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in all, that though he was his eldest fon, he could give him no better education than his own employment. He had bred him, it is true, for fome time at a free-fchool, where, it is probable, he acquired what Latin he was mafter of: but the narrowness of his circumftances, and the want of his affistance at home, forced his father to withdraw him from thence, and unhappily prevented his further proficiency in that language. It is without controversy, that in his works we fcarce find any traces of any thing that looks like an imitation of the ancients. The delicacy of his tafte, and the natural bent of his own great genius, (equal, if not fuperior, to fome of the best of theirs,) would certainly have led him to read and ftudy them with so much pleasure, that fome of their fine images would naturally have infinuated themselves into, and been mixed with his own writings; fo that his not copying at leaft fomething from them, may be an argument of his never having read them. Whether his ignorance of the ancients were a difadvantage to him or no, may admit of a difpute: for though the knowledge of them might have made him more correct, yet it is not improbable but that the regularity and deference p. 24, that he was a juftice of the peace, and poffeffed of lands and tenements to the amount of 5ool.

Our poet's mother was the daughter and heir of Robert Arden. of Wellingcote, in the county of Warwick, who, in the Mf. above referred to, is called a gentleman of worship. The family of Arden is a very ancient one; Robert Arden of Bromwich, efq, being in the lift of the gentry of this county, returned by the commiffioners in the twelfth year of King Henry VI. A. D. 1433. Edward Arden was Sherif of the county in 1568. The woodland part of this county was anciently called Ardern; afterwards foftened to Arden. Hence the name, MALONE.

3 He had bred him, it is true, for fome time at a free-fchool.) The free-fchool, I prefume, founded at Stratford. THEOBALD.

for them, which would have attended that correctness, might have restrained fome of that fire, impetuofity, and even beautiful extravagance, which we admire in Shakspeare and I believe we are better pleased with those thoughts, altogether new and uncommon, which his own imagination fupplied him so abundantly with, than if he had given us the most beautiful paffages out of the Greek and Latin poets, and that in the moft agreeable manner that it was poffible for a master of the English language to deliver them.

Upon his leaving school, he seems to have given entirely into that way of living which his father propofed to him; and in order to fettle in the world after a family manner, he thought fit to marry while he was yet very young.' His wife was the daughter of one Hathaway, faid to have been a fubftantial

4 into that way of living which his father propofed to him ;) I believe, that on leaving fchool, Shakfpeare was placed in the office of fome country attorney, or the fenefchal of fome manor court. See the Effay on the order of his plays, Article, Hamlet. MALONE.

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he thought fit to marry while he was yet very young.) It is certain he did fo; for by the monument in Stratford church erected to the memory of his daughter, Sufanna, the wife of John Hall, gentleman, it appears, that fhe died on the 2d of July, 1649, aged 66: fo that she was born in 1583, when her father could not be full 19 years old. THEOBALD.

Sufanna, who was our poet's eldeft child, was baptized, May 26, 1583. Shakspeare therefore, having been born in April 1564, was nineteen the month preceding her birth. Mr. Theobald was miftaken in fuppofing that a monument was erected to her in the church of Stratford. There is no memorial there in honor of either our poet's wife or daughter, except flat tomb-ftones, by which, however, the time of their respective deaths is afcertained. - His daughter, Susanna, died, not on the fecond, but the eleventh of July, 1649. Theobald was led into this error by Dugdale. MALONE.

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6 His wife was the daughter of one Hathaway,) She was eight years older than her husband, and died in 1623, at the 67 years. THEOBALD.

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yeoman in the neighbourhood of Stratford. In this kind of fettlement he continued for fome time, till an extravagance that he was guilty of forced him both out of his country, and that way of living which he had taken up; and though it seemed at first to be a blemish upon his good manners, and a misfortune to him, yet it afterwards happily proved the occafion of exerting one of the greatest geniuses that ever was known in dramatick poetry. He had by a misfortune common enough to young fellows, fallen into ill company; and amongst them, fome that made a fre quent practice of deer-ftealing, engaged him more than once in robbing a park that belonged to Sir Thomas Lucy, of Charlecote, near Stratford. For this he was profecuted by that gentleman, as he thought, fomewhat too feverely; and in order to revenge that ill ufage, he made a ballad upon him. And though this, probably the first effay of his poetry, be loft, yet it is faid to have been fo very bitter, that it redoubled The following is the infcription on her tomb-ftone in the

church of Stratford:

Here lyeth interred the body of ANNE, wife of William Shakspeare, who departed this life the 6th day of Auguft, 1623, being of the age of 67 yeares. "

After this infcription follow fix Latin verfes, not worth preferving. MALONE.

in order to revenge that illufage, he made a ballad upon him.) Mr. William Oldys, (Norroy King at Arms, and well known from the fhare he had in compiling the Biographia Britannica) among the collections which he left for a Life of Shakspeare, obferves, that 6 — there was a very aged gentleman living in the neighbourhood of Stratford, (where he died fifty years fince) who had not only heard, from feveral old people in that town, of Shakspeare's tranfgreffion, but could remember the firft ftanza of that bitter ballad, which, repeating to one of his. acquaintance, he preferved it in writing; and here it is neither. better nor worse, but faithfully tranfcribed from the copy which his relation very courteously communicated to me.

the profecution against him to that degree, that he was obliged to leave his business and family in A parliamente member, a justice of peace,

At home a poor fcare-crowe, at London an affe,
"If lowfie is Lucy, as fome volke miscalle it,
Then Lucy is lowfie whatever befall it:
"He thinks himself greate,

"Yet an affe in his ftate

"We allowe by his ears but with affes to mate.
If Lucy is lowfie, as fome volke mifcalle it,
"Sing lowfie Lucy, whatever befall it."

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Contemptible as this performance muft now appear, at the time when it was written it might have had fufficient power to irritate a vain, weak, and vindi&tive magiftrate; especially as it was affixed to feveral of his park-gates, and confequently published among his neighbours. It may be remarked likewife, that the jingle on which it turns, occurs in the first scene of The Merry Wives of Windfor.

I may add, that the veracity of the late Mr. Oldys has never yet been impeached, and it is not very probable that a ballad fhould be forged, from which an undiscovered wag could derive no triumph over antiquarian credulity. STEEVENS.

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According to Mr. Capell, this ballad came originally from Mr. Thomas Jones, who lived at Tarbick, a.village in Worcefterfhire, about 18 miles from Stratford-upon-Avon, and died in 1703, aged upwards of ninety. He remembered to have heard from feveral old people at Stratford the story of Shakspeare's robbing Sir Thomas Lucy's park; and their account of it agreed with Mr. Rowe's, with this addition, that the ballad written againft Sir Thomas Lucy by Shakspeare was ftuck upon his park-gate, which exafperated the knight to apply to a lawyer at Warwick to proceed against him. Mr. Jones (it is added) put down in writing the firft stanza ofthis ballad, which was all he remembered of it. " In a note on the transcript with which Mr. Capell was furnished, it is said, that

the people of thofe parts pronounce low fie like Lucy.", They do fo at this day in Scotland. Mr. Wilkes, grandfon of the gentleman to whom Mr. Jones repeated the ftanza, appears to have been the person who gave a copy of it to Mr. Oldys, and Mr. Capell.

In a Manufcript Hiftory of the Stage, full of forgeries and falfehoods of various kinds, written (I fufpect by William Chetwood the prompter) fome time between April 1727 and

Warwickshire, for some time, and shelter himself in London.

It is at this time, and upon this accident, that he is faid to have made his firft acquaintance in the playhouse. He was received into the company then in being, at first in a very mean rank, but his admirable wit, and the natural turn of it to the stage, soon diftinguished him, if not as an extraordinary actor, yet as an excellent writer. His name is printed, as the custom was in thofe times, amongst thofe of the other players, before fome old plays, but without any particular account of what fort of parts he used to play; and though I have inquired, I could never meet with any further account of him this way, than that the top of his performance was the Ghost in his October 1730, is the following paffage, to which the reader will give juft as much credit as he thinks fit:

Here we fhall observe, that the learned Mr. Joshua Barnes, late Greek Professor of the University of Cambridge, baiting about forty years ago at an inn in Stratford, and hearing an old woman finging part of the above-faid fong, fuch was his refpect for Mr. Shakspeare's genius, that he gave her a new gown for the two following ftanzas in it; and, could fhe have faid it all, he would (as he often faid in company, when any dif courfe has cafually arofe about him) have given her ten guineas.

Sir Thomas was too covetous,

"To covet fo much deer,

"When horns enough upon his head,
"Most plainly did appear.

Had not his worship one deer left?
"What then? He had a wife

Took pains enough to find him horns

"Should laft him during life.", MALONE.

8. He was received into the company - at first in a very mean rank;) There is a ftage tradition, that his firft office in the theatre was that of Call-boy, or prompter's attendant; whofe employmeut it is to give the performers notice to be ready to enter, as often as the bufinefs of the play requires their appearance on the stage. MALONE.

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