Quantity.-Large to small. A well at Forest Hill, Harford County, 72 feet in depth with a head near the surface yields 25 gallons per minute; a well at Street 107 feet in depth yields 20 gallons per minute.

A well at Reisterstown, Baltimore County, 190 feet in depth with a head near the surface yields 25 to 30 gallons per minute; at Glyndon a well 130 feet in depth with a head 20 feet beneath the surface yields 16 gallons per minute.

A well at Mt. Airy, Carroll County, less than 40 feet deep with a head 20 feet below the surface yields a large but undetermined supply; and a well in the same locality 117 feet in depth with a head 30 feet beneath the surface yields 80 gallons per minute; a well at Lineboro 41 feet in depth with a head 19 feet beneath the surface yields a small supply.

A well at Rockville, Montgomery County, 281 feet in depth with a head 30 feet beneath the surface yields 30 gallons per minute; and a well at Sandy Springs 94 feet in depth with a head 35 feet beneath the surface yields 15 gallons per minute; a well at Great Falls 80 feet in depth with a head 30 feet below the surface yields 20 gallons per minute; a well at Dickerson 72 feet in depth with a head 20 feet beneath the surface yields 4 gallons per minute.

A well at Kempton, Frederick County, 92 feet deep with a head 62 feet beneath the surface yields a large but undetermined supply.

A well at Williamsport 45 feet in depth with a head 20 feet beneath the surface yields 2 gallons per minute; another at the same place 97 feet in depth with a head 30 feet beneath the surface yields 5 gallons per minute; another well 210 feet deep with a head 100 feet beneath the surface yields 25 gallons per minute and still another at the same place 487 feet in depth with a head 30 feet beneath the surface yields 15 gallons per minute. Quality. Generally good, not as a rule high in mineral matter.

UNDERGROUND WATERS OF WESTERN MARYLAND

Nearly all of the underground waters of Western Maryland are obtained from shallow wells. A few wells of greater depth have been drilled but the many streams, springs, and shallow wells afford so much good water that even municipalities and corporate interests find it more economical to make use of these sources of water supply.

The underground waters, as in the central area, may be secured from shallow wells in the broken upper part of underlying rocks, such supplies often being found very near the surface. In a region of few habitations, and when care is taken as to the immediate sanitary conditions, such supplies may be safely employed. The deeper-seated waters may be found in the arenaceous (sandy) layers and supplies may be encountered in the lower portions of the folds, but generally the strata are so consolidated that the water is encountered in the larger fissures which afford channels for the circulating waters.

Two types of waters are found, those derived (1) from calcareous rocks and (2) from siliceous and siliceous-aluminous rocks.

WATER FROM CALCAREOUS ROCKS

Water may be secured in considerable quantities from the various calcareous formations of Western Maryland. These rocks are found in a succession of narrow belts extending from north to south across the area. Depth.-50 to 300 feet.

Static Head.-Generally from less than 40 feet below to 5 feet above the surface, a few wells of much lower head; non-flowing, very few flowing; generally pumped.

Quantity. Small to large. A well at Hancock, Washington County, 66 feet in depth with a head 36 feet below the surface yields 15 gallons per minute; another well at Round Top, Washington County, 278 feet in depth with a head 178 feet beneath the surface yields by pumping 50 to 70 gallons per minute.

A well at Flintstone, Allegany County, 31 feet in depth with a head 11 feet beneath the surface yields a few gallons per minute; a well at Cumberland, Allegany County, 56 feet in depth flows 1 gallon in 10 minutes with a head of 5 feet above the surface. Its yield could be materially increased by pumping. Another well at Cumberland 100 feet in depth yields by pumping 80 to 90 gallons per minute, the level of the water standing 25 feet beneath the surface; and a third well at Cumberland 84 feet in depth with a water level 6 to 8 feet beneath the surface yields 100 gallons per minute.

A well at Sang Run, Garrett County, 82 feet in depth with a water level 30 feet below the surface yields 5 to 10 gallons per minute.

Quality. Water always hard, with a rather high percentage of mineral matter.

WATER FROM SILICEOUS AND ALUMINOUS ROCKS

Water may be generally secured from the siliceous and aluminous rocks of the western section of the state, and a number of such wells, for the most part of shallow depth, have been drilled. They are found rather widely distributed in the several non-calcareous formations which follow the same strike but occupy much broader belts in Western Maryland than do the calcareous rocks.

Depth. Generally from 30 to 250 feet; a few deeper wells have been drilled.

Static Head.-Generally from about 50 feet below to a few feet above the surface, a few wells with much lower head; nearly all non-flowing; generally pumped.

Quantity. Large to small. A well at Big Pool, Washington County, 30 feet in depth which heads 22 feet below the surface yields 2 gallons per minute; at Old Fort Frederick, Washington County, a well 50 feet in depth which heads at 45 feet beneath the surface yields 3 gallons per minute; a well at Indian Spring, Washington County, 40 feet deep with a head 20 feet beneath the surface yields 3 gallons per minute; a well at Hancock, Washington County, 440 feet deep with a head 90 feet beneath the surface yields 200 gallons per minute; another well at the same locality 127 feet in depth with a head of 47 feet beneath the surface yields 60 gallons per minute; still another at the same place 85 feet in depth with a head 41 feet beneath the surface yields 40 gallons per minute; and another 55 feet deep with a head only 3 feet beneath the surface yields 100 gallons per minute; a well at Millstone, Washington County, 112 feet deep with a head 80 feet beneath the surface yields 28 gallons per minute.

A well at Cumberland, Allegany County, 260 feet deep with a head 12 feet below the surface yields 300 gallons per minute; another well in the same area 225 feet in depth with a head of 16 feet beneath the surface yields 12 gallons per minute; another well 80 feet in depth with a head of 20 feet beneath the surface yields 15 gallons per minute; and still

another well 40 feet in depth with a head of 20 feet beneath the surface. yields a large but undetermined supply. A number of wells in the western part of Allegany County in the Georges Creek Valley and adjacent areas have been drilled which furnish a large supply. Among them may be mentioned a well 2 miles east of Frostburg 160 feet in depth with a head slightly above the surface which flows 8 gallons per minute; another well at Mount Savage 39 feet in depth with a head 33 feet beneath the surface yields 10 gallons per minute; another well at Mount Savage 105 feet in depth with a head 30 feet beneath the surface yields 75 gallons per minute; a well at Ellerslie 210 feet in depth with a head 40 feet below the surface yields a large but undetermined supply; a well at Charlestown 125 feet in depth with a head 70 feet below the surface yields 50 gallons per minute; another well at Barton 72 feet in depth with a head 28 feet beneath the surface yields a moderate supply; on the Maryland side of the Potomac River opposite Keyser, West Virginia, a well 60 feet deep with a head 40 feet beneath the surface yields a large but undetermined supply; a well at Westernport 165 feet deep with a head 10 feet beneath the surface yields 100 gallons per minute.

A well at Grantsville, Garrett County, with a depth of 30 feet and a head 9 feet below the surface yields 3 gallons per minute; a well at Accident, Garrett County, 88 feet in depth with a head 45 feet beneath the surface yields 1 gallon per minute. A well at Selbysport, Garrett county, 40 feet in depth with a head 30 feet beneath the surface yields an abundant but undetermined supply; a well at Oakland, Garrett County, 250 feet deep with a head 20 feet beneath the surface yields 35 gallons per minute; and another well at the same place 80 feet in depth with a head 3 feet beneath the surface yields 22 gallons per minute. At Crellin, Garrett County, a well 180 feet in depth with a head 20 feet beneath the surface yields 50 gallons per minute; a well at Deer Park, Garrett County, 90 feet in depth flows 1 gallon per minute; a well on the Maryland side opposite Bayard, West Virginia, 60 feet in depth with a head 25 feet in depth yields a small supply.

Quality. Water generally good, especially from the siliceous rocks; often hard and frequently with some iron content; at times containing sulphur, especially when derived from the coal measures.

LOCAL DESCRIPTION OF WATER

RESOURCES

COUNTIES OF THE EASTERN SHORE OF MARYLAND

CECIL COUNTY

Cecil, the northeastern county of Maryland, lies at the head of Chesapeake Bay, and its longest boundaries are those separating it from Lancaster and Chester counties, Pennsylvania, on the north and from Newcastle County, Delaware, on the east. The northern half of the county lies in the Piedmont Plateau and the southern half in the Coastal Plain— the line of division being approximately that of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The two types of topography are less contrasted in this county than elsewhere in the state. While the Coastal Plain type of low, flat country is developed to the southeast of Elk River, northwest of this stream to the border of the Piedmont the country is a rolling upland. The Piedmont Plateau is here a gently rolling upland except where it is crossed by the more important drainage channels, such as Big Elk, Little Elk, Principio, Octoraro, and Conowingo creeks, and the Susquehanna River. Wherever these streams cross the county they have cut deep and narrow gorges which impart a ruggedness to the otherwise rolling topography.