MASON. works, which is to be removed and carried away when they are complete. So, also, all shoring is to be provided, if the works be alterations, or the adjoining buildings may be injured by carrying them into effect. The shoring is to be performed in a safe, scientific, and workmanlike manner, of the fronts, floors, or otherwise, as the case may be. 2285. CARPENTER AND JOINER. Where the extent of the works requires a clerk of the works a direction must be given to provide, erect, and maintain, during their performance, a temporary office for the clerk of the works, with all appurtenances complete, with stool, table, and all other requisite furniture. No All materials requisite for completion of the buildings according to the drawings are to be provided by the contractor. The oak is to be of English growth; the timber not specified of oak is to be of the best Dantzic, Riga, or Memel yellow fir. American, Swedish, or Scotch fir to be used in any part of the building. All the floors and joiner's work are, except where otherwise directed, to be of the best Christiana deals. The timbers and deals are to be cut square, entirely free from sapwood, shakes, large knots, and all other defects. If any part or parts of the joiner's work should shrink or fly within eighteen months from the finishing and fixing the same, the contractor is to take down, refix, and make good the same, together with all works that may be affected thereby, at his own expense. No joists, rafters, or quarters are in any case, unless particularly so directed, to be more than 12 inches clear distance from one another. To provide and fix, ease, and strike all centering and turning pieces for the vaults, arches, trimmers, and other works. Provide all temporary shores that may be necessary. Fix all iron-work of every description. Provide and fix all necessary templets, linings, blocks, stops, casings, beads, springing fillets, angle staffs, grounds, linings, backings, furrings, cappings, and other finishings incident to carpenters' and joiners' works, together with all necessary grooving, rebating, framing, tonguing, housing, beading, mitring, framing, and other workmanship necessary for completing the works. To provide good and secure casing for all the stone dressings, to protect the same from injury during the execution of the works; and any accident arising from neglect in this respect is to be made good at the expense of the carpenter. Bond timber. One tier is generally enough for basement story. Two tiers in the other floors, unless very lofty. One tier in the upper story. 4 inches by 2 inches all around the walls, except where intercepted by the chimneys, to be lapped together, where joints occur, at least 6 inches, and to be properly spiked together. Party walls may be bonded with iron hooping, if thought proper, for a greater security against fire. To find and fix all wood bricks for fixing the finishings to. Provide and fix all lintels, and filling in lintels that may be necessary to the several openings: each to be 4 inches high, of the width of the brick work, and 16 inches longer than the opening. Two small lintels will do if the width of the sofite be considerable, and arches as directed in the bricklayer's work be turned. For ground or rather basement floors, walls are brought up for receiving oak sleepers, 5 by 3 inches; on which fir joists 4 by 2 are generally the scantlings employed. For other floors. Wall plates 6 by 4 are described. Girders Joists of all descriptions, according Trimmers and trimming joists All which, with their requisite scantlings, will be found in Practical Carpentry. (2013, et seq.) Cradling to the girders and such parts as may be necessary to form panels and coffers on the under side for the ceiling, if such be practised. Where it is necessary to truss the girders, that must be stated. Cock down all girders on the wall plates. Pin bridging joists to binders with -inch oak pins. For roofs, wall plates should be at least 6 inches by 6 inches. For the different timbers of the several sorts of roofs, the reader will refer to the section on Practical Carpentry, where they are described, and scantlings given of works that have been executed. (2027, et seq.) Ceiling joists also to be de scribed. To what is there found, we may add, that hips and ridges rounded for lead ought to be 10 by 2. CARPENTER AND JOINER. Where close boarding is used, it should not be less than 3 to an inch thick. If battens for slating, they should be 2 inches wide; the first should be nailed with eightpenny nails. Provide lear boards. We prefer, on many accounts, and, indeed, ourselves usually adopt, the Italian method of laying the rafters horizontally as so many purlines. For the boarding thus lying lengthwise towards the gable, any wet that may find its way on to it from defective slates or lead, is not apt to lodge against and rot the edges. Flats are described with wall plates usually 6 by 6. Trimmers and trimming joists against chimneys, and where skylights occur; and 14 inch yellow deal boarding, listed, free from sapwood, laid with a current of 1-inch to 10 feet lineal, with 2 drips to heading joints, of lead rolls to longitudinal joints, and inch yellow deal risers not less than 4 inches wide next the gutter Gutters to the roof or roofs are to be as shown on the plan, with inch yellow deal bottoms on strong fir bearers, and laid with a current of 1 inches to every 10 feet; 2 rebated drips, and at the sides to have 3-inch deal lear boards, 9 inches wide. Gutter boards are rarely more than 14 inch thick. Gutter plates, if any, to be described, but they should never be used without support from below. Trim for trap doors, if any, leading to the roof, and provide and fix dormers with all necessary framing. Cheeks, doors, beaded stops and linings, and ironmongery. lead to top and cheeks, as the case may be. Boarding for slating or Dormers may be similarly described for windows in the roof. of interties, 1 inch by 24 inches. In cases where partitions are to be trussed for To put to... floors (or to the whole if desired) sounding boarding of 3-inch deal, chopped and fixed upon fillets to receive the pugging. All external walls should be described to be battened. The thickness of the battens is usually from 3-inch to 1-inch, their widths 24 inches, and they are placed from 7 to 12 inches apart. If no bond timber to nail them to, plugs must be let into the walls. Bracketing and cradling is usually, for cornices, cones, &c., 14 inch thick; for entablatures, circular sofites, and waggon-headed ceilings, 1 to 2 inches thick. All bearers to be fixed and provided as shall be necessary. Weather boarding of the best sort is described as 3-inch yellow deal, wrought, or wrought and beaded. Luffer boarding ought to be of 1-inch deal, wrought two sides and splayed. Warehouse posts must be described with their relation to the weight they are to carry (see Mechanical Carpentry, 1600, et seq.), the caps to them should be long, so that they may not press into the girders, and, if practicable, iron dowels should pass through the girders to catch the bases of the posts in the floor above. In ordinary cases fir story are about 9 inches square. Oak caps 3 feet long, with splayed ends 9 by 6. Flools are usually rough, not less than 1-inch deal rebated. Water trunks are made of sizes from 4 to 6 inches or more square, of 3-inch to 14-inch deal. They are always to be described as pitched and fixed complete, with hopper heads and shoes, wall hooks, holdfasts, &c. Park paling is of the following varieties, and must be described accordingly : — 4-feet oak cleft pales, 2 arris rails and oak posts. If there is to be an oak plank at the bottom, and oak capping at top, they must be To provide and fix . . . cubic feet of Baltic yellow fir timber, with all labour thereto, beyond the quantity necessary for the work herein described, to be used in such additional works as may be directed by the architect; and if the whole or any part thereof should not be ordered, the same shall be deducted from the amount of the consideration of the contract, after the rate of... per foot cube. All additional fir, if any should be ordered, is to be taken at the like price of ... per foot cube. The varieties of floors are as follow, each set of thicknesses being enumerated in the order of their increasing value. Batten floors are for better rooms. CARPENTER AND JOINER. -inch white deal, rough, with edges shot. -inch white deal batten floor, wrought, and laid folding. i-inch white deal, rough edges shot. 1-inch white deal, wrought, and laid folding. 1-inch white deal, wrought, and laid straight, joint and splayed headings. 1-inch yellow deal, wrought, and laid folding. 1-inch yellow deal, wrought, and laid straight, joint and splayed headings. 1-inch white deal batten floor, wrought, and laid folding. 1-inch white deal batten floor, wrought, and laid straight, joint and splayed headings. 1-inch yellow deal batten floor, wrought, and laid folding. 1-inch yellow deal batten floor, wrought, and laid straight, joint and splayed headings. 1-inch white deal, rough edges shot. 14-inch white deal, wrought, and laid folding. 1-inch white deal, wrought, straight joint, and splayed headings. 1-inch yellow deal, rough edges shot. 11-inch yellow deal, wrought, and laid folding. 11-inch yellow deal, wrought, straight joint, and splayed headings. 14-inch white deal batten floor, straight joint, and splayed headings. 11-inch white deal batten floor, straight joint edge nailed, and splayed headings. 1-inch yellow deal batten floor, straight joint, and splayed headings. 1-inch yellow deal batten floor, straight joint, edge nailed, and tongued headings. 1-inch yellow deal batten floor, dowelled with oak dowels, with mitred and glued 1-inch yellow deal, clean batten floor, dowelled with oak dowels, with mitred and glued borders. Warehouse floors are of 14-inch yellow deal, rough edges shot. 14-inch yellow deal, wrought, and laid folding. 1-inch yellow deal, wrought, and straight joint, and splayed headings 2-inch yellow deal, rough edges shot 2-inch yellow deal, wrought, and laid folding. 2-inch yellow deal, wrought, and laid straight, joint and splayed headings. All these last may be ploughed, rebated, and feather-tongued. The floors of inlaid or parquetry work must form, when to be provided, special sub jects of specification; they must be described according to drawings, on which are to be marked the different woods to be used in their formation. The varieties of skirtings are classed as under, beginning with the commonest sort : — 4-inch deal square skirting. -inch deal square skirting. -inch deal torus skirting. 1-inch deal square skirting. 1-inch deal square skirting, rebated, and backed plinth, with fillet nailed to floor. 1-inch deal torus skirting. 14-inch deal square skirting. 14-inch deal torus skirting. 1-inch deal torus skirting, rebated, and backed plinth, with fillet nailed to floor. If any of these, as to stairs for instance, are raking, and to be scribed to steps, they must be so described, and so if any of them are to be ramped, and similarly if they are to be scribed to moulded nosings, as also if they be circular on the plan. Dados in their varieties are as follow, premising that they are nailed to grounds which should be mentioned. -inch deal keyed. i-inch deal keyed. 14-inch deal keyed. 1-inch deal keyed, ploughed, and tongued. 14-inch deal keyed, feather-tongued. CARPENTER AND JOINER. Scribed to steps, circular on plan, and wreathed, or ramped: those matters must be mentioned. Of wainscotting with fascia and skirting, the different kinds are subjoined in the order of their quality. 1-inch deal, square framed 1-inch deal, square framed dwarf 1-inch deal, square framed 1-inch deal, square framed, dwarf 1-inch deal, bead butt or moulded 1-inch deal, bead flush The number of panels high to be specified. When any of these are raking, or to have a beaded or moulded capping, or both or either, such must be specified. Partitions of deal for the division of rooms are only used in taverns and the like; but where they are wanted, as for a mere separation in servants' rooms, they may be employed. Their varieties are — 1-inch deal board, and braced with-inch panels. 1-inch deal, rough, and ledged edges shot. 1-inch deal, wrought both sides, and ploughed. These are scarcely to be employed. These, as well as any preceding and following parts of a specification, will, of course, have reference to what is wanted in the design which it is the architect's object to describe in such specification. Grounds. We have mentioned grounds generally (2166.); but it may be as well here to insert their several sorts: for instance, Those of inch deal, of 1-inch deal, of 14-inch deal, of 14-inch deal, and whether circular; also 1-inch, 14-inch, and 14-inch skeleton grounds, which it is, perhaps, for security against extras, as well as repeat. Door cases are usually employed on basement stories, and should be of oak, though fir is constantly used for them. They fit into the brickwork, and are usually about 5 by 5 inches, and they should be tenoned (the tenon being well pitched or set in white lead) into the stone step, on which they ought to be placed; for the sill, into which it is the practice to place them, soon rots, however good the material. Door linings and their sofites. These are either plain or framed, the former being of the commoner sort, and the latter for better work and places. They may be enumerated as follow: 1-inch deal, single rebated. 1-inch deal, double rebated (that is, so that the door may hang on either side). 14-inch deal, single rebated. 11-inch deal, double rebated. 14-inch deal, single rebated. 1-inch deal, double rebated. Either of the foregoing, if to be beaded on the edge, must be so described. Of framed linings and sofites for doors there are — 11-inch, square framed in one panel and double rebated. 1-inch, square framed in one panel and double rebated, bead butt or moulded. 11-inch, square framed in one panel and double rebated, bead flush. 14-inch, square framed in one panel and double rebated. 1-inch, square framed in one panel and double rebated, bead butt, or moulded. 1-inch, square framed in one panel and double rebated, bead flush. If the panels in the linings are to be raised, to correspond with panels of doors, they must be so described. CARPENTER AND JOINER. Framed back linings are as follow: - 1-inch deal, two panel square, bead butt. 1-inch deal, three panel square, bead butt. 1-inch deal, four panel square. 1-inch deal, four panel square, bead butt. If there be more than four panels, or they are splayed on the plan, or if bead flush, or of a greater thickness, they must be so specified. Backs, elbows, and sofites to windows are described as 1-inch deal, keyed. 1-inch deal, keyed, framed square. 14-inch deal, framed square. 1-inch deal, framed square, moulded, or bead butt. 1-inch deal, framed square, bead flush. 14-inch deal, square framed sofite, with one edge circular. Applicable to bay win 14-inch deal, square framed sofite, with two edges circular. J dows. 1-inch deal, square framed sofite, moulded, or bead butt. 1-inch deal, framed square. 1-inch deal, framed square, moulded, or bead butt. 1-inch deal, framed square, moulded, or bead flush. If any of these are splayed, fancy moulded, and with cappings, when also they are circular on the plan, they must be so particularly specified, inasmuch as the price is thereby enhanced. Boxings for shutters are of the following varieties: 1-inch deal, splayed boxings. 1-inch deal, proper boxings. 1-inch deal, proper boxings. 11-inch deal, boxings with circular head. 1-inch deal, boxings for sliding shutters, with pulley pieces, beads, fillets, and grooves, complete. 11-inch deal, boxings for sliding shutters, with pulley pieces, beads, fillets, and grooves, complete. These, if to be double hung, must be so described. Window shutters. As in the foregoing parts of a specification, we shall proceed from the common to the better sorts. 4-inch deal, ledged or clamped. 4-inch deal, ledged, or clamped, in two heights. 1-inch deal, clamped. 1-inch deal, clamped in two heights. 1-inch deal, clamped in two heights, one panel, bead butt, and square. 1-inch deal, clamped in two heights, one panel, bead flush, and square. 1-inch deal, clamped in two heights, one panel, bead flush, and bead butt. 1-inch deal, two panels square, in two heights. 1-inch deal, two panels square, in two heights, moulded, or bead butt, and square. 1-inch deal, two panels square, in two heights, bead flush, and square. 1-inch deal, two panels square, in two heights, bead flush, and bead butt. These may be described of 1-inch deal; but the back flaps need not be more than one inch, and the additional panels in height, projecting mouldings, if any, and other variations from the general description, must be mentioned. Sliding shutters are to be described in their varieties, as follow: — These, if of 1-inch deal, and if more panels in height, must be so described; so also if they are circular on the plan; and if patent lines are to be used for the hanging, they must be mentioned. Outside shutters, now rarely used, even in the provinces, except for shop fronts, must be mentioned, to make our description complete; they are of 1-inch deal, three panels, bead butt and square. 1-inch deal, three panels bead flush and square. |