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event. Accordingly when lord Lauderdale arrived in Paris, and had been recognized in his public character August 6, he delivered a long note August 7, in which he insisted on the direct admission of this principle by France; stating, that it was in consequence of the proposition of M. Talleyrand, "the emperor desired nothing which England held," that Mr. Fox had been induced to continue the negociation, and that England would not abandon this proposition.

This note received a marked and decided answer; in which the French negociator, General Clarke, declares,

"The court of France has constantly refused to admit in the same negotiation, the courts of England and Russia, and whatever desire his Majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, may have, to see a general peace shortly re-established, no consideration could induce him to violate that principle of his policy...... After several months of discussion, the cabinet of London vielded this

over a population the double of that which he in fact governs, if, at the conclusion of the treaties of peace which he made at the expiration of the several coalitions, he had taken the uti possidetis for his only principle.”

The British plenipotentiaries answered this epistle, by repeating their affirmations of what Mr. Talleyrand had originally said: and deep regret that by so absolute and decided a departure from that basis on the part of the tions of the two nations must be entirely frusFrench government, the hopes and expectatrated."

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The delivery of this paper may be considered as the close of the attempt to effect a peace. The concurrent delay occasioned by the time occupied in learning from Petersburgh, whether d'Oubril's treaty would be ratified by the emperor of Russia was consumed, partly in excuses, partly in the delivery of official notes, and in conversations with little or no object. The British having fruitlessly insisted on keeping what they had got," repeatedly ap point, and his excellency the Earl of Yar-plied for their passports; but they applied in mouth arrived publickly at Calais, and after-vain, for the French, justly dubious whether wards at Paris, for the purpose of treating the emperor Alexander would sanction the for peace. conduct of d'Oubril, gradually softened in As to Sicily, in this very supposition their tone, as the time drew near for the exhis Majesty the Emperor and King would pected answer from Petersburgh; and when not have left it to his enemies; but his Ma- the news of the (anticipated) refusal arrived, jesty would only have thought that the con- September 3, they proposed sundry matters to quest of this island should have preceded the the English negociators, which they thought opening of the negociations; and while Prus- would prove agreeable. But, the basis being sia and Russia have either guarantied or re-rejected by the French, of each party keepcognized the changes which have taken place ing what he possessed" (the British clearly in the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, is it to possessing Sicily) rendered the whole abortive. be supposed that England could have pre- Lord Yarmouth had been some time in Engvented the conquest of Sicily, which is sepa-land, and lord Lauderdale was left sole nego rated from the Continent only by a channel of less than two thousand toises? ..... His Majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, could not consider the peace as honourable, if, by one of its conditions, he was to lose a single subject, and of however little importance the colony of Tobago may be, it suffices, that it made part of the French empire at the time his Majesty took the reins of government, to prevent his ever signing a treaty in which the alienation of that colony, or of any other which belongs to him in the same manner, shall be comprized. No reasonable Englishman can have flattered himself with the contrary; and his Majesty, in the position in which he stands, would, by consenting to it, lose the esteem of every brave and generous person, even among his enemies..... The undersigned is directed to declare, that his Majesty the Emperor and King considers as a disgrace the very idea of a negotiation, founded on the uti possidetis. It is the more contrary to his principles, inasmuch as his Majesty has restored his conquests, and that he should be now reigning

ciator. This nobleman demanded his passports repeatedly; and after many delays, even after both Bonaparte and Talleyrand had left Paris for Mentz with a view to operations against Prussia, whose affairs with France, assumed a warlike aspect, and issued in war, he at length received them, and quitted Paris, October 7.

These papers are accompanied by a copy of his majesty's declaration of October 21, vide Panorama, p. 317, and terminate by notice of an affront offered Russia, by the Ottoman Porte, at the instigation of the French ambassador there, Sebastiani: with a copy of a rescript delivered by that ambassador to the Reis Effendi, Sept. 16, 1806, in which he urges other measures, still more injurious to Russia and England: no less than the shutting up the passage of the Dardanelles from both

those
powers. But, this, with other infor-
mation, is, of necessity, postponed for the
present month.

OBITUARY.

A letter from Soissons, dated June 1806, informs us that Madame Marie-Charlotte de la Rochefoucauld-Memont, the last abbess of Notre-Dame, of that city, had just died there. She was appointed abbess of Paraclet in 1768. Ten years she governed that house founded by Abelard, of which Eloisa had been first abbess; and where had been preserved, until the revolution, the relics of those two unfortunate personages, whose tomb was like

wise to be seen there.

In 1778, Madame de la Rochefoucauld left the abbey of Paraclet, being promoted to that of Notre-Dame of Soissons, one of the most ancient in France, and one of the first in regard to revenue, to the distinguished birth of its abbesses, and especially to the regularity of religious discipline which was observed in the house. Madame de la Rochefoucauld had succeeded to four abbesses of the same name, who had been eminent for their benevolent munificence, and other virtues. Madame Marie-Charlotte de la Rochefoucauld followed in the same path; ardent piety, tender and liberal charity towards the poor, attention to the discharge of her duty, and kind services to all the inhabitants of Soissons, were her principal characteristics, and had procured her their universal gratitude, and heartfelt attention. In the interior of her cloister, she shewed herself less an abbess or a superior, than a friend amongst her friends; or rather a tender mother encircled by her daughters. She continued so till the time of the revolution, marking every day of her life by some act of beneficence, and without having ever been outside of the premises, notwithstanding she had a carriage at her disposal, allowed by an ancient custom, on account of the high rank of the abbesses. This coach was not to her an article of useless luxury; it was at the service of all the families in town on occasion of marriages, or other occurrences whenever they wanted it. The inhabitants generally applied to the noble abbess for all manner of services, and she never refused assisting them, whether out of her own pocket, or by using her interest.

At the critical period of the revolution, she had her share of those calamities which befel persons of her rank and situation in life, and bore them with patient resignation. For a time she was deprived of her liberty. Reduced to poverty, we have seen her almost blind, attended by a lay sister who had been infirm from her youth, and who never forsook her; partly supported by her family, and the trifling salary which the nuns, who had continued with her, received for instructing a few children. She after a time entirely lost her sight; but her heroic patience, her even temper, and her truly christian resignation, never once failed her, although she had severe

trials to encounter; two of her brothers, the one bishop of Beauvais, and the other of Saintes, were massacred in the convent of the Carmelites, at the dreadful epoch of September 1792, which days ought to be effaced from the calendar, and should be attributed, to no age, as the chancellor de l'Hopital said of St. Bartholomew's day. Madame de la Rochefou cauld died May 27, 1806, aged 74.*

Her funeral was accompanied with honourable pomp. The whole town lamented her loss; all remembered that this lady had formerly been their benefactress, although for above fifteen years she had been an old, infirm, distressed nun-an instance of the instability of earthly happiness, and at the same time, a model of every christian virtue.

M. H. C. Boie expired at Meldorf in Holstein, in his 61st year, February 25. German literature was considerably indebted to his exertions. In 1770 he commended the German Almanach of the Muses; afterwards he edited the respectable publication, the Deutsches Mu A very great number of his poetical pieces have at various periods appeared in the different periodical works of the time, and many of thein have been translated or imitated in English and in French.

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M. l'Abbé de Fontenay, author of several literary productions, and editor successively of the Petites Affiches de Province, of the Affiches de Paris, and of the Journal général de France, died at Paris, March 28, aged 69.

M. l'Abbé Lyonnais, member of several academies, and author of the History of Lorraine, died at Nantz, June 14.

The right reverend Steven Alexander John Baptist Maria Bomier, late bishop of Orleans, and formerly one of the most formidable chiefs of the Chouan army, died at Paris, October 1. He was born at Daon, October 31, 1764, and was consecrated bishop of Orleans April 11, 1802, after having disbanded the rebel royalists, who served under his command at the time when the unfortunate Georges, conjointly with himself was in the zenith of his celebrity; he was buried with funeral pomp.

We are informed by letter from Auch, of the death of Pierre Monnede, who had attained his 116th year. He worked as a common labourer till within a few days of his death. He remembered the war of the succession of Spain in Louis the XIVth's time. In consequence of his extreme weakness, which prevented him from swallowing food, he was litterally starved to death. What is very remarkable he had never experienced a day's illness.

*For an account of the assassination of her family, vide Panorama, pages 754, and 755, in our life of Condorcet,

LITERARY PROSPECTIVE.

GREAT BRITAIN.

Mr. C. Butler of Cheam, is preparing for the press, an easy Introduction to the Mathematics, on a popular plan; designed as a useful introduction and companion to those elementary books which are usually put into the hands of the student, and a necessary assistant to those who study without a master: it will be published by subscription.

The publication of a Hebrew Bible, printed with a literal and interlineary English translation will commence this month, in numbers at one shilling each. That part of the Hebrew nation resident in England, has long been convinced of the necessity of an undertaking of this kind, particularly as conducive to the character of their youth. The more wealthy of that nation have subscribed liberally to the extensive and unprecedented undertaking.

The fifth volume of the Poetical Register, containing a great variety of original poems by eminent writers, numerous, scarce, and fugitive pieces, and brief criticisms on the poetic and dramatic publications of 1805, is in the press, and will appear at an early period in the month of January.

Shortly will be published by subscription, by Mr. Thomas Burnet, in one foolscap octavo volume, illustrated with an elegant frontispiece, the Sweets of Solitude, and other poems.

It may gratify the curious in Oriental Literature, to be informed that a number of articles, principally in the Bengalee language, sent by the Baptist Missionaries in Bengal, are now on sale, at Mr. Burditt's, Paternoster Row.

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There is at present printing at Edinburgh, an account of a Tour, through the Orkney and Shetland Islands, by Mr. Neill, Secretary to the Natural History Society in Edinburgh. The author, after describing the objects of natural history which occurred in his gress, treats fully of the state of agriculture and the fisheries, in those much neglected and interesting islands. The tour is to be followed by mineralogical surveys of Shetland, from the pen of Dr. Traill of Liverpool, who lately visited those northern islands,

Mr. Bolingbroke of Norwich, who has recently returned from Demerara, after a residence of five years in that and the adjoining colonies, intends to publish an account of his voyage, including new and interesting particulars of the present condition of the various European settlements on that coast of South America.

Mr. Blore has made considerable progress in a topographical account of Rutlandshire. Mr. Fortescue of Gray's Inn is said to be engaged in a Topographical Dictionary.

Dr. Callcot announces, in the preface of his Musical Grammar lately published, that he has not abandoned the design formed some years since of compiling a Musical Dictionary. His original plan merely professed to comprehend an abridgement of Walther, Rousseau, &c.; but, when the friendship of Mr. Kollman (organist of the chapel at St. James's) had assisted him with some valuable treatises, he found it necessary to relinquish the idea of immediate publication.

The publication of an improved edition. of the Encyclopædia Perthensis commences with this year it will be comprised in 45 parts of half a volume each, containing 360 pages, super-royal octavo; they will be published monthly.

The Rev. Rogers Ruding, B. D. Vicar of Maldon iu Surrey, proposes to publish by subscription, an historical account of the Coinage of Britain and its dependencies, from the earliest periods of authentic history to the present time. In this work will be found all the facts relating to the subject, which the author has been able to collect, from Cæsar's discovery of Britain to this time, in chronological order. These facts have been gathered from records in the Tower Roll's Chapel, Exchequer, and other public offices; from the Rolls and Journals of Parliament; from statutes, proclamations, chronicles, and histories.

The Rev. John Brown, of Whitburn, is about to publish a second edition of the Memoirs of the Rev. James Hervey. He would feel himself particularly obliged to any person who could communicate unpublished letters, or authentic anecdotes of Mr. Hervey.

Mr. Reid, of Berwick upon Tweed, designs immediately to print a new edition (the fourth) of the Select Remains of the Rev. J Brown, late of Haddington. They comain Memoirs of his Life, Letters to his Friends, Religious Tracts, Addresses to his Children, An Account of his Dying Sayings, and his Dying Advice to his Congregation.

The late Mrs. Charlotte Smith_having drawn up Memoirs of Part of her Literary Life, the same, accompanied by a Collection of her Letters, will shortly be presented to the world, by one of the members of her family.

Dr. Herdman has in the press his second discourse on the interesting subject of the management of Infants and the treatment of their diseases. It is written in a plain fa miliar style to render it intelligible and useful

to mothers and all those who have the management of infants.

The first part of Dr. Clutterbuck's inquiry into the seat and nature of Fever is expected to make its appearance in the course of the ensuing month.

Sir John Sinclair has nearly ready for publication in four volumes octavo, his long promised Code of Health and Longevity; consisting of a detail of the circumstances which tend to promote health and longevity, with rules for preserving health.

Dr. Davis is preparing for the press an abridgement of that part of professor Pinel's celebrated work on Philosophical Nosography, which treats of febrile disorders.

The fifth edition of Parkinson's medical admonitions to families is now in the press. To this edition has been added several important instructions respecting the treatment of diseases, by an early attention to which the progress of diseases may be stopped, and further aid rendered unnecessary. Such observations are also introduced as will mark the degrees of danger in the sick, shew the difference between one disease and another, point out the duties of those who attend on the sick, and teach the proper management of complaints incident to children.

In the course of next month will be commenced the Political Review, and Monthly Register, by B. Flower, of Harlow, containing remarks on the state of public affairs, a record of the most important events, foreign and domestic, state papers, parliamentary proceedings, a review of the principal publications relating to general politics and civil and religious liberty, original correspondence,

&c. &c.

J. Gifford and H. R. Yorke, Esqrs. have in great forwardness, the History of the administration of the late William Pitt, which will be comprised in four octavo volumes.

In a few days will be published in six large volumes octavo, the speeches made in parliament by the Right Honourable Charles James Fox, and the Right Honourable William Pitt, in the order in which they were actually delivered in the House of Commons, and opposed to each other in regular order. The public will, by this mode of arrangement, be put into possession of all the main arguments that have been produced for and against every great political question that has been agitated during the last thirty years; a period of uncommon interest to every lover of his country, and indeed to every individual of the civilized world. Prefixed to the first volume will be given memoirs, drawn from authentic sources, of the gentlemen whose characters the work is intended to illustrate; and the whole will be

accompanied with such notes and introductory observations as will render it a brief his tory of the times in which these celebrated statesmen flourished.

In the course of this year, M. C. Malorti de Martemont, Master of Fortification and Artillery, at the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, will publish by subscription, (to be paid on delivery) An Essay on Military Reconnoitring; with the Method of Surveying in the Field, either with or without Instruments, by Pacing, on Horseback, and by the Eye.

A new work commences with this year intitled, The Fathers of the English Church; or Selections from the Writings of the Reformers and early Divines of the English Protestant Church. The series will commence with the Works of Tindal, and a number will continue to be published regularly on the first day of each succeeding month.

The Leading Features of the Gospel delineated, by the Rev. N. Sloan, Minister of Dornock, Dumfrieshire, will appear in a few days.

A new edition of Clavigero's History of Mexico is in preparation.

The Rev. Edward Patteson, M. A. author of a General and Classical Atlas, will speedily publish An Introduction to Ancient and Modern Geography, in one small octavo volume, in the preface to which Mr. P. will particularly describe a method of applying the Atlas to purposes of geographical instruction.

The fifth edition of Curiosities of Literature is now in the press: the work is entirely recast: the most interesting topics are more completely and curiously investigated, and it has been the study of the writer to class and to compress as many events of Literary History as the limits of the work allowed.

The Dramatic Mirror, containing the Progress of the English Stage from the Days of Julius Cæsar to the present Time, will be published next month.

An Abridgement of Search's Light of Nature Pursued is in the press.

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A new translation from the last Paris edition of Voltaire's History of Charles XIIth, King of Sweden, with a Biographical memoir of the author, will appear early in this month.

FRANCE.

On account of the late changes in foreign relations, as well as the internal affairs of various countries, many alterations both with regard to authorised codes of law, and national catechisms, which deserve to be noticed, will take place. As such, the new French civil codex, as soon as the Italian translation thereof shall have been completed, will be immediately introduced, without exception,

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ment and classification, yet I am persuaded that every one who feels the necessity of rendering language unequivocal, of being definite and precise in his own writings, and who hopes to avoid all mistakes in construing the terms employed by others, will admit the propriety of the plan now suggested, or give it a better modification.

into the kingdom of Italy, and most probably, also into the kingdom of Naples. Some advices seem to lead to a supposition that these codes will also be introduced into the States of the Rhenish confederacy.-Whether the new French catechism will be introduced into the other catholic confederate states, is not yet so certain. They calculate on so great a demand for the catechism, that it is to be printed in stereotype, and a bookseller has purchas-riety of style, in ancient buildings, be deed the copyright for 25,000 dollars.

The ascendancy which English literature has obtained in France, is most clearly evinced by the projected commencement of a Monthly Repertory of English literature, to be printed in English, at Paris. It is to contain a catalogue of all books published in Great Britain, and reviews of every work deserving notice, (politics excepted), together with the proceedings of learned Societies; the progress of the fine arts; theatrical productions; patents for new discoveries; biographical memoirs of remarkable characters deceased; reports on the state of commerce, agriculture, &c.

M. L. Dubut intends to publish a work intitled Civil Architecture; it is intended to exhibit more particularly, Country Houses of all species and forms, intended for erection on domains of different extent; for the service, not only of persons whose professional occupations are engaged in this department, but also for such as may wish to superintend the erection of their own buildings.

SWEDEN.

The Swedish law and the old Swedish catechism of Serebelius, are introduced into Swedish Pomerania. The court chaplain, Ludeke, at Nordkoping, has been appointed to translate the catechism into German, for the

use of the schools in Pomerania; and the court

chaplain, Dr. Hackenburg, of Stockholm, translates the Swedish liturgy into German. A German translation of the Swedish laws is already prepared.

ARCHITECTURAL NOMENCLATURE.

From Britton's Architectural Antiquities.

of

The usual common-place terins Saxon and Gothic, are not only extremely vague, but, from indiscriminate application, are completely nugatory. It is time this was remedied; and it is rather a reproach to antigarian literature, that such improper and imperfect words should have so long continued in general use. Though almost every writer on this subject reprobates the latter term as applied to architecture, yet all continue to use it, as if it were criminal to correct inaccuracy, or oppose an absurd custom, that would be "more honoured in the breach, than in the observance." Though I am not disposed to employ an imperious dictatorial tone, to enforce the necessity of the following arranged

I would recommend that each decisive va

signated by one of the following phrases, agreeably to the era of its prevalence; and to be more precise in these, it may be necessary to specify five divisions, or eras of time; each of which is marked by a distinct style of architecture in the public buildings erected during the respective periods.

First style-Anglo-Saxon. This will embrace all buildings that were erected between the times of the conversion of the Saxons, and the Norman conquest, from A. D. 597, to A. D. 1006.

Second style.-Anglo-Norman, by which will be meant that style which prevailed from 1066 to 1189, including the reigns of William I. and II. Henry I. Stephen, and Henry II.

Third style.-English, from 1189 to 1272, embracing the reigns of Richard I. John, and Henry III.

Fourth style. Decorated English, from 1272 to 1461, including the reigns of Edward I. II. and III. Richard II. and Henry IV. V. and VI.

Fifth style.-Highly decorated, or florid English, from 1461 to 1509, including the reigns of Edward IV. and V. Richard III. and Henry VII.

congruity; and the public buildings erected From this era we lose sight of all style and during the reigns of Henry VIII. Elizabeth and James I. may be characterized by the terms of debased English, or Anglo-Italian.

Though each is very distinct and different from the other, yet during the intermediate time when one style was growing into repute and the other sinking in favour, there will be found a mixture of both in one building, which is not referable to either, and which has constituted the greatest problem in antiquarian science.

Engravings of the Moon in Plano,-The late Mr. Russell, celebrated among men of science for the production of the lunar globe, left at his death, two lunar planispheric drawings, the result of numberless telescopic observations, scrupulously measured by a micrometer: one of which drawings exhibits the lunar disk in a state of direct opposition to the sun, when the eminences and depressions are undetermined, and every intricate part, arising from colour, form, or inexplicable causes, is surprisingly developed

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