Materials of external decorations.

cornice, fascia, window dressing, portico, balcony, balustrade, or other external decoration or projection whatsoever to be made after the said twenty-fourth day of June to any building of the first, second, third, or fourth rate or class of building, and also every frontispiece to any building of the first rate or class of building now built or hereafter to be built, or to any addition or enlargement of any such building, shall externally be of brick, stone, burnt clay, or artificial stone, stucco, lead, or iron, except the cornices and dressings to shop windows, and also except such covered ways as may hereafter be made to any building, so nevertheless as that the said covered way or any part thereof shall not extend beyond the original line of the houses in the street or way in which the same shall be or is erected; and such covered way shall be covered with stone, lead, copper, slate, tile, or tin; and neither the said covered way, nor the cornice or dressings to any shop window, nor the roof of any such portico, shall be higher than the under side of the sill of the window frame of the one pair of stairs window of the building to which the same belongs; and that no water shall be suffered to drip next to any public street, square, place, court, or way from the roof of any building of the first, second, third, or fourth rate or class of building to be built after the said twenty-fourth day of June, except from the roofs of porticoes or other entrances, but all water from such roofs shall be conveyed by lead, copper, tin, or iron gutters or pipes, or all or either or any of them, or by wooden trunks, or by brick or stone funnels, to the drains or channel stones now made or hereafter to be made on or below the surface of the ground for that purpose, or to some cistern or other reservoir made to receive the same, or to any front of such building not abutting upon any public street or way; and no such brick or stone funnel shall, after the time aforesaid, be made or built unless the same shall be in every part thereof below the surface of the foot pavement before the same, nor shall any such wooden trunk after the said time be fixed unless the same be in every part thereof below the tops of the windows of the ground story.

Water how to be conveyed from roofs.

to extend beyond the line of the street, except projections for decorations.

Materials of

projections.

XLIX. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no bow window or No bow windows other projection shall, after the time aforesaid, be built with or added to any building of the first, second, third, or fourth rate or class of building, next to any public street, square, court, or way, so as to extend beyond the general line of the fronts of the houses in such public street, square, court, or way in which such bow window or other projection is made, except such projections as may be necessary for copings, cornices, fascias, door and window dressings, or for open porticoes, Shop windows steps, or iron palisades; and also except such window to any shop or shops on and stall boards. the ground floor story of any such building, the stall boards of which windows shall not in any street or way thirty feet wide or more project above ten inches, nor in any street or way less than thirty feet wide above five inches, from the upright line of the building in such street or way respectively; and no cornice or covering thereof to any such shop window shall, in any street or way thirty feet wide or more, project more than eighteen inches, nor in any street or way less than thirty feet wide more than thirteen inches, from the upright line of the building to which such shop window belongs; and that no bow window or other projection, except as before excepted, shall, after bow windows and the said twenty-fourth day of June, be built with or added to the front of any building of the first, second, third, or fourth rate or class of building, unless the same, and the columns and pilasters (if any) which support the same, be built of the several materials herein-before directed to be used in all external walls or external inclosures. L. Provided always, and be it enacted, that nothing herein contained shall prejudice, lessen, or defeat the powers granted to any commissioners for paving any streets or other places within the limits aforesaid by any act or acts of parliament, or to the commissioners of the sewers for the city of London. LI. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that every external wall or other external inclosure to any building which is built or begun to be built walls or inclosures before the said twenty-fourth day of June, not being of the several materials with the same in and by this act required for external walls or external inclosures thereafter materials. to be built, may be at all times thereafter repaired with the same sort or sorts of materials as the materials of which such external wall or other external inclosure is erected (except the external inclosures of roofs, flats, gutters, and of the dormers, turrets, and lanthorn lights or other erections on the same, which shall be repaired with the materials herein-before directed for the same); but in case any such external wall or other external inclosure be at any time hereafter taken down or otherwise demolished to the bressummer or one pair of stairs floor, or the place where the bressummer is usually fixed, then every part of the same, not being built of the several materials in and by this act required for external walls or other external inclosures thereafter to be erected, shall be taken down, and the same shall be entirely rebuilt of such materials, and in such manner in all respects, as in and by this act required for all external walls or other external inclosures thereafter to be built, according to the rate or class of building to which such wall or other external inclosure belongs.

Saving to com. missioners of paving.

Old external

may be repaired

No bow window rebuilt, unless originally built, of the street, &c.

or projection to be

LII. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no bow window or other projection made or built before the said twenty-fourth day of June shall be at any time thereafter rebuilt, except such projections as are in and by this act allowed, unless such bow window or other projection was built at the same time the house or building to which the same belongs was built, or unless such bow window or other projection be within the original line of the street, square, place, court, or way in which the same is erected.

or within the line

houses to be

tion through

cases and iron

No stables to con

tain more than squares of buildinternal and

twenty-five

ing, including

LIII. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no stack of warehouses to be erected after the said twenty-fourth day of June shall contain more than No stack of warethirty-five squares of building on the ground plan thereof, including all the above thirty-five external and internal walls, and so much of the party-walls, if any, as belong squares, includ ing internal and to such stack of warehouses; and no enlargement shall be at any time there- external walls. after made to any stack of warehouses already built or begun, so as to increase the same beyond the said thirty-five squares on the ground plan, including such walls as aforesaid, except such stack of warehouses be separated and divided by one or more party-wall or party-walls, built in every respect according to the directions herein-before contained concerning party-walls, into divisions of not more than thirty-five squares each, including such walls as aforesaid, on the ground plan of such warehouses; and that no No communica stack of warehouses shall communicate with any other warehouse or building party-walls unless through a party-wall, unless the door case and sill of every such communica- by stone door tion be of stone, and unless there be to every such communication a door of doors. wrought iron of the thickness of a quarter of an inch at least in the panels thereof; and no timber, bond, or lintel shall be laid into the brick-work of any wall in any such stack of warehouses nearer than eighteen inches to the opening of such communication. LIV. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no building for stables to be erected after the said twenty-fourth day of June shall contain more than twenty-five squares of building on the ground plan thereof, including all the external and internal walls, and so much of the party-walls (if any) as belong to such building for stables; and no enlargement shall be at any time thereafter made thereto, or to any building for stables already built or begun to be external walls. built, so as to increase the same beyond the said twenty-five squares on the ground plan, including such walls as aforesaid, except such building for stables be separated and divided by one or more party-wall or party-walls, built in every respect according to the directions herein-before contained concerning party-walls, into divisions of not more than twenty-five squares each, including such walls as aforesaid, on the ground plan of such No communica stables; and that no such building for stables shall communicate through a having stone party-wall with any other stables or building, unless the door case and sill of cases, &c. every such communication be of stone, and unless there be to every such communication a door of wrought iron of the thickness of a quarter of an inch in the panels thereof; and no timber, bond, or lintel shall be laid into the brickwork of any wall in any such building for stables nearer than eighteen inches to the opening of such communication. LV. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that if any building whatsoever of the first, second, third, or fourth rate or class of building (except buildings Buildings herein the several inns of court or chancery, the Royal Exchange, companies' distinct tenures halls, and except warehouses and dwelling-houses let at a rack-rent for not on the ground more than twenty-five pounds by the year,) be at any time hereafter converted parate buildings. into two or more dwelling-houses, workshops, stables, or other buildings, which shall be in distinct tenures on the ground floor thereof, then each such tenement shall be considered as a separate building, and the same shall be divided from each other by a party-wall or partywalls; and every such party-wall shall be of the materials, height, and thickness, and shall be from time to time under the several regulations respecting party-walls, herein directed to be observed with respect to the party-wall of the highest rate or class of building adjoining to such party-wall or party-walls.

tion door without

after divided into

floor deemed se

proprietors from

LVI. Provided nevertheless, that nothing in this act contained shall extend to prevent any person, being the proprietor or leaseholder of any stack of warehouses, Not to prevent from dividing the said warehouses from time to time into divisions for the con- siding wareveniency of letting the same to under-tenants, so nevertheless as that, if any houses; stack of warehouses contain more than thirty-five squares of building on the ground plan, the same shall be separated and divided by a party-wall or party-walls as aforesaid into divisions of not more than thirty-five squares each, as is herein-before directed concerning stacks of warehouses to be erected after the said twenty-fourth day of June.

stables, subject to

LVII. Provided also, that nothing in this act contained shall extend to prevent any person, being the proprietor or leaseholder of any stable yard or livery stables, nor from dividing from dividing the said stables from time to time into divisions for the conve- restrictions menniency of letting the same to under-tenants, so nevertheless as that, if any build- tioned. ing for stables contain more than twenty-five squares of building on the ground plan, the same shall be separated and divided by a party-wall or party-walls as aforesaid into divi

sions of not more than twenty-five squares each, as herein-before directed concerning buildings for stables to be erected after the said twenty-fourth day of June

tenures, and not at the requisite

LVIII. And it is hereby further enacted, that if any building herein-before declared to be of the fifth or sixth rate or class of building be hereafter divided into two Buildings of the fifth and sixth or more distinct tenures, and the several parts of such building in such separates in distinct rate tenures be not at the several distances from each other herein-before pardistances, deemed ticularly directed for every such fifth or sixth rate building, then every such nuisances. several part of such building in every such separate and distinct tenure, being nearer to each other than the said several distances, shall be deemed a public nuisance, and shall be immediately taken down as such.

Restriction as to

in front or in the

the first, second, third, or fourth rates.

LIX. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no iron, tin, copper, or other pipe or funnel for conveying smoke or steam shall be at any time after funnels for smoke the said twenty-fourth day of June fixed next any public street, square, court, inside of houses of or way, on the front of any building of the first, second, third, or fourth rate or class of building, nor shall any such pipe or funnel be fixed on the inside of any such building nearer than fourteen inches to any timber or other combustible material whatever, nor shall any brick funnel be thereafter built or placed on the outside of any front next to any public street, square, place, court, road, or way, of any building of the first, second, third, or fourth rate or class of building, so as to extend beyond the general line of the houses in the public street, square, place, court, or way in which the same is erected.

LX. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that every church, chapel,

Every building

contrary declared to be a common nuisance;

meeting-house, dwelling-house, or other building, and every party-wall and other wall, which shall, after the said twenty-fourth day of June, be built within the limits of this act, shall be built pursuant to such rules and regulations, and with such materials, as are herein-before particularly appointed; and if any person or persons presume to build or to begin building, or cause the building or beginning to build, or to alter or cause to be altered any building already erected, in any respect contrary thereunto, and be thereof convicted by the oaths of two or more credible witnesses before the mayor of the city of London, or any two or more justices of the peace for the said city of London, or counties of Middlesex or Surrey, or city and liberty of Westminster, or liberty of His Majesty's Tower of London respectively, where such building contrary to the regulations aforesaid shall be situated, (which oaths they the said mayor and justices are hereby respectively empowered and required to administer,) then the said house, building, or wall so irregularly built or begun to be built, or so irregularly altered or begun to be altered, shall be deemed a common nuisance; and the builder and the owner thereof, or one of them, such as the said mayor or justices shall require, shall nizance to demo- enter into a recognizance, in such sum as the said mayor or justices shall respectively appoint, for abating and demolishing the same within such convenient time as the said mayor or justices shall respectively appoint, or otherwise to amend the same according to such rules and regulations as are herein-before contained; and in default of entering into such recognizance, the person or persons so making default shall be committed to the common gaol of the city, county, or liberty where the offence shall be committed, there to remain without bail or mainprize until he shall have abated or demolished or otherwise amended the same, or until such irregular house or building shall be abated or demolished by order of such mayor or justices respectively, which order the said mayor and justices are hereby empowered to make; provided always, that such conviction be had within three months after such building shall be finished.

and the builder and owner to enter into a recoglish the same.

nuisances shall be

taken down by

order of the court, and may

sell materials to defray the expenses.

LXI. And it is hereby further enacted, that it shall be lawful for the mayor of the city Buildings deemed of London, or any two or more justices of the peace for the said city of London, or county of Middlesex or Surrey, or city and liberty of Westminster, or liberty of his Majesty's Tower of London respectively, where any building contrary to the regulations aforesaid shall be situated, to order every house or building so irregularly built or begun to be built, or so irregularly altered or begun to be altered, as is by this act declared to be a common nuisance, to be abated or taken down, and to order the person or persons authorised to abate or take down the same to sell and dispose of the materials thereof, and out of the moneys arising by the sale thereof to pay to themselves, and all persons by them employed for the purposes aforesaid, the reasonable charges of abating or taking down such nuisance, and to pay the surplus of the monies arising by such sale (if any be) to the owner or owners of such materials; and if the moneys arising by such sale be not sufficient to pay such charges, the deficiency shall be made good by such owner or owners, and may be levied in like manner as is herein-after directed concerning the expense of taking down ruinous buildings, and putting up hoards for the safety of passengers.

LXII. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the mayor and alderCourt of aldermen men of the said city of London shall and may nominate and appoint such and appoint surveyors SO many discreet persons, skilled in the art of building, as they the said mayor

of London to

in that city.

sessions to ap

and aldermen think fit, to be, during their will and pleasure, the surveyors or supervisors to see the said rules and regulations well and truly observed in and throughout the said city of London and the liberties thereof; and it shall be lawful for the said mayor and aldermen in their court of aldermen, and they are hereby required, to administer to all the said surveyors or supervisors an oath for the true and impartial execution of their office in that behalf, and to appoint the several districts which shall be under their respective surveys; and it shall also be lawful for the justices of the peace for the county In other places of Middlesex, the county of Surrey, the city and liberty of Westminster, and the quarter the liberty of his Majesty's Tower of London, in their general quarter sessions point surveyors. respectively, and they are hereby required, within their respective jurisdictions, to nominate and appoint such and so many discreet persons, skilled in the art of building, as the said justices in their respective quarter sessions think fit, to be, during their will and pleasure, the surveyors or supervisors to see the said rules and regulations well and truly observed in and throughout the said city and liberty of Westminster, and said several parishes, precincts, and places aforesaid within the jurisdiction of the respective quarter sessions by whom they shall be so appointed; and the said justices in their respective quarter sessions shall administer to the said surveyors and supervisors by them respectively appointed an oath for the true and impartial execution of their office in that behalf, and shall appoint the several districts which shall be under their respective surveys, which oath shall be in the form or to the effect following; that is to say,

66

I, A. B., being one of the surveyors or supervisors appointed in pursuance of an act "of parliament passed in the fourteenth year of the reign of King George Oath of surveyor. "the Third, for the further and better regulation of buildings and party

66

66

46

“walls, and for the more effectually preventing mischiefs by fire, within the cities of "London and Westminster and the liberties thereof, and other the parishes, precincts, and places within the weekly bills of mortality, the parishes of Saint Mary-le-bone, Paddington, Saint Pancras, and Saint Luke at Chelsea, in the county of Middlesex; and for indemnifying, under certain conditions, builders and other persons against the penalties to which they are or may be liable for erecting buildings within the limits aforesaid con"trary to law, do swear, that upon receiving notice of any building or wall to be built, or "other builder's work to be done, within the district under my inspection, not being by "illness or otherwise lawfully prevented, I will diligently and faithfully survey the same, "and to the utmost of my abilities endeavour to cause the rules and regulations in the "said act prescribed to be strictly observed, and that without favour or affection, pre"judice or malice. So help me God."

And such surveyor or supervisor shall from time to time leave notice in Surveyor to leave writing with the clerk of the peace for the county, city, or liberty in which notice of his his district shall be situated of the place of his usual abode or residence.

abode.

Notice of building

LXIII. And it is also hereby further enacted, that before any building or any wall, on new or old foundations, or on foundations partly new and partly old, within the limits of this act, shall, after the said twenty-fourth day of June, be begun to be given to to be built, the master workman or other person causing such building or wall surveyors. to be built shall give twenty-four hours' notice thereof to the surveyor or supervisor appointed as aforesaid within whose district the same shall be; and such surveyor or supervisor shall view the said building or wall, and see that all the rules and regulations in this act contained are well and truly observed; and such surveyor or supervisor, for his trouble therein, shall be paid by such master workman or other person causing such building or wall to be built such sum of money, as a satisfaction for his trouble therein, as any two or more of His Majesty's justices of the peace for the city, county, or liberty in which such building or wall is situate shall by any writing under their hands order or appoint, not exceeding three pounds ten shillings for every new building of the first rate or class of building, or one pound fifteen shillings for every first-rate building to which any alteration or addition shall be made; and not exceeding three pounds three shillings for every new building of the second rate or class of building, or one pound ten shillings for every secondrate building to which any alteration or addition shall be made; and not exceeding two pounds ten shillings for every new building of the third rate or class of building, or one pound five shillings for every third-rate building to which any alteration or addition shall be made; and not exceeding two pounds two shillings for every new building of the fourth rate or class of building, or one pound one shilling for every fourth-rate building to which any alteration or addition shall be made; and not exceeding one pound ten shillings for every new building of the fifth rate or class of building, or fifteen shillings for every fifthrate building to which any alteration or addition shall be made; and not exceeding one pound one shilling for every new building of the sixth rate or class of building, or ten shillings and sixpence for every sixth-rate building to which any alteration or addition shall be made; and not exceeding ten shillings and sixpence for every new building of the seventh rate or class of building, or five shillings for every seventh-rate building to which any alteration or addition shall be made; and in default of payment of any of the said

On default of notice, treble satisfaction to surveyor, and

several sums of money, or such other sums as the said justices shall appoint, the same shall, by warrant of one or more of such justice or justices as aforesaid, be levied by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of such master workman or other person as aforesaid, together with the reasonable costs and charges of such distress and sale. LXIV. And it is hereby further enacted, that if any person shall, after the said twentyfourth day of June, begin any such building or any such wall, or if any person or persons shall thereafter presume to cut into any party-wall, without first giving such notice as aforesaid to the surveyor or supervisor within whose 201. penalty. district the same is situated, or shall refuse such surveyor or supervisor admittance from time to time, at reasonable hours, for the purpose of viewing the same, then every person so neglecting to give such notice, or so refusing such admittance, shall for every default therein forfeit and pay to the said surveyor or supervisor treble the satisfaction which such surveyor or supervisor would have been entitled to receive for his trouble in viewing such building or wall, and seeing the rules and regulations of this act well and truly observed therein, in case such notice had been given, and shall also for every such default forfeit the sum of twenty pounds, to be recovered by any action, bill, plaint, or information in any of His Majesty's courts of record at Westminster by any person or persons who shall sue for the same; and also every such house, building, or wall so begun to be built without giving such notice or without giving such admittance to such surveyor or supervisor, in case the same be not built in every respect agreeably to the regulations of this act, shall be demolished or amended by order of the said mayor, or of two justices within whose jurisdiction the same shall be, in the manner herein-before directed. LXV. And it is hereby further enacted, that in case the workmen employed in building Surveyor to give any such building or wall, or in the cutting into any such party-wall, shall not information of ir. well and truly observe the several rules and regulations in this act contained, regular buildings and from time to time conform themselves thereto, the surveyor or supervisor within whose district the same is situated shall from time to time give information thereof as soon as conveniently may be to the said mayor of the city of London, or two or more justices of the peace within whose jurisdiction the same shall be; and the said mayor or justices shall proceed thereupon to hear the matter, and if any breach of the rules and regulations in this act contained is found to have been committed, the said mayor or justices shall proceed to cause such irregular building or wall to be demolished or amended in manner herein-before directed.

50s. penalty on

ing.

LXVI. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that if any workmen or servants to any master workman or other person or persons causing any such workmen offend building or wall to be erected within the limits of this act shall wilfully, carelessly, or negligently, and without the direction, privity, or consent of such master workman or person causing such building or wall to be erected, do any thing in or about such building or wall contrary to the directions of this act, every such workman or servant so offending, upon conviction thereof before the mayor of London, or other justice of the peace for the said city of London, or before one or more justice or justices of the peace for the said county of Middlesex, or county of Surrey, or the city and liberty of Westminster, or the liberty of His Majesty's Tower of London, (as the case shall be,) upon the oath of one or more credible witness or witnesses, (which oath the said mayor and every such justice is hereby empowered and required to administer,) or upon his own confession, shall for every such offence forfeit the sum of fifty shillings, one moiety thereof to be paid to the overseer or overseers of the poor of the parish, precinct, or place wherein the offence was committed, for the use of the poor only, and the other moiety thereof to the informer; and if any such forfeiture of fifty shillings be not paid upon and immediately after such conviction, then the offenders shall, by warrant under the hand and seal of such mayor or other justice, be committed to the house of correction, there to remain without bail or mainprize for any time not exceeding three months or less than one month, unless the said penalty be sooner paid.

Houses or walls

hereafter built to

be surveyed
within fourteen
days after covered
in, and oath
made of their

conformity to
this act.

LXVII. Provided also, and it is hereby further enacted, that every master workman or other person who shall, after the said twenty-fourth day of June, build or cause to be built any house or other building, or any addition to any house or other building, or any party-wall or other wall, or who shall be employed to cut into any party-wall, within the limits of this act, shall, within fourteen days after such house or other building is covered in, or such party-wall or other wall is finished, or the cutting into any partywall is made good, cause the same to be surveyed by the surveyor or supervisor within whose district the same is situated; and in case the said surveyor shall refuse, neglect, or shall, by illness or otherwise, be prevented surveying such building, wall, or other work, then the same shall be surveyed by any other surveyor or supervisor appointed and sworn within the city, county, or liberty wherein the said building, wall, or other work is situated; and if such surveyor or supervisor shall, upon such survey, find that the same is, to the best of his judgment and belief, built or made good agreeably to