, in command of the Concordia. An account of his expedition and adventures, in company with the intrepid Lemaire, was published in Amsterdam, in 1617.

SCHOUTEN, GAUTIER.-A Dutch navigator, who died in 1680. He was in the service of the Dutch East India Company, cruising principally among the islands of the East Indian Archipelago. A man of rare ability in his day, with a practical knowledge of the waters and islands of Western Oceanica, that served materially in establishing the foothold obtained by the Dutch in the Pacific. He published an account of his voyages, at Amsterdam, in 1676.

TASMAN, ABEL JANSEN.-Was born about 1600; time and manner of his death unknown. In the early part of his career, he served with the Dutch East India Company, in Japanese and Chinese waters, and later on, as a cruiser among the islands. In 1642, he was employed by the governor of the above company, to command in a voyage of discovery to the south of the line, and to ascertain the extent, if possible, of Australia, then known as New Holland. On the 24th of November, in the above year, he discovered the island of Tasmania, naming it Van Diemen's Land. The voyage, which occupied ten months, was one of some importance, as Tasman discovered New Zealand, the Fiji and Friendly groups, besides obtaining much valuable data in regard to Australia and New Guinea. He made a second voyage in 1644, with the intention of circumnavigating New Guinea and New Holland, of which there is no authentic data.

VANCOUVER, GEORGE.-Born in England in 1758; died there, May 10th, 1798. First sailed with Captain James Cook, in his second and third voyages; was made lieutenant, and served for some years in the West Indies. His fourth voyage was made in command in 1791, to the British possessions in Western North America, which he reached, after touching at the Sandwich Islands, in 1792, when he took possession of Vancouver Island, and made many valuable charts from his surveys of the northern coasts, as well as the settlement of some complications that had sprung up, in regard to Vancouver Island. During his surveys of the northern coast, his winters were spent in the Sandwich Islands. Returned to England in 1795, surveyed and made many valuable notes of the west coast of South America, on his way back.

WILKES, CHARLES.-Born in New York in 1801; served as midshipman in the U. S. Navy, in the Mediterranean, in 1816, and on the Pacific in 1821-3. On August 18th, 1838, sailed in command of a United States exploring expedition, to the South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with five vessels and one store ship, visiting, surveying and exploring many islands of the Pacific, and with the many scientific men under him, making a valuable record, and important discoveries in both oceans. In 1840, the squadron arrived at the Fiji Islands and the Hawaiian group, where the scientific observations, maps and charts made, have contributed a great deal to a correct knowledge of the Pacific. In 1841, sailed to the northwest coast of America, partially exploring the Columbia and Sacramento Rivers, and the Bay of San Francisco. In the same year, sailed from the latter harbor, visiting the