It will be noticed on comparing these tests with those of the preceding locality that the effect of the sand is better than that of the loam, because it produces a denser and consequently stronger brick.

Lakewood.-Cohansey clays are also found at Lakewood and have been worked to a slight extent. One deposit, which occurs on the property of Mrs. Le Conte and Wm. Clayton, is a very sandy clay, working up with 20 per cent. of water and having an air shrinkage of 7.3 per cent. It is said to have a thickness of 6 to 8 feet. Its behavior on burning was as follows:

Bennett Mills.-Prof. Cook1 notes the occurrence of clay on the lands of Chas. H. Appleget, near Bennett Mills. The deposit is said to "lie near a tributary of Metedeconk creek, and not far from the latter stream." The material was described as a tough, sandy, plastic clay streaked with red and yellow.

Seven Stars.-Red-burning clay was also mentioned (p. 254 Ibid) as occurring on the Bricksburg tract near the old Seven Stars Hotel. It is described as "a very stiff, tough clay, and most of it is some shade of yellow or red, although some of it is said to be white." The overburden was 4 feet, and it was suggested that selected portions might be used for pottery.

Bricksburg. A belt of clay land is also mentioned as extending from Bricksburg to Toms River, the surface layers of the clay being mixed with gravel.2 A clay for red brick was dug (1878) I mile north of the village. Its average thickness was 13 feet, and the overburden 4 feet. The clay is said to burn light colored, and the bricks were not very hard. This is probably due to their being burned at too low a temperature.

Dillon's Island.—Cook also mentioned a bed of yellowish-white clay, 3 feet thick, in the bluff on the south side of Dillon's Island. The overburden is recorded as being 10 to 15 feet thick.

Clay-working industry.-Few clay products are manufactured in Ocean county. Common brick have been made at Toms River for twenty years or more, and three small yards are in operation near Herbertsville. Some brick have also been made near Lakewood. Considerable clay for pressed brick is dug southeast of Whiting station, and clay for terra cotta at Old Half Way, 2 miles east of Woodmansie.

There is opportunity for much prospecting in searching for pressed-brick and terra-cotta clays in the Cohansey formation. It is possible also that some fire clay might be found, although none has been up to the present time, with the exception of that on the Applegate property north of Toms River.

Where deposits are located at some distance from a railroad it would be necessary and economical to take the clay out to the main line by rail, as the roads in this region are very sandy.

PASSAIC COUNTY.

So far as known, the only clays in Passaic county which are commercially important are of Glacial age, and probably connected in origin with the glacial Lake Passaic. They are extensively developed north of Singac and Little Falls, where common brick are manufactured by the Singac Brick Company (Loc. 287) and Geo. Conners (Loc. 286), and at Mountain View, where there are extensive brick plants belonging to the Standard Brick Company, of Newark (Loc. 288), and Uschwold & Ulrich (Loc. 289). These deposits are not limited to the localities where worked at present, but are known to extend as far north as Preakness, although over much of this area they are buried by silt and sand.

The clay is usually dark colored, often black, sometimes distinctly laminated, the latter beds being free from stones. At some pits the clay is overlaid by sand; in others, notably that at locality 286, the laminated clay is covered by several feet of stony clay-glacial till—(Pl. XVI, Figs. 1 and 2), which is also used, the bowlders being rejected in digging, the larger stones being separated by a rotary sieve, and those under an inch in diameter often finding their way into the brick. All these clays burn red and are rarely used with the admixture of sand. The brick are made by the soft-mud process, and since all the yards are located either along the railroad or on the Morris and Essex canal or its feeder, shipping facilities are excellent.

Small local deposits of surface or glacial clay doubtless exist elsewhere in the county, but they have never been developed.

SALEM COUNTY.

This county extends from the Delaware river in a southeast direction to the Maurice river, a distance of about 27 miles. It, therefore, might include clays belonging to the Raritan, Clay Marl, Alloway, Cohansey and Cape May formations, but some of these are not exposed on account of the heavy capping of surface materials. The Alloway clay is the only important deposit exposed and worked.

Pentonville.-The Cape May has been opened to supply a small brickyard at Pentonville (Loc. 166), but the deposit is a shallow one, from 2 to 4 feet in thickness, and is underlain by sand. It burns to a red color and is quite porous at the temperature reached in common-brick kilns. The Cape May clays have also been worked for brick at Salem,

Alloway Clay.

The Alloway clay is the most important clay deposit in this county, and it was examined at a number of localities. Its extent is shown in detail on the map, Plate XIII.

Yorktown. The most extensive opening, although not a very deep one, is seen at the brickyard of David Haines, south of Yorktown (Loc. 162, Pl. LV). The clay bank forms a long, shallow excavation to the west of the yard, and exposes an upper and lower bed of clay, covered by loam which is in part gravelly. If the pit is followed from east to west it is found that the sandy overburden increases in thickness. The upper clay bed is a whitish clay with yellow mottling, containing occasional seams or crusts of limonite (Pl. II, Fig. 2), and varies from 8 to 15 feet in thickness. The under clay is a blue, very plastic material, of great cohesiveness. It is said to run 50 feet in depth, and was bored into for a distance of 8 feet to obtain a sample.

At the western end of the clay bank the sand is found apparently to rest directly on the blue clay, as if the mottled clay had thinned out. This apparent fading out of the one bed is due