CHAPTER XI.

ISLANDS.

The Sandwich Islands.-Geological and Volcanic Features.

-The Sugar Cane-Its History.-History of the Ha-

waiian Group.-The Cotton Plant-Its History.-Prin-

cipal Islands in the Group.-Volcanic Mountain of

Mauna Loa.-The Burning Lake of Kilauea.-Island

Formation.-Islands, Pacific Coast of South America.-—

Guano Islands.-Easter Island.....

CHAPTER XII.

ISLAND PRODUCTS AND RESOURCES.

Pearls and Pearl Fishing.-Habits of the Pearl Oyster.-

Pearl Dredging.-Pearl Diving.-Noted Fisheries and

Gems.-Propogation of the Pearl Oyster.-Whale Fish-

eries. The Turtle and its Habits.-The Tortoise.-

Sponge Fisheries........

CHAPTER XIII.

ISLAND PRODUCTS AND RESOURCES.

The Robber Crab.-The Crab as a Gourmand-As a Lover

of Cocoanuts.-Their Strength and Tenacity. - The

Plantain and Banana.-Beche-de-mer Fishing.-Method

of Fishing.-Contracts with the Natives.-The Cocoa-

nut.-Trade in, and Value of, the Nut.-Coral, and

Coral Fishing....

PAGE.

171

173

188

CHAPTER XIV.

ISLAND PRODUCTS AND RESOURCES.

Paper-Its History.-Cinnamon.-Indigo.-Teak Wood.-

Rice. Silk. Pineapple.-Manila Hemp.- Pepper.-

Gutta Percha.-Screw Pine.-Resinous Gum Trees.-

General Remarks.........

CHAPTER XV.

OCEANIC ETHNOGRAPHY.

-

Oceanic Races.-Climate.-The Malays.-The Polynesians.
-The Micronesians. - The Melanesians. General

Characteristics.-The Australians.-Their Intellectual

Capacity. Influence of Ocean Currents.-Asiatic Influ-

ences in Peopling America.-Island Races.-The Equa-

torial Currents.-Taboo.-A Small Tribute to Religious

Missions and Missionaries........

201

213

CHAPTER XVI.

THE BIRTH, GROWTH AND DEATH OF ISLANDS.

Volcanic and Earthquake Lore.-Volcanic Fire-belt of the

Western Hemisphere.-Its Flow through South Amer-

ica. Through Central America and Mexico, and the

Pacific Coast.-Through the Islands.-Theory of Vol-

canoes and Earthquakes.....

CHAPTER XVII

COMMERCE, AND INTEROCEANIC CANALS.

The Panama Canal.—Memorandum Statement of Panama

Canal. Nicaragua Canal.-The Eads Tehuantepec

Ship Railway.-Commercial Results Anticipated.-Po-

litical Considerations of the Canal Question.....

CHAPTER XVIII.

PAGE.

243

255

CURRENTS, WINDS, RAINS AND STORMS OF THE PACIFIC.

Velocity and Force of Wind.-Monsoons.-Effect of Mon-

soons. Typhoons-Their Explanation.- Rainfall of

the Pacific Islands.-List of (with Latitude and Longi-

tude) the Principal Harbors in the Island World......... 270

CHAPTER XIX.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL.

The Merchants of the Olden Time.-The Phoenicians.—

Their Commerce.-Their Inventions and Manufactures.

As Navigators.-The Compass.- Properties of the

Magnetic Needle.-By Whom Invented.- Homer's

Knowledge of Ship Building.-Early Navigators of

the Pacific (Anson.--Balboa.- Beechey.-Banks.—

Bougainville.--Behring.-Byron.-Carteret.-Cook.—

Cavendish. Dampier. -- Dana. — Darwin.— Drake.—

Cortez. Fernandez.-Fitzroy.-Franklin.-Humboldt.

Kotzebue.- Krusenstern.-Magellan.- Perry.-Pizar-

ro.- La Perouse. - Polo.-Quiros.-Rogers.—Saave-

dra. — Schouten, W. C.-Schouten, G. -Tasman.-

Vancouver. Wilkes.)........

CHAPTER XX.

ISLAND MISCELLANY, AND DEPTHS OF THE SEA.

Norfolk Island.-The Chatam Group.-Ponape or Ascension

Island.-Strong_Island.-Ocean Island.-The Depths

of the Ocean.-Bottom of the Sea........

290

328