...

from the German Laube. But query. Mozin's Wörterbuch defines Laube as gallerie, halle, portique. Several dictionaries explain lobby as the same as ante-chamber, which is nearer that definition as a largish room. The only intelligible reference as an explanation given by Johnson is the one to Wotton, who uses the word in the line, "A kind of lobby between that room and the next, where were divers attending him. Towards which passage. ." This use of the word would intimate a very small sort of apartment, even if it could be designated by that term, 'passage" evidently being the proper one. On an engraving of a plan of a house in a volume dated 1771, the word lobby is given to a large room on the basement under the great entrance-hall over it; a similar apartment on two other plans in the same work is called a "sub-hall," otherwise lobby is not used; and "closet" and "wardrobe" would appear to be the terms in vogue in the plans engraved in the earlier century, and taken from the French originals. Is it not more probable, therefore, that

the word came from the somewhat obscure term lob, a lump of dirt, seeing that one or other of those rooms was generally used as a "convenience" in the time of Henry VIII., Elizabeth, and later, say down to George II. (?), and hence, probably, the disrespectful appellation to those who had to wait in attendance on the great. W. P.

RHYMING LATIN INSCRIPTIONS. Fifty-four years ago a rubbing of a very curious old monumental brass in Oddington church, near Oxford, was given to me by Mr. Hilton, then an aged antiquary, at Oxford. The effigy is a skeleton, out of which at the eye-sockets, mouth, ribs, abdomen, and other parts, are representations of large crawling worms--the whole figure lying in a winding sheet, which is gathered and tied together at the head and feet. On a scroll above are the following verses:

"Vermibus hic donor | et sic ostendere conor Q'd sicut hic ponor | ponitur ois honor." And below is the following epitaph :

"Orate p aïa mri Randulphi hamsterlay quodam socii collegii de merton in oxonie et rectoris huius ecclie qui obiit Anno æ.... M° CCCCC°.... die decembris.. Should the brass be now defaced or removed, this account may be worthy of preservation in "N. & Q."

Winterton, Lincolnshire.

J. F.

EUROPEAN RELICS IN AMERICA.-A gentleman of this city has in his possession a Prayer-book which belonged to Charles I., containing marginal notes said to be in his handwriting. It once belonged to the late Duke of Sussex.

In the church at Church Creek, Dorchester county, Maryland, is the cushion upon which

"Copies of many tombstone inscriptions in the churchyards of Donnybrook and St. Matthew's, Ringsend (both in the parish of Donnybrook), having appeared in Brief Sketches of the Parishes of Booterstown and Donnybrook, in the County of Dublin, pp. 124-138, 152-157, it has been deemed advisable to add to the number; and accordingly other inscriptions in the same cemeteries, over the graves of persons who had been of more or less note in their re

spective stations, have been carefully transcribed. In

several cases the stones have suffered from the effects of the weather; for example, the one erected over the grave of Sir James Stratford Tynte, Bart., mentioned in p. 127. The greater portion of the inscription upon it has disappeared, but through the foresight of the late Sir William Betham (who copied many of the inscriptions at MSS. in the British Museum, 23,684-7.) To historians, Donnybrook), the particulars have been preserved. (Add. topographers, genealogists, and others, tombstone inscriptions have oftentimes proved most useful; and it is much to be wished that measures should at once be taken throughout the land to have them properly transcribed and recorded for the public good. With this object in view, and to show what may be done with a little trouble, the following are presented to the reader."

This subject, if I mistake not, is a very fit and proper one for the consideration of the readers of "N. & Q." Авива.

and died in 1684, when the title became extinct. His arms were 66 sable, on a chevron or between three griffins' heads erased argt. as many estoiles gules-crest, unicorn's head erased or semée d'estoiles gules." Berry's Encyclopædia Heraldica appears to refer for such arms and crest for Beale of London, to "Heralds' Office, London, C. 24." As the title became extinct in 1684, can you also inform me from which family of Beale Sir John was descended, and what collateral descendants he had? Berry refers "George Thomas Beale of Cork, Esq.," to the London stock, and says that in 1828 he bore, "Sa. on a chev. ar. betw. three griffins' heads, erased, or as many estoiles gu.crest, an unicorn's head, erased, or charged with an estoile gu." Motto, "Malo mori fœdari." quam See Plate of Arms. And can you also inform me whether there is, heraldically, any national descent implied in the colour of the field? As in the majority of cases, not only in the arms for sundry families of the name of Beale, but in those for numerous families having a variation in orthography, more or less divergent from Beale, the colour of the field is sable, and so far appears to connect the whole heraldically, either consanguineously, or by reference to some original national appellation. For instance, on page 837 of Mr. Walford's County Families for 1864, 2nd edition, a note to a certain family says:—

"This family is descended in the female line from the ancient house of De Revell, which traces its descent as far back as 1250; also, by its alliance with the BELLI family, from the old Spanish ducal house of Bivar, and the ancient Florentine house of De Medici."

And Berry seemingly furnishes a clue under the name of Gurnay; for he says, vol. 2, "Gurnay, or Gournay (ancient) Normandy and NorfolkSable"-without the addition of crest, ordinary, or any charge whatever; which seems to imply that a sable field denoted a Norman origin. Is

it so?

BEALE.

BRETON AIRS.—Mr. Jephson, in his Walking Tour in Brittany, published in 1859, p. 313, says :"The mere melody of an air generally conveys so imperfect an idea of its effect to ordinary hearers, that I have added the accompaniments for the pianoforte, as published in an appendix to M. de la Villemarqué's BarzazBreiz."

Will any of your correspondents kindly inform

me who are the publishers of the appendix containing the accompaniments for the pianoforte ? My copy contains the notes of the melodies only of about seventy airs. VRYAN RHEGED.

A BURNS QUERY. There were two cousins, John Geddes and Alexander Geddes, natives of Banffshire, and born somewhere between 1730 and 1740, being both clerical members of the Catholic Church. In Chambers (vol. iii. p. 21), we find a

letter addressed by Burns to Bishop Geddes, dated "Ellisland, Feb. 3, 1789"; and in a note Chambers says, that it was to Alexander Geddes. The query I put is-How is it known that it is to Alexander Geddes and not to John Geddes ? Did Alexander Geddes even reach the dignity of bishop? He was no doubt a learned man, and had the honour of LL.D. in 1780 from the University of King's College, Aberdeen-the first and last clergyman of that persuasion, so far as I am aware, that was so honoured since the Reformation. Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to clear up this doubtful point, if it be at all doubtful. CRAUFURD TAIT RAMAGE.

"At its best days it was a very charming retreat where the most brilliant, most Bohemian, but, at the same time, most gentlemanly club in London was held, namely, the Fielding. It was here that the famous Amateur Pantomime,' which took the town in 1855, and again in 1856, was planned. The room was very quaintly and curiously decorated, each member had a panel in the old wainscoating, which he decorated according to his own idea: for instance-Albert Smith had views of Mont Blanc, Arthur Smith's was filled with photographs of the members, with a small mirror in the middle, with the inscription underneath it, 'Another member of the Fielding Club.' I won

der what has become of those panels now. How valuable they would be if they are preserved!" Perhaps some of your readers may be in a position to give an answer to Rambler's inquiry?

THE EDITOR OF "DEBRETT.”

IMPLEMENTUM ECCLESIA. - Mr. Hill quotes from a MS. the following entry : —

"A°. 1408, Jones Revell psentatus p Robertum Easbach Dñum de Easbach qui 6 marcas sterling' pro imple

mento suo dicta ecctiæ liberavit, et idem Joties successori suo dimittit, et sic à Rectore ad Rectorem quotiescunque Ecctia vacaverit."

LINCOLNSHIRE ELECTION FREAK. What authority is there for the statement that was made some ten years ago in the Lincolnshire newspaper (Stamford Mercury, June 11, June 18, 1858), that at a certain contest for that county the Tory candidate lost his election because, during a drunken freak, he insisted on drinking the health of the Pretender on his knees? CORNUB.

LETTER FROM LORD BACON TO KING JAMES. What is the meaning of the last clause in the following passage, which is in a letter from Lord Bacon to King James:

"The justice upon my Lord Sanquir hath done your Majesty a great deal of right, showing that your Majesty is fixed in that resolution,

Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur':

which certainly hath rectified the spleen-side, howsoever

it is with the liver."-Letters and Life of Francis Bacon, edited by James Spedding, vol. iv. p. 370. D.

LOUIS CADAMOSTO, VENETIAN NAVIGATOR, A.D. 1422-1464.—“The Portuguese under Vasco de Gama, in 1497, doubled the Cape of Good Hope, discovered in 1455 by Cadamosto, a Venetian navigator." (Extract Pigafetta's Voyage Round the World, vol. ii. p. 292, Pinkerton's loyages and Travels.) Does any account exist of the above alleged discovery of the Cape of Good Hope by Cadamosto; and if so, in what collection of travels is it to be found? R. R. W. ELLIS. Starcross, near Exeter.

QUOTATIONS WANTED.-Where in S. Anselm's works is the following passage to be found?

"Anima mea, anima erumpnosa [? ærumnosa], anima inquam misera miseri hominiculi, excute torporem tuum et discute peccatum tuum, et concute mentem tuam. Deduc, &c. &c." W. T. T. D.

"It takes a very little water to make a perfect pool for a tiny fish to swim in”; and

"Who pain anticipates, that pain feels twice, And often feels in vain." "Doubt is devil-born."

C. J. N. E. K. W.

ROUGH. I had been under the impression that the cant-word rough, of which we hear so much in the electioneering seasons, was rather a creation of a recent period, and scarcely so applied, at any rate commonly, even in my own youth. I do not find it explained as applying to "coarse vulgar men" (see Hotten's Slang Dictionary) either by Bailey or Halliwell. In Motley's UnitedNetherlands, however (vol. iv. p. 138), there is the following passage:

"The great Queen was besought by the counsel

lors around her to name the man to whom she chose that the crown should devolve: Not to a rough (said Elizabeth), sententiously and grimly.""

And this statement he confirms by a quotation from a despatch of (I presume the Venetian) Secretary Scaramelli: "disse ella queste sole parole: no ad un rough, che in lingua Inglese significa persona bassa e vile," etc.

Any further illustration of the word, or instances of its similar usage in early times, might be interesting to your readers. C. W. BINGHAM.

"ELIZABETH SAWYER, THE WITCH.” — Information is particularly requested as to where a Copy may be seen of The Wonderful Discovery of Elizabeth Sawyer, a Witch, &c. 1621, 4to. AD early answer will greatly oblige the querist.

E. M.

SPES MEA: MOTTO OF A BRANCH OF MACDONALDS.-I wish very much to trace a branch of Macdonalds through their motto 66 Spes mea." They are said to have descended from a daughter of the first royal Stewart, as appears by an old seal in my brother's possession, on which are, without tinctures-(1) A lymphad for Lords of the Isles; (2) three lions rampant, 2 and 1 for Ross; (3) three garbs for Buchan; and (4) a bend charged with three buckles for Lesley. I presume "Spes mea" and "My hope is constant in thee" are one and the same, and refer to a common origin. This, if so, may assist elucidation.

Seaton Carew, co. Durham.

R. W. DIXON.

"STONEING CROSS."- Will. Dowsing in his journal makes frequent mention of "stoneing" crosses, which were among the things against

which his puritan face was resolutely set. I imagine these to have been the crosses used as finials on chancels, porches, &c.; but why were they called "stoneing"? Is that the seventeenth century for stone? ST. SWITHIN.

BRITISH TRIADS.-A letter by Meirion, printed in the Monthly Magazine, vol. xi. pp. 228-32 (1801), contains a few British triads accompanied with translations, and amongst them the following:

“ Triad II.—Tair Rhagynys gysevin Ynys Prydain : Orc, Manaw, a Gwyth. A gwedi hyny y tores y môr tir, onid aeth Môn yn ynys; ac yn unwez ynys Orc à dored, onid aeth yno liaws o ynysoz; a myned yn ynysoz à wnaeth mánau ereill o Alban, a thir Cymru."

"Translation. The three original adjoining islands of the Isle of Britain: Orkney, Man, and Wight. And afterwards the sea broke the land, so that Anglesey became an island; and in like manner the Isle of Orkney was broken, so that in that place there became many islands; and other places in Alban, and in the land of Cymru, became islands."

I shall be greatly obliged if any reader of "N. & Q." acquainted with the ancient British literature will be so good as to state whether the foregoing translation, more especially as concerns the Isle of Wight, is trustworthy; and also, what is the most modern date which can be assigned to the triad itself? WM. PENGElly.

Torquay.

WASHING IN THE SAME WATER.-A lady who had been brought up in Kent refused at a pic-nic to wash her hands in the same bason of water that had been, or would be afterwards, used by another, alleging that such persons were sure to quarrel. This belief did not extend to running water. Is this widespread, and what is its origin? Is it some old housekeeper's cleanly wile which has gradually grown into a belief, or is it some perverted remembrance of "he that dippeth his hand with me in the dish"? B. NICHOLSON. West Australia.

Queries with Answers.

HERTFORD COLLEGE, OXFORD.-Who were the successors of Dr. Newton, founder and first principal of this college, which before its endowment was known by the name of Hert Hall? The Oxford Calendar for 1810 (the earliest I have seen) states that the college had been without a principal since 1805, and had then but one fellow, Rev. R. Hewett. I have heard that according to Dr. Newton's statutes, the election of a principal 'by the fellows was to be confirmed by the dean and chapter of Christ Church, who, owing to some jealousy or other, refused to do what was required, whereupon as a corporation without a head

the college at last came to an end, and its property, I believe, merged in the crown. E. H. A.

[The four principals of Hertford College were: (1) Richard Newton, D.D., a person of some celebrity in his day; (2) William Sharpe, M.A., afterwards Regius Professor of Greek; (3) David Durell, M.A., who distinguished himself as an Hebraist; (4) Bernard Hodgson, M.A., who died in 1805. To the last no successor has since been found, for after his death so little interest was taken in this establishment, that the time limited for the appointment of a principal was suffered to elapse, and the corporation became extinct. The present establishment of Magdalene Hall, which is at least the third, if not the fourth, of the name, has arisen out of the ruins of the incomplete and unfortunate foundation of Dr. Newton, who, by an injudicious attempt to convert Hert Hall into Hertford College, contrived a plan, unconsciously, for the destruction of both.— Vide Ingram's Memorials of Oxford, 1837, vol. ii.]

"THE OWL AND THE NIGHTINGALE."— Which is the best edition of this nervously written little poem? I have that of the Percy Society, but shall be glad to hear of a later one giving the MS. contractions in italics, and the "thorn" letter. COLIN CLOUTES.

Clapham.

[The old English poem of "The Owl and the Nightingale" is found in two manuscripts, one in the British.

Museum, Cotton Calig. A. IX., of the first half of the thirteenth century; the other in the library of Jesus College, Oxford, No. xxix. art. 3, of the latter half of the thirteenth century. There are three printed editions of it: (1) by J. Stevenson in 1838 for the Roxburgh Club from the Cotton MS., with a few readings of the Jesu3 College MS.; (2) by Thomas Wright, in 1843, from the Cotton MS.; (3) by Francis Henry Stratmann, of Kre feld, in 1868, founded on a careful collation of both manuscripts, the different readings of which are noted at the bottom of the page. The "thorn letter" (Þ) is used throughout the last edition.]

LADY WALLACE.-In 1788 there was a comedy acted at Covent Garden Theatre called The Ton; or, Follies of Fashion, by Lady Wallace. Is it known who this lady was? One of the same name was sister to the celebrated Jane, Duchess of Gordon. She was well known for her wit and clever repartees, some of which she exchanged with Henry Erskine. Was she the authoress ?

The play appears to have been unsuccessful, which induced her to publish it with a preface in which she ascribes its rejection to malicious opposition:

"This began before its opponents heard, saw, or were made acquainted with any part of the play. They took every step which rage or malice could dictate to prevent the mirror from being placed before them."

She allows, however, that another matter had

its share in causing its condemnation. Wishing seemingly to be complimentary to Thomas Erskine (the future Chancellor) she makes one of her characters describe him as the "benevolent eloquent Erskine," with the addition of much fulsome verbiage. She says in her preface that, " from the riot which the mention of his name occasioned," and from its also proving disagreeable to him, "she is convinced that she was wrong in naming him." Is there any account to be found of the circumstances of this riot? The play is but a silly production, and really met its fate on its own merits.

Edinburgh.

G.

[Lady Eglinton Wallace was the youngest daughter of Sir William Maxwell of Monreith, co. Wigtoun, and sister of the fourth Duchess of Gordon. She married, on Sept. 4, 1772, Sir Thomas Wallace, Bart., of Craigie, and died at Munich on March 28, 1803. Her comedy, The Ton, was brought out at Covent Garden on April 8, 1788, and was peculiarly unfortunate in its representation. It was strongly opposed the first night, still more powerfully the second, and got through the third merely by a compromise between the audience and the managers that it should be finally withdrawn.]

THE VIRGIN QUEEN.-Where can I find an account of Jonson's conversation with Drummond, as to Q. Elizabeth's incapacity for bearing children, which is mentioned by MR. KEIGHTLEY in 4th S. ii. 389? I have looked through the "Heads of a Conversation," &c., in an early folio edition of Drummond's works, but there is no mention of the Queen. M.

[The account of Queen Elizabeth's surmised infirmity may be found in Notes of Ben Jonson's Conversation with William Drummond, p. 23, published by the Shakespeare Society in 1842.]

EDMOND HOWES.-Is anything known of Edmond Howes, the editor of Stow's London?

X.

[Very little appears to be known of the personal history of Edmond Howes. In our First Series (vi. 199) we gave some account of his "painefull travails and thirty yeeres labours," as the continuator of the Annales of the venerable John Stow.]

BISHOP COX AND DR. WILLIAM COX.-Will you permit me to inquire, through the medium of your pages, whether Richard Cox, born at Whaddon, Bucks, 1500, and Bishop of Ely temp. Elizabeth, was of the same family as William Cox, D. D., precentor of Chichester cathedral temp. Charles I., and where I can find any information about these families or their descendants ?

A. B. Y. Z. [The bishop and precentor were of different families. Bishop Richard Cox was born at Whaddon in Buckinghamshire; whereas William Cox, D. D., precentor at

Chichester, according to Wood, Athenæ Oxon. edit. 1813, i. 124, was connected with the Monmouth family of that name. The best account of the bishop is given in Cooper's Athena Cantabrigienses, i. 437-445, which also contains numerous references to other works. In the church of Tillington is a brass of the precentor, who is described as "Guil. Cox, S. T. P. Ecclesia Cathedralis S. Trinitatis Cicestrensis dignissimus Præcentor. . . . Obiit circa xv Febru. Anno Æræ Christianæ, 1658"; but in Hardy's edition of Fasti Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ, i. 266, Dr. Cox is said to have died on Jan. 29, 1631-2. Probably this is the William Cox whose brutal treatment by the parliamentarians is noticed in Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, part ii. p. 27.]

Replies.

ERRONEOUS PUNCTUATION.
(4th S. ii. 527.)

If, which I much doubt, the knowledge of punctuation is, as MR. KEIGHTLEY says, almost confined to printers, it nearly comes to saying that it is an unknown art; for it is very certain printers do not understand it. If authors do not understand it, the more shame for them. MR. KEIGHTLEY correctly says, it is a "delicate logical process" in many cases, and it concerns authors materially. They, too, ought to be able to understand it; but it is not reasonable to expect it of printers.

The proper use of the interrogative note is perpetually omitted in modern books. I apprehend there is a fallacy in MR. KEIGHTLEY's allegation of instances, and that they are not homogeneous.

Such cases as his first quotation represents, Say what did," &c., may be taken with equal correctness two ways. It may be as MR. KEIGHTLEY puts it, a request and not a question, and then no doubt there should be no note of interrogation. But it is quite as correct to understand a pause, or an ellipsis of "this," after "say "-meaning, "Answer this question' what,' ""&c.: and then the interrogation is right.

But it is manifest that the option in this single case arises from the introduction of the relative "what." In every one of the other cases it would be a most violent construction to omit the direct interrogation. It can only be done, as MR. KEIGHTLEY suggests, by having recourse to the poetical license (at least it is almost confined to poetry or poetical expression) of putting the nominative after the verb. But that ought not to be done, according to the usage of the language,when it produces ambiguity or an unnatural sense.

The natural sense of "Am I" is clearly interrogative, except where the context plainly makes it otherwise. In one of the passages from Henry IV. the obvious sense, according to MR.