be redeemed without money." The temple was built by Joshua, that signifies Jehovah the Saviour; agreeable to what is often represented of the Messiah in the prophecies. See what has been said above, concerning Joshua the son of Nun.

We often read of praying, fasting, confessing of sin, their own sins, and the sins of their fathers, and weeping and mourning for sin that attended this restoration of the Jews. Dan. ix. 1-19. Ezra viii. 21-23. Chap. ix. throughout, x. 1-17. Neh. i. 4, &c. iv. 4, 5, ix. throughout. God gave the Jews remarkable and wonderful protection in their journey as they were returning from Babylon towards Jerusalem, and also in the midst of the great dangers and manifold oppositions they passed through, in rebuilding the temple and city. Ezra viii. 21-23. 31. v. vi. vii. Neh. iv. vi. This is agreeable to Jer. xxxi. 8, 9. “Behold, I will bring from the north country, and gather them from the coasts of the earth.They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them. I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble. For I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my first-born." Isai. xliii. 2. "When thou passest through the waters I will be with thee, and through the rivers, they shall not overflow thee; when thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burnt, neither shall the flame kindle upon thee." There was kept an extraordinary feast of tabernacles on occasion of this restoration of the Jews, the only one that had been kept according to the law of Moses since the time of Joshua, the son of Nun. Neh. viii. 14. This is agreeable to Zech. xiv. 16—19. After this return from the captivity, the Jews had extraordinary means of instruction in the law of God, much greater than they had before. Ezra. vii.

25.

Neh. viii. After this, synagogues were set up all over the land, in each of which was kept a copy of the law of the prophets, which were read and explained every Sabbath day. And there seems to be a great alteration as to the frequency of the solemn public worship of God. Idolatry was utterly abolished among the Jews after their return from the Babylonish captivity. This is agreeable to Isai. ii. 18. "The idols shall he utterly abolish." Zech. xiii. 2. “And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord of hosts, that I will cut off the names of the idols out of the land; and they shall no more be remembered." Hos. ii. 17. “For I will take away the names of Baalim out of her mouth, and they shall no more be remembered by their name." Ezek. xxxvi. 25. "Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean from all your filthiness, and from all your idols will I cleanse you." Chap. xxxv. 23. "Neither shall they defile themselves any more with their idols, nor with their detestable things." See further, fulfilment of prophecies, § 153.

The agreement between what we are told of Daniel and Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, and what is said in the prophecy of the Messiah and his people, is such as naturally leads us to suppose the former a designed type of the latter. Compare Dan. iii. and vi. with Isai. xlviii. 10, and xliii. 2. Ps. xxii. 20, 21,

XXXV. 17. Cant. iv. 8.

It is remarkable that it should be so ordered, that so many of the chief women that we read of in the history of the Old Testament, and mothers of so many of the most eminent persons, should for so long a time be barren, and that their conception afterwards of those eminent persons they were the mothers of, should be through God's special mercy and extraordinary providence ; as in Sarah, Rebekah, Rachel, Manoah's wife, and Hannah. It is reasonable to suppose, that God had something special in view in thus remarkably ordering it in so many instances. Considering this, and also considering the agreement of such an event with several prophetical representations made of the church of God in the Messiah's times, there appears a great deal of reason to suppose the one of these to be designed as a type of the other. Psa. Ixviii. 6. "God setteth the solitary in families." Psa. cxiii. 9. "He maketh the barren woman to keep house and to be a joyful mother of children." Isai. liv. 1. "Sing, O barren, and thou that didst not bear; break forth into singing and cry aloud; thou that didst not travail with child. For more are the children of the desolate, than the children of the married wife, saith the Lord.”

With respect to some of the principal persons spoken of in the Old Testament, there is this evidence, that they were types of the Messiah, viz: that the Messiah in the prophecies is called by their names. Thus the Messiah is called by the name of Israel. Isai. xlix. 3. "And he said unto me, Thou art my servant, O Israel, in whom I will be glorified." And he is often called in the prophecies by the name of David. Hos. iii. 5. "Afterward shall the children of Israel return and seek the Lord and David their king." Jer. xxx. 9. "But they shall serve the Lord their God, and David their king, whom I will raise up unto them." Ezek. xxxvi. 24. "And I the Lord will be their God, and my servant David a prince among them." Chap. xxxvii. 24, 25. "And David my servant shall be king over them, and they all shall have one shepherd. They shall also walk in my judgments and observe my statutes and do them; and they shall dwell in the land that I have given unto Jacob my servant, wherein your fathers have dwelt, and they shall dwell therein, even they and their children for ever, and my servant David shall be their prince for ever." Ps. lxxxix. 20. "I have found David my servant; with my holy oil have I anointed him." Ver. 27. "I will make him my first-born," &c. The Messiah is called by the name of So

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lomon. Cant. iii. 7. 11, viii. 11, 12. So the Messiah's great forerunner is called by the name of Elijah, Mal. iv.; which argues that Elijah was a type of him. The Messiah is called by the name of Zerubbabel. Hag. ii. 23. "In that day, saith the Lord of hosts, will I take thee, O Zerubbabel, my servant, the son of Shealtiel, saith the Lord, and I will make thee a signet: for I have chosen thee, saith the Lord of hosts."

And as the Messiah is called by the proper names of some of the more eminent persons of the Old Testament, so some of them are called by names that it is evident by the prophecies do much more eminently and properly belong to the Messiah. So Joshua is called the shepherd, the stone of Israel; Gen. xxix. 44; which according to the prophecies, are appellations most properly belonging to the Messiah. So the name Israel, though it was the proper name of Jacob rather than of the Messiah, yet its signification, the prince of God, most properly and eminently belongs to the Messiah, according to the prophecies. So it is with the name of Abram, high father, and Abraham, the father of a multitude. David, beloved, and Solomon, peace or peaceable. God also calls Solomon his son, an appellation which most properly belongs to the Messiah.

There is such a commutation of names between not only persons, but also things, that we have an account of in the histories and prophecies of the Old Testament. Thus the people of the Messiah, though it is plain by the prophecies that they should chiefly be of the Gentiles, yet are very generally called by the name of Jacob and Israel. So the church of the Messiah, though it is plain by the prophecies that they shall dwell all over the world, yet are often called by the name of Jerusalem and Zion. So we read in the prophecies of the Messiah's times of all nations going up from year to year to Jerusalem, to keep the feast of tabernacles, and of their being gathered to together to the mountain of the house of the Lord, which is utterly impossible. Therefore, we must understand only things that were typified by Jerusalem and the mountain of the house of the Lord, God's holy mountain, holy hill, mountain of the height of Israel, &c., and by the feast of tabernacles, and Israel's going up from year to year to keep that feast. So something appertaining to the Messiah's kingdom is called by the name of the altar of the Lord at Jerusalem, and it is represented as though all nations should bring sacrifices and offer them there on that altar. Yet this is utterly inconsistent with what the prophecies themselves do plainly teach of the state and worship of the church of God at that time. So something appertaining to the Messiah's kingdom is called by the names of the temple, and the tabernacle, and of God's throne in the temple, Zeeh. vi. 13, But it is plain by the prophecies that there should

So

indeed be no material temple or tabernacle in the kingdom of the Messiah. So we read also, Ezek. xlv. xlvi., of the passover, that grand memorial of the bringing the children of Israel up out of Egypt. But it is evident that there will be no such memorial of that event upheld in the church in the Messiah's times, by Jer. xvi. 14, 15, and chap. xxiii. 7, 8. Certain officers in the church of the Messiah are called priests and Levites, Isai. lxi. 6, and Jer. xxiii. 18; and yet it is plain by the prophecies that the ceremonial law should be abolished in the Messiah's times. A work of grace that is wrought on the hearts of men is often in the Old Testament called by the name of circumcision; and it is evident by the prophecies that this should in a very eminent and distinguishing manner be wrought in the Messiah's times. Something that the Messiah was to be the subject of, is called in the xl. Psalm by the name of boring the ear; as was appointed in the law concerning the servant that chose his master's service. Something in the prophecies of the Messiah is called by the name of oil and anointing, that, it is evident, is not any such outward oil or anointing as was appointed in the ceremonial law. Ps. xlv. 7. Zech. iv. 12-14. Isai. lxi. 1. Ps. ii. 2. 6, and xx. 6, lxxxix. 20, with cxxxiii. we find something of a spiritual nature called in the prophecies by the name of the golden candlestick that was in the tabernacle and temple, Zech. iv. Something is called by the name of that cloud of glory that was above the mercy seat, Zech. vi. 13. Something is called by the name of God's dwelling between the cherubims, Ps. xcix. 1; and something in the Messiah's kingdom is called by the name of the precious stones that adorn the temple. Compare Isai. liv. 11, 12, with 1 Chron. xxix. 2, and 2 Chron. iii. 8. The name of the incense and the names of the sweet spices that were used in the incense and anointing oil in the sanctuary, are made use of to signify spiritual things appertaining to the Messiah and his kingdom, in the book of the Canticles and Ps. xlv. 8; and something spiritual in that prophecy, Ps. xlv., is called needlework, the name of the work of the hangings and garments of the sanctuary. Exod. xxvi. 36, xxvii. 16, xxxvi. 37, xxxviii. 18, xxviii. 39, and xxxix. 29. The garments of the church of the Messiah are spoken of under the same representation as the curtains of the tabernacle and beautiful garments of the high priest. See also Cant. i. 5. Something in the Messiah's kingdom is called by the names of the outward ornaments of the temple, Isai. lx. 13.

As the people of the Messiah are in the prophecies called by the name of God's people Israel, though they should be chiefly of the Gentiles, so likewise we find the enemies of the Messiah's people called by the names of the enemies of Israel; such as Edom, Moab, the children of Ammon, the Philistines, &c. And

the places of the abode of those enemies of the Messiah's people are called by the names of the countries and cities of God's enemies; as Egypt, Babylon, Bozrah, &c. And yet it is evident that those prophecies cannot have respect to these nations literally, as hereafter to be such grievous and troublesome neighbours to the Messiah's people, as those nations were to Israel. For the Messiah's people are to be dispersed all over the world, and not to dwell in the neighbourhood of those countries only.

Here it may be observed that the manna is called by the name of something spiritual. Ps. lxxviii. 25. He had given them the corn of heaven; man did eat angels' food, which is an argument that it was a type of something spiritual.

It was before observed, that the things of the Messiah are in the prophecies expressly compared to many of the things of the Old Testament: and I would now observe, that many of them, where they are thus compared, are compared in such a manner as to be at the same time called by the same names. Thus the bond

age that the Messiah should redeem his people from is called a lying among the pots; Ps. lxviii. 13. And this redemption of the Messiah is expressly called a redeeming them from Egypt. Isai. xi. 11. Zech. x. 10. And something that God would do for them, is called his destroying the tongue of the Egyptian sea, and making men go over dry shod; ver. 15, and dividing the sea and the river. Zech. x. 10, 11. "I will bring them again also out of the land of Egypt, and he shall pass through the sea with affliction, and shall smite the waves of the sea, and all the deeps of the river shall dry up." In Ps. Ixviii. 22, the redemption of the Messiah is called a bringing God's people again from the depths of the sea. So something that should be in the days of the Messiah, is called by the name of a cloud by day and pillar of fire by night, Isai. iv. Something appertaining to the kingdom of the Messiah is called by the name of the valley of Achor, the place where Achan was slain. Hos. ii. 15. So things appertaining to the destruction of the Messiah's enemies are often called by the names of things made use of in the destruction of the old world, of Sodom and Gomorrah, of the Egyptians, Canaanites, &c., as a flood of waters, rain, hail, stones, fire and brimstone, a burning tempest, &c., as has been observed before. The redemption of the Messiah is called by the names by which the redemption out of Babylon was called. Jer. xvi. 15. "But the Lord liveth which brought up the children of Israel out of the land of the north." So again xxiii. 8. That by the north country, or land of the north, was an appellative name by which Chaldea was called, is very manifest. See Jer. iv. 6, vi. 22, and i. 14, and very many other places. (See the Concordance.) Things that shall be brought to pass in the Messiah's days, are called by the name