CARPENTER AND JOINER. 24-inch Honduras mahogany doors, 6 panels, moulded on both sides. If any of these are hung folding, with projecting mouldings, or with double margins, it must be so specified. The last set of doors, if required to be of a better description, may be specified of the best Spanish mahogany 2-inch Honduras mahogany sash-door, astragal and hollow bottom, panel moulded and square. 2-inch Honduras mahogany sash-door, astragal and hollow bottom, panel moulded on both sides. 24-inch Honduras mahogany sash-door, astragal and hollow bottom, panel moulded and square. 24-inch Honduras mahogany sash-door, astragal and hollow bottom, panel moulded If hung folding, or with double margin, or diminished stiles, to be so specified. 2-inch deal, 4 panels, the lower panels bead butt and square, and the upper panels 2-inch deal, 4 panels, the lower panels bead butt and square, and the upper panels bead butt on the back. 2-inch deal, 4 panels, the lower panels bead butt and square, and the upper panels bead flush on the back. If the panels have raised mouldings, specify them. 24-inch deal, 4 panels, the lower panels bead butt and square, upper panels square on both sides. 24-inch deal, 4 panels square, bead butt on the back. 24-inch deal, 4 panels square, bead flush on the back. Specify raised mouldings, if any. 2-inch deal, 6 panels, lower panels bead butt and square, upper panels square both sides. 2-inch deal, 6 panels, lower panels bead butt and square, upper panels square, bead butt on the back. Specify raised mouldings, if any. 24-inch deal, 6 panels, the lower panels bead butt and square, and the upper panels square both sides. 24-inch deal, 6 panels, the lower panels bead butt and square, and the upper panels square, bead butt on the back. 2-inch deal, 6 panels, the lower panels bead butt and square, and the upper panels square, bead flush on the back. If with raised mouldings, so describe them; also, if double margined, &c. Any of these external doors, if hung folding, or with circular or curved heads, must be so specified. Sash doors are of the following varieties: 14-inch deal, 2 panels, square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 1-inch deal, 2 panels, bead butt and square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 2-inch deal, 2 panels, bead butt and square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 2-inch deal, 2 panels, bead flush and square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 2-inch deal, 2 panels, moulded and square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 2-inch deal, 2 panels, moulded and bead butt, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 2-inch deal, 2 panels, moulded and bead flush, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 2-inch deal, 2 panels, moulded on both sides, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 2-inch deal, 2 panels, square, with diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 24-inch deal, 2 panels, bead butt and square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 2-inch deal, 2 panels, bead flush and square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 24-inch deal, 2 panels, moulded and square, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 2-inch deal, 2 panels, moulded and bead butt, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 2-inch deal, 2 panels, moulded and bead flush, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. 24-inch deal, 2 panels, moulded on both sides, diminished stiles, and ovolo sash. If hung folding, or with marginal lights, to be so described. It is the practice in describing joiner's work, to specify the ironmongery used with it, that is, the hinges, locks, fastenings, and furniture; and we have accordingly mentioned the hanging and fastening of common doors, and gates, and coach-house doors CARPENTER AND JOINER. Common framed 4-panel doors are usually hung with 3-inch butts and 7-inch iron rim stock locks. Better doors are hung with 4-inch iron or brass butts, mortice locks and brass nob furniture. Folding doors, if heavy, should have 4 or 5-inch brass butts, and if necessary to clear mouldings, they should be hung with projecting brass butts, and should moreover be provided with flush and other bolts, and mortice locks and furniture. Doors of dining, drawing, and other rooms, where they are required to clear the carpet by rising as they open, should have 4 or 4-inch rising joint butts. For closet doors, 34-inch butts are usually described with brass tumbler locks and keys. External doors require the provision of larger locks, which are usually iron rim locks with 10 or 12-inch bright rod bolts, chains, staples, &c. Shutters when hung are with butts, which for the back flaps are of a less size, and spring bar fastenings should be specified to them. Brass nobs to the front flaps. Moulded architraves to doors and windows are described by their width. Columns and pilasters are usually described 11-inch deal diminished columns, . . . inches diameter. 1-inch deal diminished columns, . . . inches diameter. Pilasters similarly specified. Both one and the other to be glued up and blocked. If fluted, to be mentioned; as also necking grooves to columns. Caps and bases according to the order, carved or of papier maché, as the expense will allow. Entablatures got out of deal, as per drawing, provide glued, blocked, and fixed with all necessary brackets and grounds. Water-closets are fitted up with 1-inch clean deal (wainscot or mahogany), seats, risers, and clamped flaps, square skirtings, all requisite bearers and pipe-casing; and the joiner is to attend on the plumber while fixing the basins and other work. Privies are described as to seats and risers the same as water-closets. Cisterns, internal and external, must have their cistern cases proportioned in thickness to their sizes; thus one about 3 or 3 feet 6 inches long, and 2 feet 9 inches deep, will do on 1-inch deal dovetailed it should be described with requisite bearers, and a cover of -inch deal with a wood handle. For a good-sized external cistern, we should specify, provide and fix a wrought and dovetailed 2-inch deal cistern case, . . . feet long, feet wide, and . . . feet deep in the clear. Find and fix all necessary bearers for the same, together with all other requisite fittings, and further provide a 3-inch deal strongly ledged cover, with saddle-back fillets and water channels at each joint, as shall be directed. Cisterns for water-closets. Each to have cistern cases of 2-inch deal capable of containing 36 cubic feet of water, fixed with strong bearers and ledged covers of -inch yellow deal tongued and beaded. Sinks, describe as under, when wooden ones lined with lead are used. 14-inch dovetailed sink, enclosed with 14-inch deal square-framed front, and door hung with 3-inch butts and other necessary ironmongery. Warm bath. To be fitted up (of the best Spanish mahogany) with riser, frame, and clamped flap, provided and fixed with all requisite bearers and other fittings and appurtenances. The flap to be moulded in front, and hung with 3-inch butt hinges, and the riser panelled and moulded as shown in the drawings. Dressers. The following is a specification for a good house. Provide and fix a dresser in the kitchen, of 2-inch deal, with cross-tongued top 10 feet long and 2 feet 9 inches wide, supported on strong framed legs and bearers. 1-inch deal pot-board and bearers. Six 11-inch sunk shelves, whose widths are to average 7 inches. Back of the shelves to be of 1-inch deal, wrought, beaded, grooved, and cross-tongued. 1-inch deal top, 14 inches wide, with moulded cornice. Five drawers with bottoms and dovetailed rims of 3-inch deal. The fronts to be of 1-inch deal, beaded. A brass drop handle and a good patent tumbler lock to each drawer, together with all slides, runners, bearers, and other requisite appurtenances. Dresser top for scullery, 1-inch clean deal, 2 feet 6 inches wide and 6 feet long, crosstongued and fixed upon strong wrought and framed legs and bearers. Plate-rack for scullery to be provided over the sink, and of the same length. Sink as above described. Spit-rack to be provided over the kitchen chimney, or other convenient place, as may be directed. Dwarf closets, if any are used, may be of 1-inch deal, square framed and moulded in front, the doors to be hung with 2-inch butts, and to have tumbler locks. Pipe casings, wrought and framed, to be provided where necessary, to hide lead pipes of all descriptions, and fronts to unscrew for coming at the pipes in case of defects therein. CARPENTER AND JOINER. Fittings for larder, as follow: Provide a clean deal dresser top, 1 inch thick, 2 feet 6 inches wide, and . . . feet long, to be feather-tongued and fixed on strong framed legs and rails. Two meat rails, 6 feet long, of wrought fir, 3 by 2 inches, suspended from wrought iron stirrups. Provide also a hanging shelf, 6 feet long, 10 inches wide, and 14 inch thick, to be similarly suspended by wrought iron stirrups. Laundry to be fitted up with 1-inch clean white deal washing troughs, wrought two sides, and splayed and put together with white lead, as shown on drawing. 11-inch deal ironing board, wrought both sides and clamped, properly hung with hinges to a hanging stile. Provide two clothes racks, hung with pullies and ropes to the ceiling to raise and lower the same. Dust bin, with proper slides, where shown on the plan, to contain 30 feet cube, the whole to be of oak. Arris gutters to eaves should never be of wood: zinc or copper are better materials, and we do not therefore think it necessary to describe them. Fittings to shops are so various that no general description can be given. They must be referred to drawings, and on them the specification should be written. So of shop fronts. Stable fittings are specified as follow: : 2-inch deal bottoms and 1-inch deal sides. Wrought oak mangerrails, 4 by 3 inches. Wrought, rebated, and rounded oak manger post, 6 by 4 inches, wrought and framed with bearers thereto. Oak heel-posts, wrought, 6 by 5 inches, and groove for partitions. Oak top rails, 5 by 4 inches, grooved and rounded at the top. Oak bottom rails, wrought, 4 by 4 inches, grooved and arris rounded off. 1-inch deal partitions, wrought on both sides, ploughed, tongued, and beaded. 1-inch deal rails on each side, board wide, and the arrisses rounded off. Fronts to hay-racks. Oak standard, 4 by 4 inches, wrought and framed into oak Line the walls to the height of 5 feet with 1-inch yellow deal, wrought, ploughed, Churches. To give general directions for the specification of a church would be impossible. The principles of its timbering may be collected from what has preceded. Pewing is executed as planned on the drawings, of whole deal (generally) square-framed partitions two panels high; 14-inch framed doors and enclosures one or two panels high, with stiles, munnions, and top rails 3 inches wide, and bottom rails 6 inches wide. The panels of the doors and enclosures should not be more than a board in width, and the framework round them chamfered. The doors are hung with 3-inch butt hinges, and should have brass nob pulpit latches. Capping to the whole of the pewing, grooved and moulded according to drawing. Pew fittings are, 14-inch wrought and rounded seats 12 inches wide, with proper bearers and 14-inch cut brackets not more than 3 feet apart. Seats rounded next the pew doors. Flap-seats in the galleries to have strong joints. All the pews to have inch book boards 6 inches wide, with 4-inch rounded capping bearers, and -inch cut brackets thereunder, not more than 2 feet 6 inches apart, and the ends rounded next the pew doors. If there be an organ, its enclosure and the free seats adjoining it should correspond with the pew enclosures. Free seats of 11-inch deal, as shown in the drawings. The seats to be 11 inches wide, rounded in front. Backs framed with stiles, munnions, and rails, 3 inches wide, and the standards, ends, and bearers, according to the drawings. Children's seats to be of 11inch deal, with brackets same thickness, not more than 2 feet 6 inches apart; at least 8 inches wide, and the flap seats, where they occur, to be hung with strong butts. Pulpits and reading desks are usually of 1-inch deal, framed according to drawings, with 14-inch doors, hung with brass hinges and pulpit latches. Whole deal floors on bearers, 1-inch book boards, cappings and bearers. 1-inch clean deal or wainscot steps and risers, moulded returned nosings, 14 inch, beaded, sunk and cut string boards, strong bracketed carriages. 1-inch square framed sofite under pulpit floor and stairs, mahogany or wainscot moulded handrail, with caps turned and mitred; square bar balusters with one in ten of iron; turned newels to block steps; seats of 14-inch deal, 13 inches wide, and proper bearers thereto, together with all appurtenances and requisite fittings for executing the drawings. CARPENTER AND JOINER. The carpenter and joiner is to provide all such jobbing work, in following or preceding the other artificers engaged on the works and their appurtenances, as may be requisite for the completion thereof in every respect, without any extra charge. 2286. FOUNDER, SMITH, AND IRONMONGER. For describing cast iron girders and columns, reference must be had to Chap. II. Sect. V. (1753, et seq.), wherein will be found the method of determining their scantlings-for which no rule can be given that is not dependent on the results there laid down. Having determined the weight to be borne, no girder (and such should be inserted in the specification) should be allowed to be used, that has not been previously tested by weighing it at the foundery. Cast iron cradles are sometimes used for openings, which must be described for the particular occasions as they occur. Chimney bars are described usually as follows: Provide and fix to kitchen chimney two wrought iron cradle bars, each 2 inches wide and -inch thick, long enough to extend to the outside of the chimney jambs, and turned up and down at each end. The other chimneys are to have wrought iron chimney bars 3 inches wide and inch thick. Straps, stirrup irons, nuts, bolts, screws, and washers, together with all other wrought iron work for the roofs and partitions, to be provided, as may be requisite for tying in and securing all carpentry, and the smith is to deliver to and assist the carpenter in fixing or attaching the same. Where the quantity is uncertain, a given weight beyond the above general direction should be provided in the contract, such part thereof as may not be wanted to be deducted from the accounts after the rate of . . . per cwt. Provide all necessary cramps of cast and wrought iron, as may be directed, for the mason, the former to be used where the works are exposed to the air. Wrought iron doors to be provided for strong room (or if opening in a party wall), folding, and of the best quality, as shown in drawing; with hinges and proper fastenings, of the value at least of 251. If cast iron sashes are used in any part of a building, they are to be provided with reference to drawings. Wedges for underpinning must be described with reference to the thickness of walls they are to catch: each pair must be at least as long as the wall is thick. Balusters to a buck stone staircase and landings are described. Wrought iron balusters, inch square, with turned wrought iron newel equal to 1 inch diameter, with rounded handrail of wrought iron 14 by inch. The balusters and newel are to be riveted into the handrail at top, and at the bottom let into the stone work and run with lead. Balusters to a principal staircase are described Ornamental cast iron balusters, as shown on the drawings, with top rail of wrought iron 14 by an inch, let into and firmly screwed to the mahogany (or wainscot) handrail. The balusters and newels are to be riveted into the iron rail, and at the bottom they are to be let into the stonework and run with lead Balusters of wrought iron to be provided for strengthening the principal staircase when not of stone. Every tenth baluster to be of wrought iron, properly fastened. Provide and fix... knockers for . . . doors to .... Air bricks of cast iron to be provided and fixed in the brickwork for the ventilation of the floors. Air gratings, . . . in number, to be provided, 9 inches square, and fixed round the lower part of the walls of the house. Area gratings,... to each area (if any there be), to be prepared and fixed of cast iron, with bars 1 inch by of an inch, and not more than 14 inch apart. Frames 1 inch by 1 inch, and with strong flanges to let into the surrounding stone-work. Window guards of wrought iron to the windows of..., and... bars to be 1 inch square and 4 inches apart, with framework of iron of the same substance securely fixed to the brickwork. Cast iron rain-water pipe, for a large size stack, is described 6 inches diameter, to lead from the roof down into the drain, with head and shoe complete. Coal plates (if more than one) of cast iron, with proper fastenings to be fixed over the coal shoot. Cast iron ornamental railing, as per drawing, to the windows, or to the stone balcony in front of the house, as the case may be. Air traps of cast iron to all communications of surface water with drains to be of appropriate size, and provide all gully-hole gratings that may be necessary. To provide for the carpenter's and joiner's works, and use and fix thereto, besides that FOUNDER, SMITH, AND IRONMONGER. which has been already described, all requisite spikes, nails, screws, and other proper ironmongery, and all requisite brass work, both to be of the very best quality. Provide a copper,... inches diameter, and stewing stoves as shown on the drawings, with all requisite bars and iron work. No.... Cast-iron hay-racks, 3 feet wide and 2 feet high in the clear. 14-inch round staves, about 3 inches apart, the frames 14 by of an inch, with the arris rounded off next the staves. Provide and fix two manger rings in each stall. Cast iron coping to the walls of the dung-pit of the thickness of of an inch, and returned on each side 4 inches down at the least. Cast iron gratings to stable yards are usually described as of the weight of 1 cwt. Provide cast iron saddle bars for the windows by 14 inch, 12 inches longer than the clear width of each window, laid into and worked up with the brickwork, at the height shown on the drawings. Provide to each window wrought iron framework for a hopper casement, as shown on the drawings, and fit up the same complete, with patent lines, brass pulleys, and all other requisite appurtenances. 2287. PLASTERER. To lath, plaster, float, and set all the ceilings and strings of staircases, and the quartered partitions of the... chambers (such as servants' rooms) on attic stories. To render, float, and set all brick work in attic stories. To plaster all sides of the kitchen offices and office passages with best floated rough stucco, lathed where requisite. All the remainder of the sides of the interior throughout is to be executed with the very best floated stucco, lathed where requisite. Stucco of offices (or office buildings if any) to be finished with rough surfaces; all the rest of the stucco to be troweled quite smooth. All the arched, groined, panelled, and coffered work, and the bands and architraves, to be executed in guaged stuff, in the best and most accurate manner. To run plaster cornices round the several rooms, lobbies, passages, and other parts of the building, with enrichments thereto accurately modelled according to the draw. ings (the enrichments, if so wished, to be described as of papier maché). A centre flower to each room on the ground and one-pair floor, where marked, securely fixed to the ceiling. These are, on all accounts, better for security in the papier maché, as they can be then screwed to the ceiling. Basement or ground story (or both, as the case may be) is to be run round in all the rooms, lobbies, passages, &c. with skirtings of Parker's cement, 10 inches high, 14 inch thick, whited when soft, and finally washed of stone colour. The plasterer is to execute all necessary beads, quirks, and arrisses. To stucco all internal and external reveals, to dub out where the work may require it, so as to bring out all extra thicknesses and projections, and to counter-lath the work over large timbers and elsewhere, as may be necessary. The lathing throughout is to be performed with lath-and-half heart of fir laths, free from sap. Enrichments to be carefully trimmed and finished off, and where heavy leaves or embossed work may require it, to be screwed with strong copper screws. The ceilings on the two principal floors are to be distempered by the painter. All the rest of the ceilings, strings, and mouldings are to be whitened. The sides of the rooms in the attic or garrett (as the case may be) stories, as well as the lobbies, closets, passages, &c., are to be finished of such stone colour tints as the architect may direct. Lime-white stables and coach-house walls, larders, sculleries, cellars, including vaulting under sides of floors where open, &c. When Parker's cement is used for external works, describe as under : To stucco in the very best manner with Parker's cement, jointed to imitate masonry, the whole (or part, if such be the case) of the exterior of the building, with columns, pilasters, plinths, entablatures, strings, mouldings, labels, jambs, reveals, chimneys, chimney moulds, decorations, enrichments, and appurtenances of every kind, as shown on the drawings and profiles. Such works to be subject to such further instructions from the architect as he may think proper, and to be roughly coloured as each portion is executed, and finally coloured when the architect shall so direct, with weather-proof colour |