RIPON CATHEDRAL. Lower part, east end, and south-east angle (Norman), of coarse sandstone of the vicinity, in good condition. The west front, the transepts, and tower (of the 12th and 13th centuries), of the coarse sandstone of the vicinity, in fair condition. The mouldings, although generally decomposed, are not effaced. The dog's-teeth ornaments in most parts nearly perfect. The aisles of the naves, the clerestory, and the choir (of the 14th and 15th centuries), of coarse sandstone and magnesian limestone intermixed, not in good condition; the latter stone, on the south side, often in fair condition. The lower parts of the building generally, but particularly the west fronts, which are of coarse sandstone, are very much decomposed.

RIVAULX ABBEY, Yorkshire (12th century). Of a sandstone at Hollands, one mile from the ruins; generally in excellent condition. West front slightly decomposed; south front remarkably perfect, even to the preservation of the original toolmarks. SHAFTESBURY, Dorsetshire. St. Peter's Church (15th century). Of a green siliceous sandstone, from quarries half a mile south of the church. The whole building much decomposed. The tower is bound together by iron, and is unsafe, owing to the inferior quality of the stone.

SPOFFORTH CASTLE, Yorkshire (14th century). Of coarse red sandstone; more or less, but generally much, decomposed. The dressings of the windows and doors, of a semicrystalline magnesian limestone, are in perfect state, the mouldings and enrichments being exquisitely sharp and beautiful.

TINTERN ABBEY (13th century). Considerable remains of red and grey sandstones of the vicinity, in part laminated. In unequal condition, but for the most part in perfect condition; covered with grey and green lichens.

TISBURY CHURCH (13th and 14th centuries; the lower part of the tower of the 12th century). Of calciferous limestone from Tisbury. The dressings are composed of stone throughout, in perfect condition. The ashlar variable; in part much decomposed; the undecomposed portions are covered with lichens. Tombstones in the churchyard generally in good condition, some being more than a century old. The houses of the village built generally of the Tisbury stone, and are in very good condition. The whole covered with lichens.

WAKEFIELD PARISH CHURCH, Yorkshire (tower and spire of the 16th century). Of sandstone, much decomposed. The body of the church, of recent date, of sandstone, strongly laminated, and generally decomposed between the lamina. WHITBY ABBEY (13th century). Of stone similar to that of Aislaby Brow, in the vicinity; generally in good condition, with the exception of the west front, which is very much decomposed. The stone used is of two colours, brown and white; the former, in all cases, more decomposed than the latter. The dog's-teeth and other enrichments in the east front are in good condition.

LIMESTONE BUILDINGS.

BATH. Abbey church (1576), built of an oolite in the vicinity. The tower is in fair condition. The body of the church, in the upper part of the south and west sides, much decomposed. The lower parts, formerly in contact with buildings, are in a more perfect state; the reliefs in the west front of Jacob's ladder are in parts nearly effaced. Queen's Square, north side, and the obelisk in the centre, built above 100 years since, of an oolite with shells, in fair condition. Circus (built about 1750), of an oolite in the vicinity, generally in fair condition, except those portions which have a west and southern aspect, where the most exposed parts are decomposed. Crescent (built above 50 years since), of an oolite of the vicinity, generally in fair condition, except in a few places, where the stone appears to be of inferior quality. BRISTOL CATHEDRAL (of the 13th and 14th centuries). Built of red sandstone and apparently a yellow limestone (magnesian?) strangely intermixed. The red sandstone in all cases decomposed; the limestone more rarely decayed. The tracery, &c. of the windows, which are of the limestone, are in good condition, but the pinnacles and dressings of the same material much decomposed. The east end of the cathedral is a remarkable instance of the decay and preservation of the two stones employed. Norman gateway, west of the cathedral (the upper part of the 15th century), the Norman archway and its enrichments, which are of a very florid character, built of yellow limestone (magnesian ?), in excellent condition.

ST. MARY REDCLIFFE (tower of the 12th century; body of the church of the 15th century). Of oolitic limestone, from Dundry; very much decomposed.

BURLEIGH HOUSE (15th century). Of a shelly oolite (Barnack rag), in excellent condition throughout. The late additions are of Ketton stone.

BYLAND ABBEY, Yorkshire (12th century). In part of a siliceous grit (principally in the interior), and in part (chiefly on the exterior) of a compact oolite, from the Wass quarries in the vicinity. The west front, which is of the oolite, is in perfect condition,

even in the dog's-teeth and other florid decorations of the doorways, &c. This building is generally covered with lichens.

COLLEY WESTON CHURCH, Northamptonshire (14th century). Of a shelly oolite (Barnack rag), in perfect condition throughout.

DORCHESTER.

St. Peter's Church (15th century). Of laminated oolite, somewhat similar to that of Portland, and of a shelly limestone, somewhat resembling that of Hamhill. The latter used in pinnacles, parapets, and dressings. The whole in a decomposed

state. GLASTONBURY Abbey. Joseph of Arimathea's Chapel. Considerable ruins; Norman, of shelly limestone, similar to that of Doulting; generally in good condition; the zig-zag and other enrichments perfect; the capitals of the columns, corbels, &c. are of blue lias, much decomposed, and in some cases have disappeared. The Church. Considerable remains of the choir, and a small portion of the nave (11th century), of shelly limestone, similar to that of Doulting, in good condition. St. Benedict's Parish Church (14th century). Of limestone, similar to that of Doulting, in good condition. St. John the Baptist's Parish Church (15th century). Of stone similar to that of Doulting, generally in fair condition.

GLOCESTER Cathedral, (Norman for the greater part, altered and cased in the 15th century). Built of a fine-grained and ill-cemented oolite, a shelly oolite, and a red sandstone (north side) intermixed, the former constituting the greatest portion of the edifice. The tower (15th century), of shelly oolite, in perfect condition. The early turrets of the south transept are also in good condition. The body of the building is much decomposed. The great cloister is built of the same materials as the cathedral. The moulded and decorated work is in good condition; the other parts are more or less decomposed. The great cloister is built of a fine oolite, with a compact cement, and is in good condition. St. Nicholas's Church (body Norman; tower and spire, 15th century), of a shelly and inferior kind of oolite intermixed, and in unequal condition. St. Michael's Church (15th century), built of same stone as that of St. Nicholas, and in the same condition.

GRANTHAM CHURCH (13th century). Lofty tower and spire at the west end. Built of an oolite, similar to that of Ancaster, in good condition, more especially the tower, except as to some portions of the base mouldings.

KETTON CHURCH, Rutlandshire. (West entrance door, Norman; tower of the 12th or 13th century; nave, aisles, and chancel of the 14th century). Of a shelly oolite (Barnack rag), in good condition. Dog's-teeth, carved corbels, and other enrichments in a perfect state.

KETTERING CHURCH (14th and 15th centuries). Of a shelly oolite, fine-grained, the greater portion resembling Barnack rag. The tower and spire in perfect condition. The body of the church in parts slightly decomposed. KIRKHAM PRIORY, Yorkshire (13th century). Inconsiderable remains. The western front and great entrance slightly decomposed throughout; the portions which remain of the body of the church very perfect, but many of the stones are much decomposed. The stone is very similar to that of the Hildenly quarry. The whole is covered with lichens.

LINCOLN CATHEDRAL (the minster generally of the 12th and 13th centuries). Of oolitic and calcareous stone of the vicinity; generally in fair condition, more especially the early portions of the west front. The ashler and plain dressings of the south front are, however, much decomposed. The mouldings and carvings of the east front are in a perfect state. Roman Gate, of a ferruginous oolite, in fair condition. The Castle Gateway (13th century), of an oolitic limestone; ashler much decomposed, dressings perfect.

MELTON OLD CHURCH, Yorkshire (12th century). Light semi-compact limestone, similar to that of the Hildenly quarry; generally in good condition, particularly the great west door (of the 11th century), where the zig-zag and other enrichments are perfect. Some stones are much decomposed.

MONTACUTE, Somersetshire - Parish Church (15th century). Of Hamhill stone, in perfect condition, covered with lichens. The Abbey (15th century). Supposed abbot's house and gateway, of Hamhill stone, in good condition. Montacute House (17th century), of Hamhill stone, in excellent condition.

MASTOCK CHURCH, Somersetshire (15th century). Of a shelly ferruginous brown limestone from Hamhill, in good condition, except the plinth and base mouldings, which are much decomposed. Covered with lichens.

NEWARK CHURCH (15th century; the tower, in part, of the 12th century). Of an oolite, similar to that of Ancaster; generally in fair condition, with the exception of parts of the base mouldings. The building is covered with a grey lichen. The Castle (Norman, with additions in the 15th century). Chiefly of sandstone of the vicinity; in unequal condition. A large portion of the dressings of the windows, &c. are of oolite,

probably from Ancaster. Town Hall (50 or 60 years old). Built of the Ancaster oolite; in good condition; in some blocks, however, there is an appearance of lamination, where decomposition has to a slight extent taken place.

OXFORD CATHEDRAL, Norman (12th century). Chiefly of a shelly oolite, similar to that of Taynton; Norman work in good condition, the latter work much decomposed. Merton College Chapel (13th century). Of a shelly oolite, resembling Taynton stone; in good condition generally. New College Cloisters (14th century). Of a shelly oolite (Taynton), in good condition. The whole of the colleges, churches, and other public buildings of Oxford, erected within the last three centuries, are of oolitic limestone from Heddington, about one mile and a half from the university, and are all, more or less, in a deplorable state of decomposition. The plinth, string-courses, and such portions of the buildings as are much exposed to the action of the atmosphere, are mostly of a shelly oolite from Taynton, fifteen miles from the university, and are universally in good condition.

PAUL'S, ST., CATHEDRAL, LONDON (finished about 1700). Built of Portland oolite, from the Grove quarries on the east cliff. The building generally in good condition, especially the north and east fronts. The carvings of flowers, fruit, and other ornaments are throughout nearly as perfect as when first executed, although much blackened; on the south and west fronts, larger portions of the stone may be observed of their natural colour than on the north and east fronts, occasioned by a very slight decomposition of the surface. The stone in the drum of the dome, and in the cupola above it, appears not to have been so well selected as the rest; nevertheless scarcely any appreciable decay has taken place in those parts.

PICKERING CHURCH, Yorkshire (13th and 14th centuries). Oolite rock of the neighbourhood; very much decomposed; the windows, mullions, and buttress angles obliterated.

PICKERING CASTLE (14th century). The walls of the oolite of the neighbourhood, and the quoins of a siliceous grit. The whole in fair condition. PORTLAND, Dorsetshire- New Church (built 1766), of Portland oolite, fine roach; in a perfect state, still exhibiting the original tool marks. Wakeham Village, Tudor House, of Portland oolite, in excellent condition. Old Church, in ruins, near Bow and Arrow Castle (15th century), of Portland oolite, resembling top bed; in very good condition; original chisel marks still appear on the north front. Bow and Arrow Castle. Considerable remains of the keep, many centuries old, of Portland oolite; the ashlar resembles the top bed, and is in perfect condition; the quoins and corbels of the machicolated parapet appear to be of the cap bed of Portland oolite, and are in good condition.

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL (13th century).

Of siliciferous limestone from Chillmark quarry. The entire building is in excellent condition, except the west front, which in parts is slightly decomposed. The building generally covered with

lichens.

SANDYSFOOT CASTLE, near Weymouth (temp. Hen. VIII.). Considerable remains of keep, chiefly of Portland oolite, partly of the top bed and partly of the fine roach; generally in excellent condition, with the exception of a few and apparently inferior stones. The inside ashlar of the walls is of large-grained oolite, apparently from the immediate vicinity of the castle, much decomposed.

SOMERTON CHURCH, Somersetshire (14th century). Built chiefly of blue lias; the quoins, buttresses, parapets, and other dressings of a coarse ferruginous shelly limestone, in various stages of decay. The parapet of the clerestory of a lighter-coloured stone, in good condition.

STAMFORD St. Mary's Church (13th century).

Of a shelly oolite (Barnack rag), in fair condition. St. John's Church (14th century). Of similar stone, ill selected, and consequently decomposed in parts and in laminations, according to the direction of the beds of shells. St. Martin's Church (14th century). Of similar stone, in good condition. All Saints (lower part of the body of the church 13th century; the remainder 15th century). Tower and spire in fine condition; body of the church decomposed. Standwell's Hotel, built twenty-four years since of an oolite similar to that of Ketton; in perfect condition. St. Michael's New Church. Built four years since; no appearance of decomposition.

WELLS, THE CATHEDRAL. West front (13th century), upper part of tower (14th century), of shelly limestone, similar to that of Doulting, generally decomposed, but not to any great extent. North flank (porch and transept 13th century, the remainder of the 14th century), of similar stone, in good condition, except lower part of flank and west tower. The central tower (of the 14th century) in very good condition. South side of the cathedral generally in good condition. Chapter House (13th century, with additions of the 15th century). The whole in good condition excepting the west

The cloisters (15th century)

composed, but especially on the south and south-west. generally decomposed, particularly the mullions and tracery. WESTMINSTER ABBEY (13th century). Built of several varieties of stone, similar to that of Gatton or Ryegate, which is much decomposed, and also of Caen stone, which is generally in bad condition; a considerable portion of the exterior, especially on the north side, has been restored at various periods, nevertheless abundant symptoms of decay are apparent. The cloisters, built of several kinds of stone, are in a very mouldering condition, except where they have been recently restored with Bath and Portland stones. The west towers, erected in the beginning of the 18th century with a shelly variety of Portland oolite, exhibit scarcely any appearance of decay. Henry the Seventh's Chapel, restored about twenty years since with Combe Down Bathstone, is already in a state of decomposition.

WINDRUSH CHURCH (15th century). Of an oolite from the immediate vicinity; in excellent condition. A Norman door on the north side, enriched with the bird's-beak and other characteristic ornaments, is in perfect condition. Tombstones in the churchyard, very highly enriched and bearing the dates of 1681, 1690, apparently of Windrush stone, are in perfect condition.

WYKE CHURCH, Dorsetshire (15th century).

Of oolite, similar to Portland, the whole in good condition, except the mullions, tracery, and dressings of doors and windows, which are constructed of a soft material, and are all decomposed. On the south side, the ashler is in part covered with rough-cast. The entire building is thickly covered with lichens.

MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE BUILDINGS.

BEVERLEY, Yorkshire. The minster (12th, 13th, and 14th centuries), of magnesian limestone from Bramham Moor, and an oolite from Newbold; the former, which is used in the west tower, central tower, and more ancient parts of the minster, generally in good condition; but in other parts of the building the same material is decomposed. The Newbold stone, chiefly employed on the east side, is altogether in a bad condition. Some of the pinnacles are of Oulton sandstone, and are in bad condition. The building is partly covered with lichens. St. Mary's Church (14th century), now in course of restoration, of magnesian limestone and oolite, supposed to be from Bramham Moor and Newbold, respectively. The ancient parts are in a very crumbling state, even to the obliteration of many of the mouldings and enrichments. BOLSOVER CASTLE, Derbyshire (1629). Mostly in ruins; of magnesian limestone of several varieties, and of a calcareous fine-grained sandstone. The dressings, which are generally of sandstone, are much decomposed, in some instances to the entire obliteration of the mouldings and other decorations, and to the destruction of the form of the columns, rustications, &c. Most of the string courses, a portion of the window dressings, and the ashler, which are of magnesian limestone, are generally in excellent condition.

BOLSOVER CHURCH, Derbyshire (15th century). Of a magnesio-calciferous sandstone, more or less in a decomposed state throughout.

CHEPSTOW CASTLE, Monmouthshire (11th and 12th centuries, with additions of the 14th century). Of mountain limestone and old red sandstone; the former in good condition, the latter decomposed. Dressings of door, window, archway, and quoins are for the most part of magnesian limestone, and in perfect condition. The remainder is of red sandstone, and is generally much decomposed. Chapel (of the 12th century),

mouldings and carvings of windows, &c., which are of magnesian limestone, in perfect condition.

DONCASTER (OLD) CHURCH (15th century). Of an inferior magnesian limestone, generally much decomposed, more especially in the tower, and on the south and west sides; now under general and extensive repair.

HEMINGBOROUGH CHURCH, Yorkshire (15th century). Of a white crystalline magnesian limestone. The entire building is in a perfect state, even the spire, where no traces of decay are apparent.

HOWDEN CHURCH, Yorkshire (15th century). Partly of magnesian limestone of a deep yellow colour, and partly of a coarse siliceous grit of a ferruginous colour. Dressings and enrichments, and the central tower, are of the former stone, generally decomposed, particularly at the top of the tower. The other parts of the edifice, built of the grit, are very much decomposed.

HUDDLESTONE HALL, Yorkshire (15th century). Of semi-crystalline magnesian limestone from the neighbouring quarry. In excellent condition, even to the entire preservation of the mouldings of the chapel window in the south-west front. The outer gate piers in the fence wall, also of magnesian limestone, very much decomposed.

KNARESBOROUGH CASTLE, Yorkshire (12th century). Magnesian limestone, carious in part;

The

generally in very good condition, except on the south and south-west portions of the circular turrets, where the surface is much decomposed. The mouldings generally are in a perfect state. The joints of the masonry, which is executed with the greatest care, are remarkably close. The stone of the keep, which is of a deep brown colour, and much resembles sandstone, is in good condition, especially on the south-west side. KONINGSBOROUGH CASTLE, Yorkshire (Norman). Coarse-grained and semi-crystalline magnesian limestone, from the hill eastward of the castle; in perfect condition. masonry is executed with great care, the joints very close, but the mortar within them has disappeared. RIPON CATHEDRAL. Lower part, east end, south-east angle (Norman), of coarse sandstone from the vicinity, in good condition. The west front, the transepts, and tower (of the 12th and 13th centuries), of coarse sandstone of the vicinity, in fair condition. The mouldings, although generally decomposed, are not effaced. The dog's-teeth ornament in most parts nearly perfect. The aisles of the nave, the clerestory, and the choir (of the 14th and 15th centuries), of coarse sandstone and magnesian limestone intermixed, not in good condition. The latter stone, on the south side, often in fair condition. The lower parts of the building generally, particularly the west fronts, which are of coarse sandstone, are much decomposed. An obelisk, in the marketplace (1781), of coarse sandstone, is much decomposed, and in laminations parallel to the exposed faces.

ROBIN HOOD'S WELL, Yorkshire (1740). A rusticated building, of magnesian limestone, in perfect condition.

The

ROCHE ABBEY, Yorkshire (12th century). Inconsiderable remains, of semi-crystalline magnesian limestone from the neighbouring quarry, generally in fair condition. mouldings and decorated portions are perfect. Gate-house (12th century) generally decomposed, with the exception of the dressings and mouldings, which are perfect.

SELBY CHURCH, Yorkshire (nave and lower part of the tower of the 11th century; the west front and aisles of the 12th century; and the choir with its aisles of the 14th century). The Norman portion of the building, which is of grey magnesian limestone, is in excellent condition, particularly the lower part. The early English portions of the building are also of magnesian limestone, and in a partially decomposed state. The later portions of the building, which also are of magnesian limestone, are much decomposed and blackened.

SOUTHWELL CHURCH, Notts (of the 10th century). Of magnesian limestone, similar to that of Bolsover Moor, in perfect condition. The mouldings and enrichments of the doorway appear as perfect as if just completed. The choir, which is of the 12th century, and built of a stone similar to that of Mansfield, is generally in good condition.

SPOFFORTH CASTLE, Yorkshire (14th century). Of coarse red sandstone, generally much decomposed. The dressings of the windows and doors, of a semi-crystalline magnesian limestone, are in a perfect state, the mouldings and enrichments being eminently sharp and beautiful.

STUDLEY PARK, Yorkshire. Banquetting house, about 100 years old, of yellowish magnesian limestone, in perfect condition.

THORPE ABBEY VILLAGE. The houses generally of this village are built of magnesian limestone from the vicinity; they are in excellent condition, and of a very pleasing colour.

THORPE SALVIN, near Worksop. Manor-house (15th century), in ruins. Of a siliciferous magnesian limestone and a sandstone, in unequal condition; the quoins and dressings are generally in a perfect state. Parish Church (15th century), also of a siliciferous variety of magnesian limestone and a sandstone, in unequal but generally fair condition. A Norman doorway under the porch is well preserved. TICKHILL CHURCH, Yorkshire, (15th century). Of magnesian limestone, in excellent condition. The lower part of the tower (of the 12th century) also in fair condition.

YORK.

Ancient Buildings: CATHEDRAL (transepts, 13th century; tower, nave, &c., 14th century). Of magnesian limestone, from Jackdaw Craig. West end and towers restored thirty years since; they are generally in fair condition, but some of the enriched gables and other decorations are obliterated. The transepts are in many places much decomposed, especially in the mouldings and enrichments. The central tower is generally in good condition, but several of the enriched parts are decomposed. St. Mary's Abbey (12th century), of magnesian limestone. West front of the church generally much decomposed; the north flank in better condition, but in parts much decomposed. The gateway, which is of Norman origin, is in fair condition. Roman Multangular Tower. Built of small stones; such as are of magnesian lime