determined to turn my steps at once to Lycia; and I have, as will be seen from the line of my route on the map, traversed it in several directions. The new discoveries which I have made on this excursion have richly rewarded me; and I am led to believe that the materials for the historian, the philologist, and the lover of art, which I have rescued from the ruins I visited, will be found of no inconsiderable value. The geographer will see that I have mapped the interior of the country, which hitherto has been unknown, and left blank in the maps: for the coast I am indebted to the admirable Survey of Captain Beaufort. In this small province I have discovered the remains of eleven cities not denoted in any map, and of which I believe it was not known that any traces existed. These eleven, with Xanthus and Tlos described in my former Journal, and the eleven other cities along the coast visited by former travellers, make together twenty-four of the thirty-six cities mentioned by Pliny as having left remains still seen in his age. I also observed, and have noticed in my Journal, many other piles of ruins not included in the above numbers. Many of the coins which I have found, and of which I give copies in the following pages, were before unknown to the numismatist, and others will enable him to assign place and date to coins in various museums, which have before been unexplained or erroneously attributed. Of the beautiful sculptures and coloured bas-reliefs found among the ruins, I have brought away numerous drawings, with which my Journal is illustrated. Some of the inscriptions, of which I took copies on this tour, are of great value, as supplying a key to the hitherto unknown Lycian language, and others are important as bearing upon, and in some instances elucidating very curiously, questions of remote history. To Mr. Hermann Wiener I have great pleasure in expressing my acknowledgments for his translations of the numerous Greek inscriptions which I copied; as I have to my friend Mr. Daniel Sharpe, for his paper on the Lycian inscriptions. I have also to thank Professor Don for kindly furnishing me with the names and classes of the plants which I collected, many of which he describes as of species hitherto unknown. London, April, 1841. C. F. CONTENTS. PAGE Arrival at Smyrna.—Costume.-Description of the Town.—Casino Ball.-Slave Market.-Manners of the People.-Greek Church. -Antiquities.-Egyptian Customs.-Departure for Magnesia. Caravan Bridge.-Natural History on the way.-Khan at Mag- Journey to Sóma. -Inscriptions.-Proceed to Pergamus.-Its Antiquities and Situation.-A Khan.-Natural History of the Country.-Adramyttium.-Assos.—Its Architectural Remains. -Its Tombs.-Manners of the People.-Alexandrian Troy.- Its Ruins.-Hot Springs.-Stone Quarry with Columns.- Enáe.—Implements and Customs of the Ancients retained.— French Steamboat.-Arrival at Constantinople.-Climate.-De- scription of the City.-Bazaars.-Change of Costume by the 63 Departure from Constantinople.-Burial-ground.-New Road.- Dil Ferry.-Manners of the People.-The Country.-Natural History. Arrival at Nicæa.-Its Remains.-Discovery of In- A Forest.-Oneóenoo.-Singular Caves.-Mountains and Table- lands.-Curious Geological Features.-Kootaya.-Extraordi- nary Rocks.-Expedition to seek Doganlu.-Customs of the People.-Ezani.-Its Antiquities.-Inscriptions.-Habits of a Journey to Sparta.-Reception of a Governor at his Province.- Voyage to Phaselis.-Olympus.-Phineka Bay.-State of the Peasantry.-Passage of the Mountains to Antiphellus.-Ruins of Patera. City of Xanthus. - Inscriptions and Curious Sculpture.—Tombs.—Cottage.—Ancient Customs preserved. —Explore the Valley of the Xanthus.—Ancient City of Tlos. Route by Dollomon, Koogez, Hoola.-Variation of Season.- Moola. Gipsies.-Stratoniceia.-Its Ruins and Inscriptions. -Mylasa.-Primitive Mode of Felling Timber.-Labranda.- Priene.-Sansoon.-Thunder-storm.-Natural History.-Chanly. Aneghool.-Philadelphia.-Opium-Gathering.-Sardis.-Its Re- 157 b |