Principles of Geology: Being an Inquiry how for the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface are Referrable to Causes Now in Operation, Band 4John Murray, 1835 |
Andere Ausgaben - Alle anzeigen
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
alluvium alternate ancient animals appear aqueous argillaceous Auvergne basalt beds belong calcaire grossier calcareous called Cantal Central France chalk clay coal composed cones conglomerate containing crag crater cretaceous crystalline denudation deposits dikes district earth elevation England Eocene Eocene period eruptions escarpment Etym extinct felspar flints fossil freshwater formation Geol geological geologists gneiss granite gravel gypsum height hills horizontal hundred feet hypogene igneous rocks Isle of Wight lacustrine lakes land lava layers lime limestone lower green-sand marine marl mass Miocene mountains newer occur older Pliocene oolite organic remains origin Paris basin pebbles plants Pliocene plutonic Pyrenees quadrupeds quartz red sandstone resembling ridge river sand schist scoriæ secondary rocks secondary strata sedimentary seen shale shells siliceous simple mineral sometimes South Downs species stone strata stratified Subapennine supposed surface tertiary strata testacea texture thickness trachytic tuff upper valley Velay volcanic rocks Weald
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 304 - We aspire in vain to assign limits to the works of creation in space, whether we examine the starry heavens, or that world of minute animalcules which is revealed to us by the microscope. We are prepared, therefore, to find that in time also the confines of the universe lie beyond the reach of mortal ken. But in whatever direction we pursue our researches, whether in time or space, we discover everywhere the clear proofs of a Creative Intelligence, and of His foresight, wisdom, and power.
Seite 338 - SHELL MARL. A deposit of clay, peat, and other substances mixed with shells, which collects at the bottom of lakes. SHINGLE. The loose and completely water-worn gravel on the seashore. SILEX. The name of one of the pure earths, being the Latin word for flint, which is wholly composed of that earth. French geologists have applied it as a generic name for all minerals composed entirely of that earth, of which there are many of different external forms.
Seite 241 - It was in vain to urge as an objection the improbability of the hypothesis which implies that all the moving waters on the globe were once simultaneously charged with sediment of a red colour. But the rashness of pretending to identify, in age, all the red sandstones and marls in question, has at length been sufficiently exposed, by the discovery that, even in Europe, they belong decidedly to many different epochs.
Seite 338 - An extensive series of the stratified rocks, which compose the crust of the globe, with certain characters in common, which distinguish them from another series below them, called primary, and another above them, called tertiary.
Seite 323 - It is not easy to draw the line between dikes and veins. The former are generally of larger dimensions, and have their sides parallel for considerable distances; while veins have generally many ramifications, and these often thin away into slender threads. DILUVIUM. Those accumulations of gravel and loose materials which, by some geologists, are said to have been produced by the action of a diluvian wave or deluge sweeping over the surface of the earth.
Seite 340 - When several rocks lie like the leaves of a book, one upon another, each individual forms a stratum ; — strata is the plural of the word. Etym., stratum, part of a Latin verb signifying to strew or lay out. STRIKE. The direction or line of bearing of strata, which is always at right angles to their prevailing dip.
Seite 304 - ... as to indicate throughout a perfect harmony of design and unity of purpose. To assume that the evidence of the beginning or end of so vast a scheme lies within the reach of our philosophical inquiries, or even of our speculations, appears to us inconsistent with a just estimate of the relations which subsist between the finite powers of man and the attributes of an Infinite and Eternal Being.
Seite 304 - ... and habits of prior races of beings. The disposition of the seas, continents, and islands, and the climates, have varied ; the species likewise have been changed ; and yet they have all been so modelled, on types analogous to those of existing plants and...
Seite 338 - A rock usually containing much magnesian earth, for the most part unstratified, but sometimes appearing to be an altered or metamorphic stratified rock. Its name is derived from frequently presenting contrasts of colour, like the skin of some serpents. SHALE. A provincial term, adopted by geologists, to express an indurated slaty clay. Etym., German schalm, to peal, to split.